中鐵二院
——軌道交通“魔法師”

3月31日，由中鐵二院工程集團有限責(zé)任公司（以下簡稱“中鐵二院”）全程參與設(shè)計、施工配合、施工監(jiān)理、車輛監(jiān)造，歷經(jīng)5年規(guī)劃建設(shè)的云南省文山壯族苗族自治州城市軌道交通現(xiàn)代有軌電車4號線開通試運行，該項目是云南省第一條正式開通試運行的有軌電車項目，也是國內(nèi)首批采用PPP模式建造、國內(nèi)首個在革命老區(qū)和邊疆少數(shù)民族地區(qū)建設(shè)的有軌電車項目，擁有多個全國首創(chuàng)，是中鐵二院在新制式軌道交通領(lǐng)域的又一力作。

當(dāng)下，新型多制式軌道交通正成為中國城軌建設(shè)“新寵”，中鐵二院響應(yīng)國家“交通強國”“創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展”的號召，開發(fā)運用中低速磁浮，跨座式單軌，現(xiàn)代有軌電車等技術(shù)，成為新制式軌道交通領(lǐng)域的主要探路者和重要實踐者。

After five years of planning and construction, the modern tram line 4 project of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province was put into trial operation on March 31.China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd.（hereinafter referred to as “CREEC”） participated in the whole process of design, construction coordination, construction supervision, and vehicle supervision for the project.This project is the first tram project officially put into trial operation in Yunnan Province, and also the first tram project adopting PPP mode in China and the first tram project built in an old revolutionary base area and frontier ethnic region in China.It is the first in many fields in China and is another masterpiece of CREEC in the field of new standard rail transit.

At present, the new multi-system rail transit is becoming the “new favorite” of China’s urban rail transit construction.In response to China's call for “a country with strong transportation network” and the “innovation-driven development”, CREEC has developed and applied technologies such as medium-low speed maglev, straddle monorail, and modern tram, becoming a major pathfinder and an important practitioner in the field of new-system rail transit.

中國首條國產(chǎn)中低速磁懸浮鐵路快線——長沙磁浮快線列車 （本版圖片/東方IC 供圖）Changsha Maglev Express, China’s first domestic medium-low speed maglev line

A中低速磁浮

Medium-low speed maglev

2016年，國家啟動“十三五”重點研發(fā)計劃——先進軌道交通重點專項“磁浮交通系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)”：具體包括時速600公里的高速磁浮項目與時速200公里的中速磁浮項目。中鐵二院是該重點專項中唯一一家同時參與承擔(dān)了中速、高速磁浮交通系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究課題的工程綜合勘察設(shè)計單位。

In 2016, China launched the Key Project of Advanced Rail Transit of “Key Technologies of Maglev Transportation System” as an integral part of the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”, specifically including the high-speed maglev project with a speed of 600 km per hour and the medium-speed maglev project with a speed of 200 km per hour.CREEC is the only engineering integrated survey and design institute in this key project that has undertaken the research project of key technologies of medium and high-speed maglev transportation system at the same time.

案例一

Case 1

鳳凰磁浮文化旅游項目規(guī)劃線路分三期實施，一期工程以張吉懷高鐵鳳凰站為起點到民俗園站，線路全長9.121公里，設(shè)計時速100公里，擬設(shè)車站4座，預(yù)留車站2座。項目一期工程于2019年8月開工建設(shè)，鳳凰磁浮線將成為鳳凰一條亮麗的風(fēng)景線。

The planned route of Fenghuang Maglev Cultural Tourism Project is implemented in three phases.The first phase starts from the Fenghuang Station on Zhangjiajie-Jishou-Huaihua High-speed Railway to the Fenghuang Folklore Garden, with a total length of 9.121 km and a design speed of 100 km per hour.Four stations are planned and two stations are reserved.The first phase of the project started construction in August 2019, and the Fenghuang Maglev will become a feast to the eyes in Fenghuang.

案例二

Case 2

長沙南站至黃花機場磁浮快線全長18.55公里，速度目標(biāo)值每小時100公里，全線高架，共設(shè)站3座，另預(yù)留車站2座，設(shè)車輛段與綜合基地一處，2013年啟動前期工作，2016年5月正式投入使用。

The Changsha Maglev Express between Changsha South Railway Station and Changsha Huanghua International Airport is 18.55 km long, with a target speed of 100 km per hour.The whole line is elevated, with three stations and two reserved stations, a depot, and a comprehensive base.The preliminary work was started in 2013 and the maglev express was officially put into use in May 2016.

