• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Patent foramen ovale closure in non-lacunar cryptogenic ischemic stroke: where are we now?

    2021-03-03 07:32:40AdriARBOIXOlgaPARRAJosefinaALI
    Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年1期

    Adrià ARBOIX, Olga PARRA, Josefina ALIó

    1. Cerebrovascular Division, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor, Universitat de Barcelona,Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; 2. Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor, Universitat de Barcelona,Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; 3. Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat,Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    ABSTRACT Patent foram ovale (PFO) is the most common anatomical cause of an interarterial shunt. It is usually asymptomatic but may cause paradoxical embolism and is a risk factor for non-lacunar cryptogenic cerebral ischemia in young adults. Although the first clinical trials did not show a significant superiority of PFO closure in the secondary prevention of cerebral ischemia as compared with standard antithrombotic treatment, six subsequent randomized clinical trials (CLOSURE I, PC Trial,RESPECT, CLOSE, REDUCE, and DEFENSE-PFO) performed in a sample of cryptogenic stroke in patients aged 60 years or younger provided evidence of a significant reduction of recurrent cerebral ischemia after percutaneous PFO closure. However,the use of percutaneous PFO closure cannot be generalized to the entire population of patients with cerebral ischemia and PFO,but it is indicated in highly selected patients with non-lacunar cryptogenic cerebral infarction with a large right-to-left shunt, an atrial septal aneurysm and no evidence of atrial fibrillation, as well as in association with antithrombotic treatment for an optimal secondary prevention of cerebral ischemia.

    Patent foram ovale (PFO) is the most common anatomical cause of an interarterial shunt. It is usually asymptomatic but may cause paradoxical embolism or in situ thrombus formation in a PFO niche, which may be the cause of a cryptogenic stroke.[1-4]The prevalence of PFO in the general population across all ages is roughly 25% in autopsy and general adult population on agitated saline transesophageal echocardiography studies.[3]Therefore, the presence of PFO in patients with cerebral infarction is an insufficient evidence to establish PFO as the etiology of cerebral ischemia. However, the prevalence of PFO is remarkably high in patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke, particularly in young adults, compared to non-cryptogenic ischemic stroke or to healthy population.[5]

    Accordingly, it is indispensable to establish an adequate etiological diagnosis of cryptogenic stroke.[6]In different stroke data banks, the rate of cryptogenic stroke ranges between 10% and 40%. In the Sagrat Cor stroke registry of Barcelona, 12% of cerebral infarctions were cryptogenic (Table 1), and showed a differential cardiovascular risk profile in comparison with the remaining subtypes of cerebral infarction, with a lower frequency of classic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia.

    The diagnosis of cryptogenic cerebral infarction,ideally performed by a vascular neurologist, requires a precise clinical evaluation and work-up studies in order to exclude the different etiologies of cerebral infarction. The following subtypes of ischemic stroke should be excluded: large-vessel atherothrombotic infarction, embolic stroke of cardiac origin,[7?9]small-vessel lacunar infarction,[10]and cerebral ischemia of unusual cause including hematological disorders, arterial dissection, inflammatory arteritis, migraine-infarction complex, prothrombotic conditions or malignant diseases among other entities.[11]

    CLINICAL TRIALS AND META-ANALYSIS

    The initial clinical trials did not show a statistically significant superiority of PFO closure as compared to medical therapy for stroke prevention.[12-14]The first randomized clinical trial (CLOSURE I)[15]was published in 2012 and significant benefits of PFO closure in patients with cryptogenic stroke after 2 years of follow-up were not observed (5.5%eventsvs.6.8%,P= NS). In 2013, results of the PC Trial[16]in which the duration of follow-up was prolonged up to 4.1 years, did not show statistically significant differences between PFO closure and optimal antithrombotic pharmacological treatment(3.4% eventsvs.5.2%,P= NS). It should be noted that the primary end point in the CLOSURE I trial[15]was the presence of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), all-cause deaths within 30 days or neurological deaths, whereas in the PC Trial,[16]primary end points were death, stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or peripheral embolism.

