特殊詞序、語序小結(jié)

王峰

一、詞 序

1. enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，一般位于被修飾的詞后;修飾名詞時(shí)，位于被修飾的名詞前后均可。另外，enough還常用于“主語 + be / v. + adj. / adv. + enough to do sth.”中。如：

She stayed there long enough.

We need enough time / time enough to practice.

2. 由no-，some-，any-，every-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞、副詞被形容詞或動(dòng)詞不定式等修飾時(shí)，形容詞和動(dòng)詞不定式等應(yīng)置于這些復(fù)合不定代詞、副詞之后。如：

I’ll think of somewhere to stay.

Is there anything important in today’s newspaper？

3. 由“動(dòng)詞 + 副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)名詞作其賓語時(shí)，該名詞既可以放在整個(gè)短語之后，也可以放在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間;但當(dāng)賓語是代詞時(shí)，該代詞只能放在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間。如：

Lin Tao，your toys are here and there，please put them away.

The machine didn’t work. I’ll have to ask someone to fix it up.

4. too much / much too：too much用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，中心詞是much;much too用來修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，中心詞是too。long before / before long：long before表示“很久以前”;而before long表示“不久的將來”。對(duì)于類似的詞組，同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中要注意及時(shí)歸納。如：

There’s too much snow and ice there in winter.

It’s much too cold today.

I had known her long before.

We’ll finish the work before long.

5. 表示“如此……”時(shí)，常用以下三種方式：（1）such a / an + adj. + n.（單數(shù)）或such + adj. + n.（復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)）;（2）so / too / rather / quite + adj. + a / an + n.或so / too / rather / quite + adj. / adv. + that…;（3）so + many / few / much / little + n.。如：

He is such a good teacher that we all love him. = He is so good a teacher that we all love him.

He’s quite a nice boy，really.

There are so many stars in the sky that none can count out.

Bob ate so much food that he couldn’t stand up.

6. 動(dòng)詞不定式否定結(jié)構(gòu)形式為“not to do sth.”或“never to do sth.”。要注意的是，在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中to可省略。如：

The teacher always tells us not to play football in the street.

Would you please not do that again？

7. 在英語中，表示“另外、再、又”意義的常用形式為“another + 數(shù)詞 + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”或“數(shù)詞 + more + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。如：

Please give me another five minutes. I will do it well.

I think we have time to dig five more holes.

8. 在英語中，表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)時(shí)，狀語應(yīng)按由“?。〞r(shí)間/地點(diǎn)）”到“大（時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)）”的順序排列。另外，時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，地點(diǎn)狀語在前，時(shí)間狀語在后。如：

I was born in a small village in Jiangsu in 1995.

9. 多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞時(shí)，常按這樣的排列順序：描繪性 + 長短 + 形狀 + 年齡 + 新舊 + 顏色 + 國籍 + 材料。如：

Those three beautiful large square old brown wood tables belong to them.

二、語 序

1. 一般而言，賓語從句總是由“引導(dǎo)詞（由連詞、疑問代詞或疑問副詞充當(dāng)）+ 陳述語序”構(gòu)成。如：

Could you tell me when the museum opens？

2. what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句語序?yàn)椋篧hat +（a / an）+ adj. + n. + 主語 + 謂語！how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句語序?yàn)椋篐ow + adj. / adv. + 主語 + 謂語！如：

What a beautiful girl she is！

How hard he studies！

3. so置于句首時(shí)，一般有兩種句型：（1）so + 主語 + 助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。表示同意對(duì)方所說的話。（2）so + 助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語。表示前面說的情況也適合其他的人或物。此外，neither / nor用于表示否定，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“neither / nor + 助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語“。使用以上句型時(shí)，要特別注意選用合適的助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞，并注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。如：

—You left the clothes outside all night long.

—Oh，so I did.

Tom didn’t pass the exam，and neither / nor did Jack.

4. 當(dāng)there或here位于句首時(shí)，主語和謂語完全倒裝，但主語是代詞時(shí)，則不用倒裝。如：

There goes the doorbell！

Here she comes！