重慶網(wǎng)紅景點李子壩站輕軌穿樓而過CRT Liziba Station, a popular tourism destination, where the light rail is running through a building

B跨座式單軌

Straddle-beam monorail

只通過單根軌道來支承、穩(wěn)定和導(dǎo)向，車體騎跨在軌道梁上運行的軌道交通系統(tǒng)。一般采用充氣輪胎、混凝土軌道梁。爬坡能力強，曲線通過能力強；運行噪音低，占地少；梁體纖細(xì)、景觀性好。

It is a rail transit system supported, stabilized, and guided only by the track consisting of a single rail and the vehicles straddle the track beam.Generally, pneumatic tires and concrete track beams are used.It is characterized by strong climbing ability and strong curve passing ability, low running noise, and less land occupation, slender beams, and aesthetics.

案例三

Case 3

重慶軌道交通2號線由中鐵二院負(fù)責(zé)全線設(shè)計總體總包工作，是國內(nèi)首條跨座式單軌，運營里程31.36公里，全線設(shè)車站25座，包括22座高架站、3座地下站。已開通運營，列車穿樓而過的李子壩站，已成為重慶網(wǎng)紅打卡地。

Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 is the first straddle monorail in China, with an operating mileage of 31.36 km.It is designed by CREEC as the general contractor for the whole line.There are 25 stations along the line, including 22 elevated stations and 3 underground stations.The operating Liziba Station, in which the train passes through the building, has become the internetfamous place in Chongqing.

C現(xiàn)代有軌電車

Modern tram

以電力驅(qū)動推動、并在固定軌道上運行的載客交通工具。列車編組有單節(jié)車廂，也有多節(jié)車廂的設(shè)計，但是總長度一般不大于100米，以避免造成路口交通不暢。建設(shè)周期短，一般采用地面敷設(shè)，乘客乘降便利，建設(shè)成本低，建設(shè)周期短。

It carries passengers by running on fixed rail and driven by electric power.The trains are composed of a single vehicle or multiple vehicles with a total length of not more than 100 m so as not to cause traffic congestion at crossings.The construction period is short.Generally, it is laid on the ground, which is convenient for passengers to get on and off, low in construction cost, and short in the construction period.

案例四

Case 4

麗江城市綜合軌道交通項目一期工程（1號線）位于云南省麗江玉龍雪山南側(cè)山麓，項目南起游客中心站，北至玉龍雪山站，線路串聯(lián)了主要旅游景區(qū)及客流集散點。線路全長20.465公里，最高運行時速70公里。項目難度在于高原生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱、山地冰雪氣候復(fù)雜、長大坡道技術(shù)條件和旅游景觀要求高等等。項目建設(shè)在促進麗江旅游發(fā)展、緩解雪山生態(tài)壓力、引導(dǎo)和構(gòu)建集環(huán)境保護和旅游發(fā)展功能于一體的城市綜合交通體系等方面具有重要意義。

The first phase of Lijiang Urban Comprehensive Rail Transit Project （Line 1） is located at the foothills of the south side of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain in Lijiang, Yunnan Province.The project starts from the tourist center station in the south and reaches Jade Dragon Snow Mountain Station in the north.The line links up the main tourist attractions and passenger flow distribution points.The total length of the line is 20.465 km, with a maximum running speed of 70 km per hour.The difficulty of the project lies in the fragile ecological environment on the plateau, the complex snow and ice climate in the mountains, the high technical conditions of long ramps and the high requirements of the tourist landscape, etc.The project construction is of great significance in promoting tourism development in Lijiang, relieving ecological pressure on snow-capped mountains, guiding and constructing an integrated urban transportation system integrating environmental protection and tourism development functions.

D懸掛式單軌

Mounted monorail

懸掛式單軌（也稱“空軌”）為單軌交通制式的一種，車輛轉(zhuǎn)向架置于下開口的軌道梁內(nèi)，車廂懸掛于軌道梁下方實現(xiàn)安全、平穩(wěn)行駛。

Mounted monorail （also called “aerial railway”） is a kind of monorail transportation system, in which the bogie is placed in the track beam with a lower opening, and the carriage is suspended under the track beam to realize safe and stable running.

