A8高速公路公園，扎安鎮(zhèn)，荷蘭

建筑設(shè)計：NL建筑師事務(wù)所

1-3 再利用后/After re-use

庫格阿安德扎安是一個位于阿姆斯特丹附近的可愛小村莊。它位于扎安河岸邊。在1970 年代初，這里修建了一條公路。這條A8 高速路為了跨越河流，以柱子支撐，它以一種迷人的方式穿越了整個城鎮(zhèn)，也強行割裂了城市的肌理。具有諷刺意味的是，這種現(xiàn)代化的進步帶來了宗教與國家之間的顯著分歧：在架空高速路的一側(cè)是教堂，而另一側(cè)則曾坐落有市政廳。橋的柱高有7m，橋面之下的空間帶有奇異的紀(jì)念性：如同一座狹長的教堂。

項目旨在嘗試恢復(fù)城鎮(zhèn)兩側(cè)之間的聯(lián)絡(luò)，并激活橋下空間。在被忽視了長達(dá)30 余年之后，終于，這個紀(jì)念物現(xiàn)狀得到改善。

對積極干預(yù)的尋求取代了過去幾十年中的負(fù)面印象。最終令人們產(chǎn)生了新的看法：高速路下令人印象深刻的空間并非是災(zāi)難，而是一種機遇。也許這里可能承載一種新的城市生活：從荒涼的停車場變?yōu)榛旌瞎δ軈^(qū)，從荒地變?yōu)榻裹c，從“城市邊緣”變?yōu)槌鞘兄行摹?/p>

社區(qū)的愿望和建議收錄在了一份名叫《A8 高速公路公園》的文件內(nèi)。當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬徽撌蔷用窕蛄闶凵?、也不論年幼或年老，提出了許多建議，成為了重建的起點。文件中包括了一家超市、一家花店、一家海鮮店，一座120 個車位的停車場，一條更好的與河相連的通道，一個公園，以及一個“涂鴉畫廊”（這個想法源于如果能允許在某一區(qū)域涂鴉，禁止在其他地方涂鴉就會更容易）。靶場已經(jīng)在匝道下建成。建設(shè)計劃是在當(dāng)?shù)卣兔癖姷拿芮泻献髦兄贫ǖ摹?/p>

在橋下自西向東可以看到一些“情侶座”、碗型滑板場、“坡道景觀”、兒童游樂場、霹靂舞舞臺、桌式足球臺、足球場、籃球場、停車場、交叉道、有頂廣場和一旁的超市、“字母柱”、花店和海鮮店、袖珍的噴泉、另一條交叉道、一個具有雕塑感的公交車站、微型碼頭、“全景平臺”，以及河流。高速路一旁是一個小公園，一些起伏的山丘強化了對綠植的體驗，這些山丘邊還開辟了一個“燒烤洞”和一個足球籠。

設(shè)計工程公司Carve 開發(fā)了這個精致的滑板運動場，它的特色是一個“米老鼠”形狀的碗池。碗池是挖鑿而成的球型，位于高速路下方。它以聚苯乙烯塊搭建，由計算機控制的泡沫切割機切成片狀，而后噴涂混凝土而成。這是一種相對較新的技術(shù)，在設(shè)計上具有不可思議的自由度。

超市采用定制的波紋鋼板圍合。波紋板是由Prince Cladding 公司設(shè)計，從上至下跨度超過6m。經(jīng)過強化的折疊提供了額外的穩(wěn)定性，并有助于遏制人們在上面涂鴉。

4 分析示意/Analysis diagram

5 功能分區(qū)/Functional partition

Koog aan de Zaan is a sweet little village near Amsterdam.It is located by the River Zaan.In the early seventies, a new Freeway was constructed.In order to cross the river Highway A8 was built on columns.The new road crosses town in a fascinating way.It produced a brutal cut in the urban tissue.Ironically, progress has resulted here in a radical separation between the Church and the State: on one side of the elevated highway is a Chapel and on the other the former City Hall.The columns are about seven metres high.The space under the deck is strangely monumental: a stretched cathedral.

The project is an attempt to restore the connection between both sides of the town and to activate the space under the road.After being treated for more than 30 years as a blind spot finally the momentum was there to change things for the better.

The passive attitude of the past decades was replaced with the quest for optimistic interventions.Finally, there seemed to be a new mindset: instead of a disaster, the remarkable space under the road was now considered an opportunity.Maybe a new type of urban life could be accommodated here:from the desolate parking lot to mixed-use area,from wasteland to focal point, from "down town periphery" to centre.

