Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab

詞匯短語園地

1. aim? n.? 目標(biāo);目的;瞄準(zhǔn)

（1）aim用作名詞，表示“目的;目標(biāo)”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞;表示“瞄準(zhǔn)”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。

John has only one aim in life—to be a film star.

約翰一生只有一個(gè)目標(biāo)——成為電影明星。

Take careful aim at the lion.

仔細(xì)瞄準(zhǔn)那頭獅子。

（2）aim后常接at。

He took aim at the bird， but missed.

他向鳥瞄準(zhǔn)，但沒射中。

aim? v.? 瞄準(zhǔn);力求達(dá)到;力爭做到

He aimed his gun at the bird， but did not fire.

他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)鳥，但沒開槍。

（1）aim后一般接at doing sth，有時(shí)其后也接for，表示希望達(dá)到某個(gè)目標(biāo)。

They’re aiming at training everybody.

他們正力求做到人人得到培訓(xùn)。

We should aim for the best results.

我們要力爭取得最好的結(jié)果。

（2）aim后接不定式，表示“想要做某事”（有時(shí)可與aim at doing sth互換）。

He aims to become （= at becoming） a computer expert.

他想成為計(jì)算機(jī)專家。

（3）“實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”在英語中要用動(dòng)詞achieve，一般不用reach。

Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.

要讓每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。

2. equipment? n.? 設(shè)備;裝備

（1）equipment和facility都可譯作“設(shè)備;器材”，但equipment是不可數(shù)名詞，指用于某一特殊目的的東西、供給品、裝備等。如：a piece of equipment;basic kitchen equipment;medical/office equipment。

（2）facility是可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。facilities指為特殊活動(dòng)或目的所提供的種種便利，包括設(shè)施、場所和服務(wù)等。如：production facilities;facilities for study;facilities for travel;sports facilities;shopping/banking/ cooking facilities。

3. form? vi. & vt.? 形成;產(chǎn)生;養(yǎng)成;培養(yǎng)

n.? 形式;類型、表格

One of the most important tasks for a school is to help form a child’s character.

學(xué)校的一個(gè)最重要任務(wù)就是要幫助兒童形成個(gè)性。

Flowers appeared， but fruits failed to form.

開了花，但沒有結(jié)果。

The disease can take several different forms.

這種疾病可能有幾種不同的形式。

Music is not like most other art forms.

音樂不像其他多數(shù)種類的藝術(shù)類型。

fill out/complete a form? 填表

常用搭配：

form good habits? 養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣

4. boil? vt.? 煮;煮沸

The water was bubbling and boiling.

水在咕嚕咕嚕地沸騰著。

Boil plenty of salted water， and then add the spaghetti.

把足量的鹽水燒開，再放入意大利面條。

boil down? 煮濃;熬濃

boil up? 把（液體或食物）燒開

5. react? vi.? 起反應(yīng);（對(duì)……）做出反應(yīng);回應(yīng)

Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.

當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥?duì)這一消息表示憤怒。

How did Wilson react to your idea？

威爾遜對(duì)你的想法有什么反應(yīng)？

（1）react with? 和……起化學(xué)反應(yīng)/發(fā)生物理變化

Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.

鐵和水及空氣發(fā)生反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生鐵銹。

（2）react against? 反對(duì);反抗

He reacted strongly against artistic conventions of his time.

他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的藝術(shù)俗套。

6. astonished? adj.? 吃驚的;驚愕的

（1）be astonished at/by? 對(duì)……感到驚訝

I was astonished at his behavior.

我對(duì)他的行為感到十分驚訝。

（2）be astonished to find/hear/learn/see...? 吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)/聽到/知道/看見……

We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.

聽說他們的足球隊(duì)獲得了冠軍，我們很是吃驚。

（3）be astonished that...? 驚訝于……

She seemed astonished that I had ever been to Paris.

