多媒體閱讀

Two years ago， I had a very straightforward reading pattern. Every few days， Id read a book. I would immerse myself in its characters and storylines， swim in its style， snatch up every opportunity throughout the day to return to its enveloping world. Then I would finish it， and start another one.

Things were so simple then.

I wish I could blame it on the Christmas eReader， but my evolution into schizophrenic multimedia literature butterfly started long before it landed in my lap–via iPod and Audible， Twitter and Gutenberg， and brick-like new-writing magazines that take weeks to digest. My reading has taken on a strangely driven， guilty quality， as I try to justify the cost of all those subscriptions and all that hardware by consuming fiction in an unprecedentedly multiplicitous and simultaneous way.Secretly， I long to return to a world in which I had a loving， stable relationship with one paperback at a time.

A day in my life as a literary butterfly starts at 7：30a. m.， with a few select paragraphs from the short story in last weekends Sunday papers over a morning cup of tea. By 8：30a. m.， Im fully plugged into my latest audiobook as I stride to the station. On the tube， its the rush to plough through the story and poems in the latest， expensively imported edition of the New Yorker， before next weeks lands on my mat. Throughout the day， I might catch up on a Twitter novel every few minutes， or check out the latest freemium offering from an enterprising new author. Back on the tube， I crack out the eReader， scroll past the 100 free books I havent even dipped into， and try to settle into the download I just had to buy to see if it worked. Finally， at bedtime， I open my book—my real， smelly， prefix-free book—and fall asleep， waking six hours later with ink on my face.

A recent study by Stanford Universitys Department of Psychology has （in the time-honoured fashion of research） told us something we know all too well： we children of the long tail economy pay the price of unlimited choice with the misery of the always-something-better-out-there syndrome. “Even in contexts where choice can foster freedom， empowerment， and independence”， says the studys author， Professor Hazel Markus， “it is not an unalloyed good. Choice can also produce a numbing uncertainty， depression， and selfishness.”

As psychologist Barry Schwarz puts it in his brilliant TED Talk on the Paradox of Choice， “theres no question that some choice is better than none， but theres some magical amount. I dont know what it is. Im pretty confident that we have long since passed the point where options improve our welfare.” And its true： I love the fact that I can download some great new authors self-published PDF onto my screen， that I can carry the electronic Riverside Chaucer wherever I go， that I can access almost any obscure old tome from Amazon marketplace and get the cream of the fictional crop delivered quarterly to my door. But its a long time since I experienced the intense pleasure of leisurely browsing; the careful selection and devoted reading of a single text. For me， reading has become a fractured competitive sport.

There is joy in this cornucopia of ways to consume quality literature， but there is also anxiety and loss—I feel like an alcoholic pushed into a permanently stocked bar， and I cant even taste the merlot because Im trying to down a tequila and sip a martini at the same time. Im dying to return to the mono-media of paper and glue. But Im just not sure that Im strong enough to resist the lure of that Dickens in my pocket; the new Jim Crace short story nestling in that mega-zine.

兩年前，我的閱讀方式很簡(jiǎn)單?；◣滋鞎r(shí)間讀一本書。我會(huì)把自己沉浸在人物和故事情節(jié)中，暢游于書的寫作風(fēng)格中，每天只要有時(shí)間，我都會(huì)回到那個(gè)被封存起來(lái)的世界。讀完這本后接著開(kāi)始讀另一本。

那時(shí)候就那么簡(jiǎn)單。

我希望我能歸咎于圣誕禮物——電子閱讀器，但早在擁有電子閱讀器前，我就開(kāi)始變成了一個(gè)“精神分裂”的多媒體文學(xué)讀者——通過(guò)隨身聽(tīng)、在線聽(tīng)書網(wǎng)站、推特和古登堡網(wǎng)站，還要花幾個(gè)星期來(lái)消化磚頭般的新作品雜志。我的閱讀變得多而雜亂，為了試著證明自己在訂閱書籍和購(gòu)買硬件設(shè)備方面的花費(fèi)物有所值，我以前所未有的多樣化、同步的方式閱讀書籍。其實(shí)我心里渴望回到從前的世界，每次只與一本書建立一段充滿愛(ài)而穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。

我這只“文學(xué)蝴蝶”的一天從早上七點(diǎn)三十分開(kāi)始，泡一杯茶，看幾段上周末周日?qǐng)?bào)紙上的短篇故事精選。八點(diǎn)三十分，在趕往車站的路上，我會(huì)戴上耳機(jī)，聽(tīng)最新的電子書。在地鐵上，我粗略瀏覽最新一期昂貴的進(jìn)口版《紐約客》上的故事和詩(shī)歌，為了趕在下周新刊到達(dá)前看完。這一天里，可能每過(guò)幾分鐘我就會(huì)查看推特上的小說(shuō)，或在免費(fèi)增值網(wǎng)站上查看某位野心勃勃的新作家的作品。搭地鐵回家時(shí)，我拿出電子閱讀器，忽略那100本還沒(méi)看過(guò)的免費(fèi)書，看看我購(gòu)買的書下載成功沒(méi)有。最后，睡前，我打開(kāi)書——我那真正的書，有著特殊味道、不帶前綴（e）的書——然后睡著，六個(gè)小時(shí)后醒來(lái)，墨水印在臉上。

斯坦福大學(xué)心理學(xué)院最近的一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期研究告訴我們?cè)缇褪熘难芯拷Y(jié)果：我們這些成長(zhǎng)于“長(zhǎng)尾經(jīng)濟(jì)”時(shí)代的孩子要為大量的選擇付出代價(jià)，我們的癥狀是“總有更好的東西”。“選擇給了我們更多的自由、權(quán)力和獨(dú)立性，即使在這樣的前提下，”該研究的發(fā)起人黑澤爾·馬庫(kù)斯教授說(shuō)，“這也不完全是件好事。選擇還會(huì)帶來(lái)令人麻木的猶豫、壓抑和自私?！?/p>

正如心理學(xué)家巴里·施瓦茨在TED上那場(chǎng)關(guān)于“選擇的矛盾”的出色演講中所說(shuō)，“有選擇當(dāng)然比沒(méi)選擇要好，但這其中有著某個(gè)奇妙的數(shù)量。我不知道是多少。我確信我們的選擇早就多得有損自身利益了?！贝_實(shí)是這樣：我很高興可以下載一些優(yōu)秀的新作者自己推出的PDF版作品到我的電子設(shè)備上，可以隨身帶著電子版的《河畔喬叟》，可以在亞馬遜商城買到任意一本晦澀的舊著作，可以訂閱一些精品小說(shuō)（每三個(gè)月送貨上門一次）。但我已經(jīng)很久沒(méi)有感受到閑適地翻閱書本的樂(lè)趣;細(xì)心挑選并身心投入地閱讀一本書。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，閱讀已成了一場(chǎng)碎片化的競(jìng)技比賽。

以這種豐富多樣的方式閱讀優(yōu)秀的文學(xué)作品固然能獲得愉悅感，但同時(shí)也有憂慮和失落——我感覺(jué)自己是一個(gè)酗酒者，被推進(jìn)了藏酒室，但我連梅洛的味道都嘗不到，因?yàn)槲以谘氏慢埳嗵m酒的同時(shí)又想嘗一口馬提尼酒。我渴望回到由紙張和膠水組成的單一媒體時(shí)代。但我不確定自己能否抵抗口袋里的狄更斯電子書和電子雜志上吉姆·克雷斯的新短篇小說(shuō)的誘惑。