The wishes and suggestions of the community are laid down in a document called A8ernA.The locals – from residents to retailers and from young to old – came up with numerous proposals that were used as the starting point for the renewal among which a supermarket, a flower and a fish shop,parking spaces for 120 cars, a better connection to the river, a "park" and a so-called "graffiti gallery".(The idea was that by allowing graffiti in one area, it would be easier to ban it from another).A Shooting Range already nestled under the off-ramp.The plan was developed in close collaboration with the local government and the population.

Under the road from west to east you'll find"loveseats", a skate bowl, the so-called "ramp scape"and toy area, a break dance stage, table soccer, a soccer field, a basketball pitch, parking, a cross street, the covered square with the supermarket,"letter columns", the flower and fish shop, a light fountain, another cross street, a sculptural bus stop,a mini-marina, the "panorama deck" and the River.Next to the highway is a small park with some hills that intensify the experience of the greenery.Carved out from these are a "barbecue cave" and a soccer cage.

6 碼頭區(qū)/Marina area

教堂前廣場冗余的綠色植物被移走了，因此變得更具吸引力和可用性。這里如今可以舉辦市集，如在女王節(jié)，這里就會變成一個熱鬧的聚會場所。在廣場上，以淺色的磚塊對最初的城市規(guī)劃予以強調(diào)，并以一種電影《狗鎮(zhèn)》式的方法表達(dá)過去這里的房屋結(jié)構(gòu)。木制的平臺表明了以前客廳的位置。

沿河兩岸密集的建筑阻礙了人們與扎安河的互動。通過在橋下挖掘引入一個小型碼頭，河岸能夠與主街相連。它還在“天花板”上投射出生動的倒影。碼頭向河流探出兩個柱間距的距離。全景平臺上能夠看到河水美妙的景色。高架公路以一種出人意料的方式提供了機會，使村莊與它的存在之源重新聯(lián)系起來。□

（龐凌波 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Gemeente Zaanstad

建筑師/Architects: Pieter Bannenberg, Walter van Dijk,Kamiel Klaasse (NL Architects)

項目主管/Project Leader: S?ren Grünert

團隊/Team: Erik Moederscheim, Sarah M?ller, Annarita Papeschi, Michael Schoner, Wim Sjerps, Crystal Tang

藝術(shù)家/Artists: Arie van den Berg, Horst Rickels, Marc Ruygrok

滑板運動場設(shè)計/Skatepark Design: Carve, Amsterdam

功能/Programmes: 公共空間（教堂廣場，有頂廣場，碼頭，公園，兒童區(qū)）/ Public Space: (Church Square,Covered Square, Marina, Park, Kid's zone)

購物/Shopping: 超市/Supermarket (fa?ade), 花和海鮮店/Flower/Fish Shop

面積/Size

公共空間/Public Space: 22,500 m2

購物區(qū)/Shopping: 1500 m2

預(yù)算/Budget: 2.1M EUR

狀態(tài)/Status

初步設(shè)計/Preliminary Design: 2003.11

一期竣工/Completion 1st Phase: 2005.05

二期竣工/Completion 2nd Phase: 2006.09

攝影/Photos: Dennis Moet (fig.2), Jeroen Musch (fig.3,17),Luuk Kramer (fig.1,15,16), NL Architects (fig.6-8,10-13,18)

繪圖/Drawings: NL Architects

7-8 滑板運動場和涂鴉墻/Skatepark and grafitti wall

Design and engineering company Carve developed the sophisticated skate park that features a "Mickey Mouse" shaped bowl.The pool is a kind of excavated blob that sits under the highway.It is build up from polystyrene blocks that are sliced by a computer-controlled foam cutter and sprayed over with concrete.This is a relatively new technology that allows incredible freedom in design.

The supermarket is clad in customised corrugated steel plates.The wavy panels were engineered with Prince Cladding and span from top to bottom in one stretch, over six metres.The intensified folding allows for extra stability.And it hopefully discourages the application of graffiti.

Redundant greenery was removed from the square in front of the Church that as such became much more attractive and usable.Markets and fairs can take place now and on Queens's day for instance it becomes a lively hangout.On the square,the original city plan is highlighted in a lighter brick and articulates in a Dogville kind of way the configuration of houses that used to be here.Wooden plateaus indicate the position of former living rooms.

The dense construction along the riverbanks prevents public interaction with the River Zaan.By introducing the mini harbour that is excavated from the land under the highway, the river connects to Main Street.It projects lively reflections onto the "ceiling".A jetty allows access to the first two columns in the stream.The Panorama Deck features wonderful views over the river.In an unexpected way, the elevated highway offers the opportunity to reconnect the village to the source of its existence.□

9 縱剖面/Longitudinal section

10-11 原狀/Starting point

12-13 混凝土教堂/Concrete cathedral

14 籃球場/Basketball fields

15 超市/Supermarket

16 字母柱/Letter columns

17 足球場/Soccer fields

18 使用空間的人們/People who are using the space