我曾去過巴黎，這似乎使她十分驚訝。

7. conclusion? n.? 結(jié)論

（1）come to/draw/reach a/the conclusion? 得出結(jié)論

I’ve come to the conclusion that he’s not the right person for the job.

我斷定他不適合做這項(xiàng)工作。

We can draw some conclusions from our discussion.

從討論中我們可以得出一些結(jié)論。

It took me some time to reach the conclusion.

我花了很長時(shí)間才得出結(jié)論。

（2）in conclusion? 最后;總之

In conclusion， I would like to thank you for all you have done for me.

最后，我要感謝你為我做的一切。

conclude? vt.? 斷定;推斷出;得出結(jié)論

8. used to do? 過去（常常）做某事

We’re eating out more often than we used to.

我們現(xiàn)在出去吃飯的次數(shù)比以前多了。

Did they use to play football？

他們過去經(jīng)常踢足球嗎？

（1）be used to doing sth? 習(xí)慣做某事

I am used to going to school by bus.

我習(xí)慣乘公交車去學(xué)校。

（2）be used to do? 被用來做（表示被動(dòng)）

Wood is used to make paper.

木頭被用來造紙。

9. add... to...? 往……加入……

If you add five to five， you get ten.

五加五得十。

Please add my name to the list.

請(qǐng)?jiān)诿麊紊霞由衔业拿帧?/p>

Will you add more sugar to your coffee？

你的咖啡要多加些糖嗎？

（1）add in? 包括;把……加進(jìn)去

Don’t forget to add me in.

別忘了把我也算上。

（2）add up to? 加起來等于;總計(jì)

The costs added up to 1，000 dollars.

費(fèi)用總計(jì)為1000美元。

（3）add to? 使（數(shù)量、程度）增加;使（規(guī)模）擴(kuò)大

The bad weather only added to our difficulties.

惡劣的天氣只是增加了我們的困難。

10. be supposed to? 應(yīng)當(dāng);理應(yīng)

在be supposed to中，to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，不是介詞，其后要跟動(dòng)詞原形。

（1）當(dāng)be supposed to的主語是“人”時(shí)，意為“應(yīng)該;被期望”，它可以用來表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。

Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car.

每個(gè)人在汽車?yán)锒紤?yīng)該系安全帶。

Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.

老師應(yīng)該對(duì)所有的學(xué)生一視同仁。

（2）be supposed to后接“have+過去分詞”，表示“應(yīng)該做某事而沒做（到）”。

You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now.

你現(xiàn)在本該已把作業(yè)交上來了。

He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.

他本該一小時(shí)前就到了。

（3）be supposed to的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為be not supposed to，意為“不被許可;不應(yīng)當(dāng)”。

You are not supposed to walk on the grass.

不準(zhǔn)踐踏草地。

You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.

你不應(yīng)該在公共汽車上吸煙。

11. be proud of? 為……感到驕傲/自豪

You will be proud of me.? 你會(huì)以我為榮的。

It’s nothing to be proud of.? 這沒有什么可驕傲的。

幽默小對(duì)話

A little boy did not like the look of the barking dog.

“It’s all right，” said a gentleman. “Don’t be afraid. Don’t you know the proverb： Barking dogs don’t bite？”

“Ah， yes，” answered the little boy. “I know the proverb， but does the dog know the proverb， too？”

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A

A South Korean man and the 21 ducklings he has been raising as his children ever since they hatched have been breaking the internet with their amazing bond. A video that recently went viral in the western world shows the cute birds following their “mother” on a mountain hike and listening to his every command （指令）.

The middle-aged man， whose name is not revealed in the video， has been taking care of his 21 ducklings ever since they were eggs， making sure the incubation （孵化） period went smoothly， and even helping the tiny birds break through their shell when it came time to hatch. He was the first thing they laid eyes on in this world， and he has remained the most important figure in their lives since.

