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    走進(jìn)“非洲屋脊”埃塞

    2021-03-29 21:19:07沈海濱
    一帶一路報(bào)道 2021年6期
    關(guān)鍵詞:亞的斯亞貝巴埃塞埃塞俄比亞

    沈海濱

    埃塞俄比亞是一個(gè)位于非洲東北部的內(nèi)陸國家,地形以山地、高原為主。在這秋高氣爽的季節(jié),筆者的采風(fēng)腳步走進(jìn)了這個(gè)神奇的國度……

    說起埃塞,或許大家想到的是荒涼和貧瘠,然而當(dāng)我走進(jìn)她,遇見了一個(gè)又一個(gè)驚喜。歸納為一句話,那就是“非洲真美,美得令人驚奇”!

    埃塞俄比亞高原在埃塞的中西部,是一個(gè)平均海拔約3000米、在古老地層上覆蓋廣大玄武巖的波狀高原。高原上聳立著一座座海拔超過4000米的火山峰,宏偉壯麗。

    埃塞是世界上最不發(fā)達(dá)國家之一,經(jīng)濟(jì)以農(nóng)牧業(yè)為主,工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)薄弱。同時(shí),埃塞也是一個(gè)有著3000多年文明歷史的古國,是非洲第二人口大國,非洲聯(lián)盟成員國之一,非盟總部設(shè)在其首都亞的斯亞貝巴。

    亞的斯亞貝巴海拔約2500米,是非洲海拔最高的城市。這里雖靠近赤道,但氣候涼爽、四季如春。城市周圍峰巒起伏,關(guān)山重疊。進(jìn)入市區(qū),街道隨山勢起伏,道路兩旁奇花爛漫。城市里隨處可見尤加利樹,樹干修長、樹冠蒼郁。

    來到市中心革命廣場一帶,只見街道寬闊整齊,附近有許多辦公樓和公寓樓,離廣場不遠(yuǎn),是昔日的皇宮。在附近的一條花園式的林蔭大道兩旁,井然有序地分布著埃塞議會(huì)大廈、博物館、亞的斯亞貝巴大學(xué)等著名建筑。來到孟尼利克二世大街,廣場上豎立著孟尼利克二世身跨戰(zhàn)馬的高大銅像,廣場西南角的市政府大廳連接著通往火車站的大街,從北向南依地勢傾斜,兩旁商店林立、車水馬龍。

    讓埃塞人倍感自豪的是他們的顏值,每年在國際T臺(tái)走秀的非洲模特大都來自埃塞。百聞不如一見,來到此地后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)“美人窩”果然名不虛傳,姑娘面容姣好、身材苗條修長。

    次日,在當(dāng)?shù)嘏笥训耐扑]下,我們爬上了恩托托山,其山勢險(xiǎn)峻、峽谷縱橫,盡顯大自然的壯美。山中有多種珍稀動(dòng)物活動(dòng),最著名的當(dāng)屬現(xiàn)僅存于埃塞俄比亞高原的獅尾狒,它們以家庭為單位棲居于懸崖峭壁之上。

    埃塞的自然風(fēng)光和人文歷史讓人著迷,更有眾多的年輕人帶給這個(gè)國家生機(jī)。每天清晨在賓館門前的林蔭大道上都能看到練習(xí)長跑的青年男女,無怪乎埃塞的長距離競賽項(xiàng)目在世界比賽中總是名列前茅。我想這的確是一個(gè)出長跑選手的寶地,奔跑吧,埃塞!

    在首都的旅行結(jié)束后,我們驅(qū)車前往南方州,公路兩旁生長著獨(dú)具特色的非洲云杉樹和巨大的仙人掌。埃塞的民眾趕著小毛驢穿行在云杉樹間,在充足的高原日照下,便是活脫脫的一幅“印象派”繪畫,美不勝收。不一會(huì)兒,一座座大土堆出現(xiàn)在公路兩旁,當(dāng)?shù)厝烁嬖V我們那是“螞蟻山”,是著名的非洲一景。

    埃塞另一個(gè)著名城市拉利貝拉位于亞的斯亞貝巴北部約500公里處,從亞的斯亞貝巴乘飛機(jī)1小時(shí)即可到達(dá)。這里全是山區(qū),市區(qū)也在山里,堪稱“非洲奇跡”的拉利貝拉巖石教堂建筑群矗立在海拔約3000米的堅(jiān)硬石山上,在公元13—18世紀(jì),這里曾是埃塞俄比亞的文明中心。埃塞人在山上雕鑿出如此宏大的、綿延方圓十幾里地的教堂建筑群,著實(shí)令人震撼不已。

    快樂的時(shí)光總是短暫,埃塞之行結(jié)束后,我又將踏上新的旅途。

    When it comes to Ethiopia, you may think of barren and desolation. However, I met one surprise after another when I approached her. It can be summed up in one sentence: “Africa is really beautiful, amazingly beautiful”!

    The Ethiopian Highlands, of which most are part of central and western Ethiopia, is an undulating plateau with an average elevation of 3,000 meters and layers upon layers of basalt rocks over ancient strata. The magnificent plateau is dotted with volcanic peaks over 4,000 meters above sea level.

    Ethiopia is one of the least developed countries in the world, whose economy is based on agriculture and animal husbandry, with a weak industrial foundation. Ethiopia is also an ancient country with a civilization history of more than 3,000 years, the second most populous country in Africa and a member of the African Union, which is headquartered in its capital, Addis Ababa.

    Addis Ababa is at about 2,500 meters above sea level, making it the highest city in Africa. Although it is close to the equator, the climate here is cool and like spring all the year round. Around the city, there is a rugged mass of mountains. In the urban area, the roads run ups and downs with exotic blossoms on both sides. Eucalyptus trees, with long trunks and verdant, luxuriant crowns, can be found everywhere in the city.

    After our tour of the capital, we drove to the SNNPR along the road lined with distinctive African spruce trees and giant cacti. It is a vivid beautiful “Impressionist” painting that local people are driving donkeys through the spruce trees in sufficient highland sunshine. Soon, large mounds of earth appeared on both sides of the road, which the locals told us are “ant hills”, a well-known sight in Africa.

    Lalibela, Ethiopia’s another famous city, is about 500 kilometers north of Addis Ababa, just a one-hour flight away. The city, including the urban area, is all in the mountains. The Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela, considered the “Wonder of Africa”, stand on a rocky mountain at an elevation of about 3,000 meters. Here was the center of Ethiopian civilization from the 13th to 18th centuries AD. It is awe-inspiring to see such groups of gigantic churches the Ethiopians carved out of rock.

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