    Table 1 Cardiovascular risk factors in cryptogenic stroke and other subtypes of ischemic cerebral infarcts in the Sagrat Cor Hospital stroke registry.

    In 2017, the results of the randomized clinical trial RESPECT[17]showed for the first time some benefits of PFO closure in selected patients with cerebral infarction and a more prolonged follow-up period(mean 5.9 years). However, in contrast to these preliminary results, data of three subsequent randomized controlled clinical trials[18-20]demonstrated an adequate efficacy in secondary prevention of cerebral ischemia, with a statistically significant reduction of the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with cryptogenic stroke undergoing PFO closure (Table 2). In the CLOSE clinical trial,[18]published in 2017, in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO associated with aneurysm of the atrial septum or large interarterial shunt, closure of PFO combined with antiplatelet therapy was statistically significant more effective than antiplatelet therapy alone in the prevention of recurrent stroke after a mean follow-up of 5.3 years. In the REDUCE clinical trial[19]also published in 2017, ischemic stroke recurrence and silent cerebral ischemia detected by neuroimaging studies were both assessed, showing an improvement in the group of patients with cryptogenic stroke treated with PFO closure in association with antiplatelet therapy (stroke recurrence rate 1.4%) as compared to patients treated with antiplatelet agents only (stroke recurrence rate 5.4%) at 3.2 years of follow-up. Results of the DEFENSE-PFO clinical trial[18]published in 2018 were consistent with data of the CLOSURE I trial. Patients undergoing transesophagic echocardiography with neurosonographic characteristics of high risk embolism due to the anatomical morphology of the PFO (presence of atrial septal aneurysm and/or hypermobility of the interatrial septum and/or large size of the interatrial shunt), ischemic stroke recurrences in patients undergoing PFO closure were not observed, with a statistically significant higher efficacy as compared with the control group.

    Safouris and co-workers[21]reported data providing information based on meta-analysis of these six major randomized controlled clinical trials (CLOSURE I, PC Trial, RESPECT, CLOSE, REDUCE, and DEFENSE-PFO trials) showing a statistically significant superiority of percutaneous closure of PFO with a right-to-left interatrial shunt compared to antithrombotic therapy alone in secondary stroke prevention by reducing recurrent non-lacunar cryptogenic ischemic stroke. A total of 37 recurrent ischemic strokes occurring among 1,889 patients randomized to PFO closure compared to 79 strokes among 1,671patients randomized to antithrombotic therapy (pooled risk ratio [RR] 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17?0.79,P= 0.01), corresponding to a number needed to treat (NNT) of 131 to prevent one recurrent stroke during one personyear of follow-up. Risk reduction was more pronounced in patients with high-risk atrial PFO (atrial septal aneurysm or large shunt). In these patients the pooled RR for PFO closure was 0.27 (P = 0.01),whereas there was a moderate non-significant trend for RR at 0.80 (P = 0.41) in patients with low risk anatomical features.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDY POPULATIONS

    Of note, the study populations included in randomized controlled clinical trials were highly selected patients, that is, patients with non-lacunar cryptogenic stroke and younger than 60 years of age.These patients had no presented TIA and PFO was the only potential source of embolism with no other evident source of stroke despite a comprehensive vascular, cardiac and serological evaluation.[22,23]It was noted, however, that the patients most likely to benefit were those with an associated atrial septal aneurysm (Figure 1) and/or a large right-to-left interatrial shunt (Figure 2).[24]Therefore, it is important to emphasize that benefits from PFO closure are extended to a small percentage of patients, being transesophagic echography the diagnostic technique of choice. Transcranial Doppler imaging may be used as an initial diagnostic screening modality.

    However, optimal patient selection criteria for percutaneous closure of PFO are still under investigation. PFO closure may be more effective in younger age groups. In a systematic review on longterm efficacy after closure of PFO for ischemic neurological events in young adults, Xu, et al.[5]concluded that younger patients under the age of 55 years with ischemic stroke/TIA benefit significantly from PFO closure.