Ducklings naturally follow their mother around， and since the man was the one who acted as their mother， these birds follow him everywhere， even up a mountain. To them it’s only natural， but the middle-aged man considers it training and conditioning for the time when he finally releases （釋放） them into the wild. He would love to raise them all as pets， but knows that wouldn’t be ideal for him or the birds， so he’s making sure that they are strong enough to survive in the wild.

The video shows the ducks following the middle-aged man as he hikes up a mountain outside Seoul， stopping whenever he does and refusing to follow anyone else， even if they give the same “l(fā)et’s go” command their human mother does. Unless they hear his voice and see him moving， they don’t budge. It’s actually quite remarkable. I mean， it’s one thing to see dogs acting like this， but ducklings？ That’s something else.

While it’s not clear what the man does for a living， I’m pretty sure he has a lot of experience with ducks， as at one point he reveals a certificate for “father of ducklings” dated 2005.

1. What can we learn from the video？

A. The ducklings just broke through their shells.

B. The man accidentally saved some ducklings.

C. The ducklings just obeyed the man naturally.

D. The man took pride in his ducklings.

2. What’s the man’s purpose of raising the ducklings？

A. To make a living by performing.

B. To film a video to attract attention.

C. To free them into the wild one day.

D. To make a contribution to a bird reserve.

3. What word can best replace the underlined word “budge” in Paragraph 4？

A. Stop. B. Move.

C. End. D. Fight.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. “Father” and “Mother” of Cute Pets

B. Man Raises Ducklings as His “Children”

C. Ducklings Also Regarded as Good Pets

D. Amazing Bond Between Man and Animals

B

British scientists have discovered the willow trees planted at an angle （角度） could increase sugars for biofuel production.

Willow is fast-growing. It is already used to produce fuels for the renewable heating and power market. In future it could also help to produce biofuel to power vehicles. It has been known that when willows growing in the wild are blown sideways they produce more sugars. But for a while it has not been known why this happens.

Researchers at Imperial College London， led by Dr Nicholas Brereton and Dr Michael Ray of the Department of Life Sciences， have now solved the mystery. When the tree is blown sideways， its genes （基因） produce large numbers of sugar molecules （分子） to straighten the tree upwards.

“This is an important breakthrough. Our study now shows that natural genetic changes are related to these differences. And this could well be the key to unlocking the future for green energy from willow，” said Dr Brereton.

The research was carried out under lab conditions. The willows were grown at an angle of 45 degrees. They were compared to willows which grow naturally straight upwards. The team then looked for the same effect among the willows growing on the Isle of Orkney where strong winds cause the trees to bend at extreme angles. They discovered that the Orkney trees produce five times the amount of sugars found in willows grown in sheltered conditions.

Willow is widely planted across the UK. The results show that biofuel crops such as willows could be grown in climatically challenging conditions where chances of growing food crops are limited.

The study is published in Biotechnology for Biofuels.

5. What may happen when willows are planted in strong winds？

A. They will stop growing.

B. They will grow sideways.

C. Few sugars will be produced.

D. Changes in genes will take place.

6. What can we learn from the text about the Orkney willows？

A. They are unusually rich in sugars.

B. They grow naturally straight upwards.

C. They look taller than ordinary willows.

D. They are stronger than those growing in labs.

7. Farmers living in challenging climate ___ .

A. use biofuel for heating and power

B. are encouraged to grow biofuel crops

C. can plant different kinds of food crops

D. should make their willows grow straight

8. Where does this text probably come from？

A. A personal diary. B. A newspaper ad.

C. A scientific journal. D. A travel magazine.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

Once upon a time there lived on the bank of a river a miller （磨坊主）. He was? singing happily. People all over the land liked to talk about his pleasant . At last the king? him.

“I’ll go down and? with him，” he said. “Perhaps he can tell me how to be .”

As soon as he stepped into the mill， he heard the miller ， “I envy （羨慕） nobody， for I’m as happy as I can be. And nobody envies me.”

“You’re ， my friend，” said the king. “I envy you， and I would gladly change? with you if I could only be as light-hearted as you are.”

