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Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air. However， a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run.

Many people say running in winter can be difficult. One reason is the low temperature.? Yet many runners might find it easier than running in hot weather. That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body. When you run in cold weather， your heart rate and the body’s dehydration （脫水） levels are lower than in warmer conditions.

This information comes from John Brewer， who is a professor of applied sports science at St Mary’s University. For this study， he and other researchers put a group of people into a special room. The researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room.? Brewer says he and his team recorded biological measurements of the runners.

He says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing. Wear gloves on your hands.? And especially， wear more than one layer of clothing to keep sweat away from your skin.

A. The other reason is the bitter winds.

B. We have good reasons to run in winter.

C. Wear shoes that will keep you from falling.

D. Don’t be nervous when you run in cold weather.

E. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather.

F. In fact， running in cold weather helps improve one’s performance.

G. The test subjects were asked to run 10，000 meters under both conditions each.

1. _______? 2. _______? 3. _______? 4. _______? 5. _______

2

Before the Second World War， lots of people around the world rode their bicycles—and then with the dawn of the 1950s， the automobile killed the cycling culture. In the 1960s Copenhagen was very polluted and crowded with cars. It took urban planners and politicians a long time to reclaim （改造） the streets of Copenhagen.

Rush hour in Copenhagen is when 45% of the population commute by bicycle to their places of work or study each day.? It looks very different there than in Canada， where there is a very low percentage of the population who ride bicycles.

The environmental concern is a minor part of what encourages people to cycle in Copenhagen.? Is there a linkage to cycling and why is Copenhagen often ranked the happiest city on the planet？

The Danish don’t have big monuments， but they have Hans Christian Andersen’s “Little Mermaid”， which is life-size. This captures the spirit of the city： laid-back， practical and responsible. Their monuments are big wind turbines （渦輪）.? There is much other renewable energy. They just need to look around mother nature’s playground.

Trees bring rain. When they sway in the wind， they purify the air.? When the leaves drop to the ground， they help the soil hold their shape for a long time—no matter how hard it rains. When you cut down trees for building or farming， the land and rivers dry up. The springs are gone， as is every living thing found that requires water to survive.

A. Now bikes outnumber cars.

B. They have energy available from the wind.

C. For them， it’s simply a better quality of life.

D. They take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

E. It takes more than geography to get people cycling.

F. This is the coolest bike project in the world right now.

G. Cycling in Copenhagen is an important means of travel.

1. _______? 2. _______? 3. _______? 4. _______? 5. _______

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Top 3 Self-Discipline Techniques

Self-discipline is the key to leading a healthier， happier and more successful life.? We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. Follow these self-discipline techniques to start living a better life.

Start small.

The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step， as the proverb goes.? Instead， stamina （耐力） is built up by doing a little more than the previous day’s target. The same goes for discipline. Start by trying to carry out self-discipline techniques little by little every day for big results. Increase your goals over time.

Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you haven’t made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of how much you’ve done and encourages you to keep going.

Exercise your willpower.

Some days， sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of the end in mind and how much the goal means to you， you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long-term gain.

The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective.? And it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life.

A. Measure your goals.

B. Build a support system.

C. However， it is easier said than done.

D. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand.

E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management.

F. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people.

G. You don’t train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day.

1. _______? 2. _______? 3. _______? 4. _______? 5. _______

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Social relationships can make a positive influence on the choices people make about their health and the support others provide can help people successfully face challenges.? To strengthen a relationship， both parties need to put time and effort into developing it and making it stronger.

Make the effort to be involved.

Without active involvement， personal relationships can stop. If you don’t make the effort to communicate， relate to one another， and be an active presence in each other’s lives， you could potentially lose the connection and understanding you once had.

Take responsibility for yourself.

In healthy and strong relationships， each person takes responsibility for personal feelings and needs. It means that instead of expecting that the other person will make you happy or feel loved， you learn to do this for yourself.? Blaming is a major source of discord （不和諧） in relationships.

It’s important to make your partner or family members happy， but you shouldn’t be doing so at the expense of your own wants and needs. Don’t be afraid to develop your own interests.

View your relationship as a journey.

All relationships are works in progress.? It’s valuable to think of a relationship as a journey that moves forward. If a relationship is truly important to you， you should give it up under no circumstances.

A. Set healthy boundaries.

B. Sacrifice yourself for the better of others.

C. Call， talk and see each other on a regular basis.

D. Join your friends if they invite you to do what you like.

E. Don’t blame someone else for things that are upsetting you.

F. There’s nothing you can do to suddenly create a strong relationship.

G. These benefits make it important to pay attention to the relationships you have with others.

1. _______? 2. _______? 3. _______? 4. _______? 5. _______

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Put on a New Set of Glasses for a New View

Today I visited San Francisco’s modern art museum. I was there to see a new exhibit about spaceflight.? I like to “visit” this particular painting every time I go to the museum not only because it evokes （喚起） strong feelings， but because I always find something new.