    Despite a thorough investigation the etiology of ischemic stroke remains undetermined in almost 10-40% of cases.[2]There is accumulating evidence that occult atrial fibrillation is still the most common cause of cryptogenic stroke and should be excluded by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring for at least three consecutive weeks before planning closure of PFO.[25-27]Hematological disorders[11]with ischemic stroke as the presenting manifestation should also be discarded and biochemical testing would exclude arterial hypercoagulable states (e.g.,antiphospholipid syndrome and hyperhomocysteinemia), which are other causes of cerebral ischemia of unusual etiology. Accordingly, to rule out atrial fibrillation, underlying hematological disorders or even complex atheromatous aortic arch disease in ascending aorta or proximal arch (protruding with < 4 mm thickness, or mobile debris, or plaque ulceration) are mandatory for optimal patient selection criteria prior to PFO closure. Thus, it is advisable to establish multidisciplinary team discussion (consisting of a stroke neurologist, a cardiologist and a hematologist) to make decisions on PFO closure.[28]

    The presence of neuroimaging findings of lacunar ischemia (typically involving a cerebral perforating artery with an infarction of < 1.5 in diameter) responsible for the cerebral infarction, is a criterion largely used for excluding the indication of PFO closure, since small-vessel disease is caused by microatheromatosis or lipohyalinosis related to hypertension and/or diabetes in most of the cases.[29,30]Thus, the cumulative evidence indicates that there may be little or no benefit of PFO closure in patients with small deep infarcts (Figure 3).

    A NEUROLOGICAL APPROACH

    A classic but infrequent clinical cardioembolic presentation[8,13]in PFO include the onset of symptoms after a Valsalva provoking activity (coughing,bending, etc.) suggesting paradoxical embolism facilitated by a transient rise in right atrial pressure and the co-occurrence of cerebral and systemic emboli. Also, other very uncommon cases that allow establishing a cause-effect relationship between PFO and cerebral infarction include stroke related to air travel or the “economy class syndrome” (paradoxical embolism due to deep vein thrombosis in long-haul flights) or cerebral infarction associated with venous thromboembolic disease.[9]However, in most patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO without classic clinical manifestations, to determine whether PFO is the cause of stroke or whether it is an incidental finding remains unclear. The RoPe scale (Risk of Paradoxical Embolism score),[24]designed in 2013,may help clinicians to predict the risk of PFO in the presence of cryptogenic stroke. In contrast, low RoPE scores suggest an incidental PFO.[24]

    Figure 1 Transesophageal echocardiography showing an atrial septal aneurysm with wide mobility; one of the anatomical features associated with a high embolic risk in PFO. PFO: patent foram ovale.

    Therefore, not all cases of PFO needed to be closed in the setting of cryptogenic ischemic stroke.Echocardiographic features that increase the risk of stroke include large PFO size, large right-to-left shunt, spontaneous right-to-left shunt, greater PFO flap mobility, prominent Eustachian valve or Chiari network, and the presence of an atrial septal aneurysm. Patients who are candidates for PFO closure should have a transesophageal echocardiography to confirm that the intracardiac shunt is caused by a PFO, to define atrial septal anatomy and suitability for device closure, and to exclude other causes of embolic stroke or shunt.[24,31]Exclusions to percutaneous device closure include the presence of an inferior vena cava filter, elevated bleeding risk or coagulopathy, and vascular, cardiac, or PFO anatomy that is unsuitable for device placement.[28]Surgical closure is an alternative that is rarely required instead of percutaneous PFO closure, and it is only indicated when there is a need of concomitant heart surgery (e.g., valve repair) or when for technical reasons, percutaneous PFO closure is not feasible.[28]

    LIMITATIONS OF PFO CLOSURE

    In patients under 60 years of age, the treatment of choice is the use of antiplatelet agents only, except for cases with evidence of paradoxical embolism with deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or other thromboembolism, or in patients with a meaningful thrombophilia who are generally treated with anticoagulant agents.[32?34]