The miller smiled， and? to the king. “I’m sure I couldn’t think of changing places with you， sir，” he said.

“Now? me，” said the king， “what makes you so? ?here in your dusty mill， while I， who am king， am sad and in? every day.”

The miller smiled and said， “I don’t know why you are sad， but I can? tell you why I’m glad. I earn my own bread， I love my family and my friends， and I don’t need to? a penny. Why should I not be happy？ For every day the river? my mill， and the mill grinds （碾碎） the? that feeds my family.”

“Say no more，” said the king. “ where you are， and be happy still. Your dusty cap is more valuable than my? crown. Your mill does more for you than my? can do for me. If there were more such men as you， what a good place this? would be！”

1. A. seldom B. never C. sometimes D. always

2. A. tastes B. holidays C. ways D. meals

3. A. heard about B. thought of

C. cared about D. learned of

4. A. work B. talk C. live D. walk

5. A. rich B. happy C. free D. polite

6. A. singing B. shouting C. laughing D. crying

7. A. weak B. rude C. foolish D. wrong

8. A. farms B. horses C. places D. seats

9. A. moved B. bowed C. pointed D. went

10. A. tell B. offer C. remind D. pass

11. A. busy B. poor C. cheerful D. kind

12. A. fact B. trouble C. silence D. danger

13. A. easily B. slowly C. quickly D. successfully

14. A. give B. spare C. borrow D. collect

15. A. cleans B. shakes C. washes D. turns

16. A. meat B. egg C. corn D. cake

17. A. Stay B. Sleep C. Study D. Lie

18. A. red B. new C. big D. golden

19. A. company B. office C. store D. kingdom

20. A. factory B. world C. village D. street

語法填空

Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain. They are also curious about? it is the same for both sexes. Now， the study has proved that for women，? （please） smells reduce pain. For men， there is almost no change.

Dr Finkelstein has been studying smells? 1999. He says that scientists have already collected data from 40 volunteers. He adds that this year， scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position? （analyze） the results.

One? （explain） is that women’s sense of smell is? （well） developed than that of men， and is linked to? （recognize） the smell of babies. Scientists? （use） to believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only. Now they have become? （convince） that the sense of smell also helps. However， why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains? puzzle for scientists.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

6.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 10.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A

Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look， smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses， while most animals use more than one sense.

Although there are many different types of food， some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage， even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However， most animals have a more varied diet （多樣化飲食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals， birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.

Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain， people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight， which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products， such as butter， can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food， therefore， has become an area of study in modern life.

1. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that humans and animals

___ .

A. depend on the same sense in choosing food

B. choose food by their look and smell

C. choose food in similar ways

D. eat entirely different food

2. What animal eats only one type of food？

A. The white butterfly. B. The small bird.

C. The bear. D. The fox.

3. When will animals change their choice of food？

A. The season changes.

B. The food color changes.

C. They move to different places.

D. They are attracted by different smells.

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph？

A. French and British food is good.

B. Food is chosen for a good reason.

C. Some people have few choices of food.

D. Some people care little about healthy diet.

B

Human beings use animals for a wide variety of purposes， including research. By studying animals， it is possible to learn information that cannot be learned in any other way. Animals are used in research when there is a need to find out what happens in the whole living body. There are four main reasons why animals are used in research.

Adding to scientific knowledge through basic biological research helps us understand how living things work， and use that understanding for the benefit of both humans and animals. The study of animals is an important part of the whole research process. The bodies of animals are like humans’ in the way that they perform many important functions such as breathing， movement， sight， and hearing. To treat disease， doctors and scientists must understand how the healthy body works.

Humans and animals share hundreds of illnesses， so animals can act as models for the study of human illness. For example， rabbits suffer from emphysema （肺氣腫）， a lung problem that makes it hard to catch their breath. Dogs suffer from cancer， bleeding disorders and so on. Cats suffer from some of the same vision loss as humans. From such models we learn how disease affects the body and more.

