“謝閣蘭的中國印跡—中國古代遺址的視覺想象”在重慶展出法國漢學家Segalen百年前的中國之旅

賀煜

3月18日—4月20日，四川美術學院和法國駐成都總領事館聯(lián)合在重慶南岸法國水師兵營舊址舉辦“謝閣蘭的中國印跡—中國古代遺址的視覺想象”展覽。此次展覽是第25屆“法語活動月”活動之一。

展覽匯集著名法國漢學家謝閣蘭（Victor Segalen）考察中國的攝影作品近100幅（復刻版），分為“謝閣蘭”“旅程”“遺跡”“文字”4個單元，分別從謝閣蘭的日常生活、旅途記錄、考古研究、手稿等方面追溯他的中國之旅，以及他對藝術的追求與探索。這些作品既是對早期攝影藝術的表現(xiàn)和圖像敘事的回顧，也是對中國西部的歷史文化和文化遺產(chǎn)進行圖像復原的嘗試。

據(jù)法國駐成都總領事白嶼淞介紹，謝閣蘭（1878—1919年）是法國著名詩人、作家、漢學家和藝術史學家，也是外科醫(yī)生和民族志學者。他曾長期旅居和多次游歷中國，對中國的悠久文明和獨特文化有著深入的體察和豐富的感知，并以此為靈感創(chuàng)作出大量作品，被稱為“法國的中國詩人”。

作為最早進入中國西部考察的西方學者，謝閣蘭分別于1909年、1914年和1917年，先后組織了3次對中國古代遺跡的考古調查。隨后他創(chuàng)作了旅行筆記《磚與瓦》《路線圖》，以及豐富的書信。

四川美術學院教授秦臻是謝閣蘭《漢代墓葬藝術—中華考古記（1914）》中文版的編譯者之一。據(jù)他介紹，謝閣蘭的第一次中國之旅是從法國馬賽啟航，由香港到北京，再到蘭州、成都，于1909年12月31日到達重慶。雖然他留下的文字沒有詳細記載重慶的內容，但他在給夫人的一封信中這樣描述：“隨我們從四川來的小馬讓人捧腹大笑，它們很輕松地就登上了重慶江邊上百級的臺階，其靈敏性激怒了從北京就開始伴隨我們而來的這些馬匹?！敝x閣蘭在重慶度過了新年，于1910年1月5日前往武漢并回到法國。

謝閣蘭的第二次中國考察則構成了他學術上非常重要的系列著作，包括《漢代墓葬藝術—中華考古記（1914）》。謝閣蘭去世后，他的同伴讓·拉爾蒂格編輯完成了這一著作。該書是謝閣蘭于1914年對陜西、四川等地區(qū)秦漢時期墓葬遺跡和陵墓建筑、雕塑，進行詳細考察后的記錄和分析、研究的成果。2020年，文物出版社出版了《漢代墓葬藝術—中華考古記（1914）》中文版，由秦臻和法國語言文學博士李海艷共同編譯。

在中國考察期間，謝閣蘭留下了大量的歷史、文化和民族志的攝影圖片，現(xiàn)藏于法國國家圖書館、法國吉美東方博物館及謝閣蘭基金會等地。在謝閣蘭拍攝的數(shù)百張照片中，記錄了在中國考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的各類歷史遺存，也記錄了考察途中的人情事態(tài)，以及山川、河流、房舍、旅人等各類風物印象。這些照片既體現(xiàn)了謝閣蘭兼具詩人與藝術史學者的雙重屬性，對中國古代遺存和古代藝術品進行認知和研究的影像，也是他作為外國人對中國歷史文化的觀察，是他在中國文化土壤上書寫的詩歌篇章。

“謝閣蘭留下的珍貴攝影圖像與手稿文獻，是對中國古代雕塑與遺跡的真實寫照，同時也體現(xiàn)出他對田野考察、歷史研究的熱愛與激情?！彼拇佬g學院國際交流合作處處長曾岳評價，謝閣蘭對中國歷史文化遺跡的研究與考察具有前瞻性，不僅是其對于個人研究領域的充實與豐富，也是法國學者研究精神與法國文化熏陶的集中體現(xiàn)，更是對中國傳統(tǒng)遺跡的即時性保存與傳承，讓今天的我們能夠透過歷史的鏡頭重新審視這片文化深厚的土地。

資料圖片/法國駐成都總領事館提供

From March 18 to April 20， Sichuan Fine Arts Institute and Consulate General of the Republic of France in Chengdu jointly hold the exhibition "Voyages en Chine de Victor Segalen， A La Rencotre de Sites Anciens" at LICHEE - former site of Marine Francaise in Chongqing. This exhibition is one of the events conducted during the 25th "Mois de la francophonie".

