馬德里EMV60戶社會(huì)集合住宅

建設(shè)單位：馬德里市政住房與土地公司

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：西班牙馬德里

設(shè)計(jì)單位：HAND 建筑師事務(wù)所

場(chǎng)地面積：3 300 平方米

建筑面積：5 750 平方米

攝影：Adolfo Gosálvez

Client:Municipal Housing and Land Company of Madrid

Location:Madrid,Spain

Architect:HAND Architecture

Site Area:3,300 m2

Building Area:5,750 m2

Photography: Adolfo Gosálvez

考慮到場(chǎng)地周邊的城市現(xiàn)狀，該方案通過一種直接的抽象方式——限制體量——來(lái)占據(jù)場(chǎng)地的中心位置。我們必須將這座建筑放置在改造過的場(chǎng)地中，而土地將不可避免地承受建筑重壓。因此，我們希望通過為體量 “減重”，并以此為基礎(chǔ)尋求將功能，立面表達(dá)，采光和建筑朝向結(jié)合在一起的方法。簡(jiǎn)言之，我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一種可以高效使用的計(jì)劃。我們首先將這座建筑視為一塊巨型大理石，接下來(lái)通過從中逐步削減體量，而非添加，創(chuàng)造出最后的建筑形體。

這座建筑形成了一個(gè)豎向的社會(huì)體系，它有利于促進(jìn)一座公寓建筑中的各級(jí)關(guān)系（公共與私人領(lǐng)域）。根據(jù)所處位置，這座建筑既需要向天空和陽(yáng)光敞開，同時(shí)也要利用其外部結(jié)構(gòu)與街道分離。最終，這座建筑以樹狀結(jié)構(gòu)容納了60 戶人家。

聯(lián)排住宅的本質(zhì)是線性的居住空間，可以根據(jù)實(shí)際需要進(jìn)行分隔。室內(nèi)走廊和服務(wù)空間則如同 “外套”一樣將居室包裹其中。我們首先確定了起居室和走廊的尺寸，使其它小空間可以被安插其中。這樣的布局不僅可以有效隔離周圍環(huán)境，而且可以隨住戶需求定制，從而營(yíng)造出舒適和親切的感受。布局的靈活性使房屋擁有了隨時(shí)間變化的能力。

該系統(tǒng)不僅具有功能和結(jié)構(gòu)上的優(yōu)勢(shì)，同時(shí)也是一種有效的房屋隔熱和隔音被動(dòng)解決方案，將帶來(lái)積極的節(jié)能效果。由服務(wù)設(shè)施組成的 “功能墻”以被布置在每個(gè)單元的外圍，假它與建筑外墻共同為居室提供良好的通風(fēng)。

我們通過選擇材料使建筑獲得合適的表達(dá)效果。停車場(chǎng)緩緩從建筑一側(cè)打開，汽車好像逐漸消失在場(chǎng)地的樹林中一樣。建筑的外立面以棕色磚砌筑，與馬德里傳統(tǒng)住宅相仿。外部顏色暗沉，內(nèi)部明亮。住戶內(nèi)部使用木材覆蓋墻體，營(yíng)造出溫暖的氛圍。

Given the urban conditions,the proposal begins by conquering the center of the site through a direct abstraction:the limit volume.Imagining the capable parallelepiped,we cannot avoid making it rest on the transformed terrain,on the ground trampled by the weight of such an enormous mass.Posed in this way,we are preparing to empty this virtual prism seeking to enable the program,the buildable surface,the sunshine and the orientations;In short,useful plans.The shape is born from the subtraction of pieces from the massif capable,as if it were a piece of marble,not by the addition of type units.

A society of vertical prisms that,in its strategic disposition,facilitates the hierarchical relations(public and private) of a residential building that,due to its location,needs to be open to the sky and the sun,but also demands protection from the streets with its envelopes.The enclosure,qualified from the emptying of its perimeters,houses sixty houses in a tree-like manner.

Serial houses are essentially linear living spaces that are compartmentalized according to true needs.We dimension the central room,the nave,which naturally invites fragmentation that must exist,and not vice versa.The spaces thus arranged cause comfortable intimacy,not only because of its efficient perimeter insulation but also because of its capacity for personalization.The temporality of the houses,their capacity for transformation over time,is thus facilitated.

But this system not only has functional or compositional advantages,it also represents an effective passive solution to the thermal and acoustic insulation of homes,which,in the end,will lead to a positive energy saving.The functional bands of “inhabited walls”by server elements,placed in a centrifugal manner on the outer perimeter of each unit allow adequate ventilation by opposing facades.

The choice of materials seeks the right quality.In this way,the parking lot,on the earthy support plane of the original prism,opens laterally,so that the cars sound slowly through the trees.Trees that offer their glasses at the level of the recreational and access platform on the ground floor.The exterior facades are complemented by colorful brick,complex rigging,echoing the echo of Madrid's residential architecture,dark in the outer limits planes,clear in the interiors,enhancing the internal luminosity,formalizing the idea of protective shell against indetermination Exterior.We live the interior with wood,we cover it with white light;We make it durable,economical and warm.

內(nèi)院效果圖 Effect Picture of Inner Courtyard

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層平面圖 Typical Floor Plan

實(shí)體模型 Entity model