Once researchers learn more about a particular disease， animals are used to develop and test the treatments. For example， medicines for Parkinson’s disease have been developed by using animal models with Parkinson’s-like symptoms （癥狀）. Models such as these are an important part of using biological research to solve real medical problems.

New medicines need testing because researchers must test both the beneficial and the harmful effects of a medicine on a living body. A medicine must be tested in a suitable animal model before clinical trials （臨床試驗(yàn)） in humans can take place.

5. According to Paragraph 2， why are animals used in research？

A. They may be healthier than humans.

B. Their bodies are simpler than humans’.

C. They may have the same diseases as humans.

D. Their bodies are like humans’ in many functions.

6. How does the author support his statement in Paragraph 3？

A. By listing figures.

B. By giving examples.

C. By comparing humans with animals.

D. By showing some research findings.

7. The author mentions Parkinson’s disease to ___ .

A. introduce a new discovery of medicine

B. prove that animals have the same disease

C. explain how to use animals for testing new medicines

D. give more information about Parkinson’s symptoms

8. What can we infer from the last paragraph？

A. Testing a new medicine on animals is a must.

B. Not all new medicines can be tested in animals.

C. New medicines must be first tested in animal models.

D. Not all medicines have both beneficial and harmful effects.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀七選五

Evaluating Sources （來源） of Health Information

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation （評(píng)估）. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information， how to separate fact from opinions， how to recognize poor reasoning， and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.

Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported， and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.

Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.? Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true， probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.? Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully， and be aware of quackery（江湖騙術(shù)）.

Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration， but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A. Make choices that are right for you.

B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D. And examine the findings of the original research.

E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

完形填空

There was a time when Whitney didn’t have a lot of friends. She was a bit shy. She never really wanted to be popular，? did want to have someone to share secrets and laughs . All through high school，? she didn’t find a lot of comfort or companionship （友誼）.

When it came to going to college， Whitney? felt nervous. She was going to be rooming with a? classmate and living in a town 300 miles away from home. There wouldn’t be a single person she? in town. She had no idea? ? she was going to make friends in this new environment.

The first week of classes， something happened that Whitney’s life forever. In her English composition class， she was asked to share a little about herself. She? everyone where she came from and all of the other? details that students share in such . The final question for each student was always the same： “What is your? for this class？” Now， most of the students said it was to get a good ， pass the class or something similar， but for some ， Whitney said something entirely . She said that her goal was to make just one good friend.

While most of the students sat in silence， one student came to Whitney and? his hand and introduced himself. He asked if she would be his friend. The whole room was? —all eyes focused （聚焦） on Whitney and the hand extended just in front of her. She? and reached out to take his hand and a friendship was formed. It was a（n）? that lasted all through college. Whitney learned the? of asking for what she wanted， being honest and taking action.

1. A. but B. and C. so D. or

2. A. over B. with C. about D. in

3. A. besides B. instead C. though D. therefore

4. A. already B. just C. ever D. still

5. A. similar B. clever C. strange D. helpful

6. A. noticed B. knew C. expected D. minded

7. A. what B. when C. how D. that

8. A. controlled B. changed C. damaged D. upset

9. A. asked B. told C. answered D. reminded

10. A. funny B. ordinary C. usual D. formal

11. A. situations B. states C. conditions D. events

12. A. time B. story C. goal D. secret

13. A. friend B. chance C. grade D. job

14. A. sense B. way C. point D. reason

15. A. different B. interesting C. wrong D. exciting

16. A. put up B. lifted up C. took out D. held out

17. A. shocked B. silent C. active D. frightened

18. A. smiled B. stopped C. moved D. worried

19. A. doubt B. conclusion C. friendship D. impression

20. A. force B. balance C. power D. effort

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

The strength of TC Williams High School in Alexandria， Virginia is its diversity （多樣性）， says Shawn Lowe， a science teacher at the school. Her students are interested in doing science fair projects， but don’t have enough money to pursue them.