案例五

Case 5

中鐵二院正牽頭中國首條商業(yè)運營的懸掛式單軌線路。該項目的功能定位主要為空鐵試驗線功能、空鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)示范功能、旅游觀光功能。根據(jù)沿線串聯(lián)的不同區(qū)域豐富的人文要素和生態(tài)特色，對車站進行一站一景設(shè)置，并對橋墩造型及軌道梁進行景觀涂裝。項目車輛采用全透明車廂，最大程度提升了乘客觀光體驗效果。中鐵二院利用空鐵車輛位于軌道梁下方的獨特優(yōu)勢，全球首創(chuàng)地將軌道交通和景觀步道結(jié)合，在軌道梁上方敷設(shè)全透明的玻璃棧道，打造出地面、車內(nèi)、橋上三個層次的獨特景觀視角，實現(xiàn)“我在車?yán)锟达L(fēng)景，看風(fēng)景的人在橋上看我”的沉浸式景觀體驗。

CREEC is leading off in the first commercial suspended monorail line in China.The project is mainly to be used as an aerial railway test line, an aerial railway industry demonstration, and means of tourist sightseeing.As for the rich cultural elements and ecological characteristics of different areas linked along the line, the decoration of the station varies from station to station, and the piers are beautifully shaped and the track beam is painted with artistic paintings.The vehicles in the project are fully transparent, which greatly improves the experience of the passengers.By making use of the unique advantage that aerial railway vehicles are located under the track beam, CREEC is the world’s first to combine rail transit with landscape trails by laying a fully transparent glass plank road above the track beam, creating a unique landscape perspective of three levels, namely, the ground, the vehicle, and the bridge, and realizing the immersive landscape experience of “I see the scenery in the vehicle, while those who see the scenery look at me on the bridge”.

E齒軌鐵路

Rack railway

與傳統(tǒng)鐵路相比，齒軌鐵路增加了齒輪系統(tǒng)，在鋼輪鋼軌黏著性無法滿足爬坡能力要求的大坡度地段依靠齒輪齒條進行驅(qū)動。齒軌鐵路由于依靠齒輪齒條進行驅(qū)動，車可突破傳統(tǒng)鐵路的鋼輪鋼軌黏著限制，最大爬坡能力250‰~480‰，是傳統(tǒng)鐵路的7至20倍，地形適應(yīng)能力極強。但速度較低，齒軌地段根據(jù)不同的坡度，一般為每小時10至25公里。齒軌系主要適用于山地景區(qū)內(nèi)的交通工具，相比纜車具有載客量大、舒適度及安全性高、受天氣影響小、不影響景觀等優(yōu)點。

中鐵二院牽頭的中國首條以齒軌作為運行軌道的軌道交通項目——都江堰至四姑娘山山地軌道交通扶貧項目，目前正在加速建設(shè)推進。

Compared with the traditional railway, a gear system is added to the rack railway, which is driven by gears and racks in steep slope sections where the adhesion of steel wheels and rails cannot meet the requirements of climbing ability.Driven by racks and pinions on the rack railway, the vehicle can break through the adhesion limit of steel wheels and rails of traditional railways, reaching its maximum climbing ability of 250‰～480‰, which is 7-20 times that of traditional railways, and its terrain adaptability is extremely strong.However, the speed is relatively low, and it is generally 10 to 25 km per hour in the rack section according to different slopes.The rack rail system is mainly suitable for vehicles in mountains.Compared with cable cars, it has the advantages of large passenger capacity, high comfort, and safety, less vulnerability to weather, and no impact on the landscape.

The first rail transit project in China, from Dujiangyan to Siguniang Mountain, led by CREEC, which uses a rack railway as its running track, is under construction now.

云南文山城市軌道交通現(xiàn)代有軌電車4號線Tram line 4 of Wenshan urban rail transit system in Yunnan（東方IC 供圖）

未來，在廣闊的新制式軌道交通領(lǐng)域，中鐵二院將延續(xù)夢想，追夢前行，以技術(shù)創(chuàng)新作為立業(yè)之本，不斷加強在新制式軌道交通領(lǐng)域的研發(fā)力度，為鍛造引領(lǐng)未來交通變革的利器提供技術(shù)儲備，同時將一如既往地向世界軌道交通的最前沿探索，為中國中鐵在新制式軌道交通領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展提供核心競爭力和創(chuàng)新推動力。

In the vast field of new standard rail transit, CREEC will continue its pursuit of the dream, take technological innovation as the foundation of its career, continuously strengthen its research and development in the field of new standard rail transit, and provide technical reserves for forging a sharp tool to lead the future traffic change.At the same time, it will, as always, explore the forefront of world rail transit and provide core competitiveness and innovation impetus for the development of China Railway in the field of new standard rail transit.