A collection of nearly 100 photographic works （reprints） of the famous French sinologist Victor Segalen's visit to China， the exhibition includes four chapters： "Victor Segalen"， "Voyages"， "Vestiges arch é ologiques" and "Texte"， tracing his journey to China from day-to-day life， travel records， archaeological research， manuscripts， and other aspects， as well as his pursuit and exploration of art. These works are not only a retrospect of early photographic art manifestation and image narrative， but also an attempt to restore the image of history， culture， and cultural heritage of Western China.

According to the introduction of Bruno Bisson， Consul General of France in Chengdu， Victor Segalen （1878-1919） was a renowned French poet， writer， sinologist， and art historian as well as a surgeon and ethnographer. Having lived in China for a long time and traveled in the country for multiple times， he had a deep understanding and rich perception of China's time-honored civilization and unique culture， which in turn inspired his creation of a myriad of works， thus he was known as "Chinese poet of France".

As the first Western scholar to visit Western China， Victor Segalen organized three archaeological surveys on ancient Chinese art and sculpture in 1909， 1914 and 1917 respectively. He then wrote travel notes Briques et tuiles， Feuilles de Route， and numerous letters.

Qin Zhen， a professor at Sichuan Fine Arts Institute， is one of the compilers and translators of Victor Segalen's Chinese version of L'art funeraire a l'epoque des Han-Mission archeologique en Chine （1914）. According to Qin， Victor Segalen's first trip to China started from Marseille in France via Hong Kong to Beijing， then to Lanzhou， Chengdu， and to Chongqing on December 31， 1909. Though no detailed records of Chongqing were left in his texts， he described in a letter to his wife as follows， "The ponies that came with us from Sichuan were so hilarious as they easily ascended hundreds of stairs along the riverbank in Chongqing， and their nimbleness infuriated the horses came along with us since Beijing." Victor Segalen spent the New Year in Chongqing， then went to Wuhan and returned to France on January 5， 1910.

Victor Segalen's second visit in China helped him complete a series of groundbreaking academic works， including L'art funeraire a l'epoque des Han-Mission archeologique en Chine （1914）. After Victor Segalen passed away， his companion， Jean Lartigue， edited and completed this masterpiece. This book is a product of record， analysis， and research of Victor Segalen 's detailed survey of Qin and Han tomb relics， mausoleum buildings and sculptures in Shaanxi， Sichuan， and other regions in 1914. In 2020， the Cultural Relics Press published L'art funeraire a l'epoque des Han-Mission archeologique en Chine （1914）， which is jointly compiled and translated by Qin Zhen and Li Haiyan， PhD of French Language and Literature.

During his visit to China， Victor Segalen left a legion of photographs of history， culture， and ethnography， which are now collected by in the La bibliothèque nationale de France， the Musée Guimet and Fondation Victor Segalen. Amid the hundreds of photos taken by Victor Segalen， various historical relics found in Chinese archaeology， social anecdotes en route as well as various impressions made by mountains， rivers， houses， travelers， and other scenery were recorded. These photos not only reflect Victor Segalen's dual attributes as a poet and a scholar of art history， but also reflect his cognition and study of ancient Chinese relics and ancient artifacts， his observation of Chinese history and culture as a foreigner， and his verses written on the soil of Chinese culture.

"The valuable photographic images and manuscripts left by Victor Segalen are an authentic depiction of ancient Chinese sculptures and relics， and also a reflection of his enthusiasm and passion for fieldwork and historical research." Zeng Yue， director of the International Exchange and Cooperation Division of Sichuan Fine Arts Institute， commented that Victor Segalen's research and survey on Chinese historical and cultural relics was forward-looking， not only fulfilled and enriched his personal research realm， but also embodied the research spirit of French scholars and the influence of French culture， and served as the immediate preservation and inheritance of Chinese traditional relics， so that today we could re-examine this profound land through the lens of history.

Information and photos are provided by Consulate General of the Republic of France in Chengdu