“Having equipment available allows every student to pursue their questions and carry out real science research， regardless of socioeconomic means，” she said.

Fortunately， a STEM Research Grant from the Society for Science & the Public has allowed Shawn to buy much-needed equipment. So far this year， she has supported 24 students as they completed projects to present at science fairs—three times the previous number of students.

“Without the grant， I would not have had the freedom to buy the equipment needed，” Shawn said. “The grant has directly influenced about 20 science fair projects that would otherwise not be available. It also provides opportunities this year for about 40 students， and will expand in the next few months as my students show what they are doing to elementary and middle school students， encouraging more students to carry out hands-on scientific inquiry，” Shawn said.

The STEM Research Grant also allowed Shawn to buy materials for a group of students to build a drone （無人機(jī)）. “Without these materials， we would not have been able to build a drone， and wouldn’t have had a project. The influence has been huge. With these materials， we have been able to create a machine that will be able to fly automatically （自動(dòng)地）. We are proud of it，” the students explained.

The grant may have directly affected these young scientists while they study at TC Williams High School， but its impact in their lives won’t end there. Many will go on to study STEM subjects in college， including the students who built the drone and who plan on becoming engineers.

1. What difficulty do the students have in doing science fair projects？

A. They are short of money.

B. They lack professional guidance.

C. They don’t get the support of the school.

D. They don’t have confidence after many failures.

2. What does the underlined word “grant” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean？

A. Money. B. Interest.

C. Agreement. D. Equipment.

3. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 5？

A. The drone. B. The influence.

C. The project. D. The grant.

4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？

A. How to become an engineer.

B. How to choose a suitable university.

C. The different choices of students after high school.

D. The great influence of doing science projects at school.

閱讀七選五

Be at Your Best！

What does your brain need to work well？ Here are some things it needs.

Good food

Experts say that breakfast is much more important than any other meal.? So don’t miss breakfast—especially before an exam！ But you need to eat a good breakfast—junk food won’t work.

A regular supply of energy

Your brain needs a regular supply of energy， so you need to eat carbohydrates （碳水化合物）. They are found in bread， rice， pasta and beans.? They work more quickly than bread and rice， so they give you a short burst of energy， but afterwards you feel more tired.

A continuous supply of oxygen

Your brain needs oxygen， which it gets from exercise.? You also need a good supply of iron because iron helps your blood to carry oxygen round your body.

Water

Not getting enough water will stop your brain from working well. And remember， water isn’t as expensive as sweet drinks！

Your brain needs several hours’ sleep， so it can “update” itself， just like a computer. Experts say that when you study for a test or exam， you should get some sleep as quickly as possible after you’ve finished studying. This helps you to remember what you’ve learnt.

A. A short break.

B. A good night’s sleep.

C. It works best in the morning.

D. Exercise improves your memory， too.

E. Water is much better than sweet drinks.

F. Your brain works better when you have eaten.

G. Chocolate， biscuits， and sweets are good for your brain.

1.?; ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

選詞填空

用方框里單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整。有兩個(gè)詞是多余的。

rust form react electricity facility aim

float liquid lecture contract boil flame

1. Be careful when using ____ equipment.

2. If you add too much ____ ， the mixture will not be thick enough.

3. I saw some fallen leaves ____ in the river.

4. You’d better keep the iron away from the water to avoid ____ .

5. What was your mother’s ____ to the news？

6. The ____ were growing higher and higher.

7. Professor Wang will give us two ____ tomorrow morning.

8. Ice ____ at the temperature of 0℃.

9. It’s a very high office building with modern ____ .

10. Do you want a（n） ____ egg for breakfast？

句子翻譯

1. 知道金屬如何與不同物質(zhì)反應(yīng)是很重要的。（react with）

2. 將來人類能住到月球上嗎？現(xiàn)在下結(jié)論還為時(shí)過早。（too… to）

3. 他為自己沒有放棄而感到驕傲。（be proud of）

4. 他過去住在巴黎，但現(xiàn)在住在北京。（used to）

5. 你應(yīng)該幾點(diǎn)到那兒？（be supposed to）

短文改錯(cuò)

In our life， we often regret what we did and which we couldn’t do. Actually， it doesn’t benefit us at all. As for most of us， we missed many chance to earn more money， to get a high position and to realize our dreams. We often regret that we don’t seize those opportunities， thus feel upset. Although we do know regretting the past is no benefit， but we still can’t help doing it.