There’s real pleasure to be found in revisiting a museum， replaying a game or rewatching a movie. Some of that enjoyment comes from the feeling of familiarity， of course.? There’s always plenty more to see， hear， taste， smell， feel， or understand the second or third times around. But how do you discover the exciting new thing in the familiar？

One way is approaching whatever task is at hand by searching for the things that you didn’t see in the first time around. First， recognize that everything is always changing.? Second， remove judgment from the experience， if possible， and just observe what’s new.

That could mean removing sugar， coffee， a certain kind of media from your life for a specified time. Once the break is over， that same thing will have more of its former interest or excitement.? So it’s true that novelty is fun， but given enough of a break in between， repeated experiences regain that initial excitement.

A. Repeated experiences like this are valuable.

B. Visiting a new country brings fresh experience.

C. Coffee will never taste better if you quit it for a month.

D. But the piece of art that made me cry was a familiar one.

E. But it also comes from noticing new things in what is so familiar.

F. So the second experience is never exactly the same as the first one.

G. Another way is changing your routine and taking a break of some kind.

1. _______? 2. _______? 3. _______? 4. _______? 5. _______

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Curling （冰壺運(yùn)動(dòng)） is a winter sport， played on ice. Therefore， it’s most popular in northern countries like Canada. Curling is played in the USA by about 15，000 people.? Scottish winters were long and there were few forms of entertainment. So people began making a sport out of sliding heavy stones on the frozen lakes. The game spread， and in the 1700s curling clubs formed. Then Scottish soldiers brought it to North America.

Men， women， and children often compete on the same team， if they can slide a forty-pound stone down the ice. Both teams slide their stones toward the same goal. After all 16 stones have been cast， the team whose stone has slid closest to the goal gets one point.

The ice is so smooth and the stone is so heavy that even the smallest misjudgment in a throw can make the stone slide much too far or stop too suddenly.? Water helps the stone slide， but it can also change the stone’s path.

In curling， a broom is part of each player’s equipment. A good curler must know how much force to use. The player must know the exact conditions of the ice on the court.? That may explain why the international Olympic Committee decided to make curling an Olympic sport in 1998.

A. Players compete on the court.

B. Curling is played by teams of four people.

C. Then the play begins in the other direction.

D. In other words， a good curler must be a fine athlete.

E. The rules are easy to learn， but playing the game is hard.

F. The melting of the ice makes things tough for the curlers.

G. Curling probably began in Scotland in the 1500s or earlier.

1. _______? 2. _______? 3. _______? 4. _______? 5. _______

7

Many college students don’t know what they’re missing by not taking part in the student clubs and organizations that are offered at most colleges and universities. Taking part in one can be a rich and rewarding experience.? Check them out and see what’s available. Here are a few reasons why you should take part in student clubs and organizations.

◇ Meet new people.

It can be hard to meet new people in college， especially in your first year.

However， in a club， you’ll find yourself in a smaller group of people who likely share your interest.

◇ Help your major.

There are many student clubs and organizations for different majors and departments. Such clubs can be a lot of fun as well as a great academic resource for you. By joining an academic club you will probably have an easier time to know professors in your departments.

◇ Learn important leadership skills.

Student clubs and organizations can be a good way to learn important leadership skills that would look great on job applications.? These skills could be event planning， finance management， and so on. Find a club that you love being a part of and if you work hard you might be able to gain such a position.

◇

Lastly， student clubs and organizations can simply be a lot of fun. Make sure to take advantage of student clubs and organizations to make the most out of your time in college！

A. Have fun.

B. Never waste energy.

C. Class sizes can be big.

D. Take advantage of your major.

E. So don’t just walk past those tables during clubs week.

F. In a club， you will be able to gain other important skills.

G. And you might even get access to study help and other academic advice.

1. _______? 2. _______? 3. _______? 4. _______? 5. _______

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The negative thoughts inside your head can hold you back from making new friends， connecting with colleagues or sharing your brilliant ideas in meetings. For some people， these negative thoughts become too powerful and require professional attention.? The following are some tips to quiet your inner critic.

Label the voice. The voice does not define you. Just identify it as an independent entity （實(shí)體） and give it a name. Call it your unreliable speaker， your negative Nelly or your passive Bob.

Slow your breathing to calm your thoughts. Negative thinking can do a lot on your central nervous system， causing you to react physically.? Whatever your response―shaky hands， trembling voice， sweaty brow—a slow breathing in and a slower breathing out will help comfort the central nervous system.

It’s just a thought， and it’s just not that important—it’s irrational after all！? You don’t realize you’re empowering those thoughts， getting into a tug of war （拔河比賽） with them. You can choose to accept its presence in the moment and trust that it will pass.

All in all， don’t let that voice in your head tell you what to do.

A. Don’t waste energy fighting it.

B. Trust that the thought will pass.

C. Calm your central nervous system.

D. For others， these negative thoughts will pass very soon.

E. Naming the voice almost turns it into someone else talking.

F. Have you ever started getting negative thoughts and suddenly felt physically bad too？

G. For the majority， simple ways can stop them discouraging you from connecting with others.

1. _______? 2. _______? 3. _______? 4. _______? 5. _______

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