To avoid the problem below， we need to pay more attention to what you are doing now， making us busier and having no time to recall the past. Moreover， we’d better set reasonably goals one by one. Only by doing so can we struggle for our future better.

書面表達(dá)

假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國朋友Tom最近對(duì)如何上好科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)課感到很困惑。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示，用英語給他寫一封電子郵件，就此給他提一些建議。內(nèi)容包括：

1﹒課前預(yù)習(xí);

2﹒課上仔細(xì)觀察;

3﹒課后認(rèn)真總結(jié)。

注意：

1﹒詞數(shù)100左右;

2﹒可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

3﹒郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Tom，

Nobel Prize

諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)

Nobel， born on October 21， 1833 in Stockholm， invented the nitroglycerine high explosive in 1867. He was successively engaged in the detonation technology and the synthesis material research in Sweden， Germany， France， England and Italy. He obtained 355 invention patents in his life， winning a very big property. Nobel died in Italy on December 10， 1896.

According to Nobel’s will， part of his inheritance， altogether $9，200，000， were put in bank as a fund， with interest every year （approximately $200，000） for the people making prominent contribution to physics， chemistry， biology， medicine， literature as well as cause of peace. In 1968， the economy prize was set up.

Every year on December 10 Nobel prizes were issued. According to the convention， physics， chemistry and the economy prizes are issued by Sweden Imperial Academy of Science. The biology prize or the medicine prize were issued by the Rollin Medicine Surgery Research Institute in Stockholm. The literature prize is issued by the Sweden Literary Academy. The peace prize is issued by Norwegian Parliament. Each awarding unit is equipped with a Nobel committee which is made up of five people responsible for evaluation. Nobel’s candidates were recommended by the academies of science， universities and the previous prize-winner around the world. The Nobel prize consists of a gold medal， a certification and a bonus.

諾貝爾于1833年10月21日出生于斯德哥爾摩，1867年發(fā)明硝化甘油烈性炸藥。他先后在瑞典、德國、法國、英國和意大利從事爆炸技術(shù)和合成物質(zhì)研究，一生共獲得355項(xiàng)發(fā)明專利，積累了一筆很大的財(cái)產(chǎn)。1896年12月10日，諾貝爾病卒于意大利。

根據(jù)諾貝爾的遺囑，他的遺產(chǎn)的一部分，共920萬美元，作為基金存入銀行，用每年的利息（約20萬美元）獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)給對(duì)物理、化學(xué)、生物學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、文學(xué)及在和平事業(yè)方面對(duì)人類有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人。1968年，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)增設(shè)了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

每年12月10日頒發(fā)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。按慣例，物理、化學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)三種獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)由瑞典皇家科學(xué)院頒發(fā);生物學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)由斯德哥爾摩羅林醫(yī)學(xué)外科學(xué)研究院頒發(fā);文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)由瑞典文學(xué)院頒發(fā);和平獎(jiǎng)由挪威議會(huì)頒發(fā)。每個(gè)授獎(jiǎng)單位設(shè)有一個(gè)由五人組成的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)委員會(huì)，負(fù)責(zé)評(píng)選工作。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的候選對(duì)象由世界各國的科學(xué)院、大學(xué)和前獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咄扑]。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)包括一枚金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)?、一本獲獎(jiǎng)證書和一筆獎(jiǎng)金。

3716500589236