    Other limitations of PFO closure are associated with the risk of closure, such as: (1) 5% increase in the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in the device closure group (the most common adverse effect); (2)there are rare procedural complications including hematoma at the puncture site, device migration,device embolization, development of scar tissue,device erosion, atrial perforation with tamponade requiring surgical removal of the device or fistula formation or rarely create an atrial septal defect;and (3) rare potential long-term risk of aortic root dilatation and subsequent erosions caused by the implanted device; and d) rare potential formation of thrombi on the device with possible and recurrent ischemic stroke.[24,28]

    FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

    Optimal candidates for PFO closure are still not precisely defined. Trials only investigated patients of less than 60 years of age, so that it cannot be generalized to the entire population of patients with PFO. Future research lines should consider the conflicting evidence in older age groups (> 60 years),and there are currently no recommendations for the management of these patients as this segment of the population has been excluded from clinical trials.There is a lack of experience in very old patients (85 years old or more) or in the age group of 60?75 years which account for the highest prevalence of cerebral infarction in stroke registries.[34]

    All recent successful PFO closure trial did not include patients with TIAs to prevent “stroke mimics”. Studies focused on patients with lacunar cerebral infarction have not been carried out because this subtype of ischemic stroke is usually due to occlusion of a single penetrating artery as a result of microatheromatosis or lipohyaliosis. However, cryptogenic lacunar strokes account for 5?10% of lacunar infarctions and, in these cases, an embolic occlusion of perforating arteries could be another possible although unusual pathogenetic mechanism. Future studies may also focused on younger patients (e.g., <30 years of age) with a single, small, deep infarct, a large shunt and absence of any vascular risk factors related to intrinsic small-vessel disease, such as hypertension, diabetes or hyperlipidemia.[10]Consequently, studies of PFO and PFO closure in pediatric stroke populations and in selected patients over 60 years of age are also needed. Moreover,long-term term and large-scale safety registries for patients who have received PFO closure are required.

    CONCLUSIONS

    Percutaneous closure of PFO is indicated in highly selected patients with non-lacunar cryptogenic ischemic stroke in association with antithrombotic therapy. It is indispensable to emphasize the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, including smoking cessation, increase of physical exercise,and healthy diet) and strict control of blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and serum glucose levels.[35]

    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

    The Authors thank Alejandro Ruiz Majoral, MD,from the Service of Cardiology of Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (Barcelona) for the echocardiographic images, and Marta Pulido, MD, for editing the manuscript and editorial assistance.

    久久久久国产一级毛片高清牌| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看 | 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 男人操女人黄网站| 日日干狠狠操夜夜爽| 夜夜躁狠狠躁天天躁| 国产99白浆流出| 好男人在线观看高清免费视频 | 母亲3免费完整高清在线观看| 久久精品人人爽人人爽视色| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 色播亚洲综合网| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久| 国产成人欧美在线观看| 99久久综合精品五月天人人| 黄色视频不卡| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| 两个人免费观看高清视频| 欧美日本视频| 国产成人啪精品午夜网站| 国产精品爽爽va在线观看网站 | 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频 | 韩国av一区二区三区四区| 亚洲专区中文字幕在线| 欧美大码av| 男人操女人黄网站| 少妇裸体淫交视频免费看高清 | 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 日本五十路高清| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 亚洲欧美激情在线| 99国产精品一区二区三区| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 国产av一区在线观看免费| 久久久久久亚洲精品国产蜜桃av| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 精品国产乱子伦一区二区三区| 国产激情欧美一区二区| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 嫩草影视91久久| 久久中文看片网| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 精品欧美国产一区二区三| av片东京热男人的天堂| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 亚洲精品在线美女| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 99热只有精品国产| 欧美日韩亚洲综合一区二区三区_| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 精品久久久久久久久久免费视频| 国产1区2区3区精品| 国产精品免费视频内射| 最好的美女福利视频网| 99热只有精品国产| 大陆偷拍与自拍| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 亚洲精华国产精华精| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 欧美绝顶高潮抽搐喷水| 岛国在线观看网站| 日韩精品中文字幕看吧| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 亚洲伊人色综图| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 亚洲av熟女| 欧美人与性动交α欧美精品济南到| 欧美另类亚洲清纯唯美| 亚洲av成人一区二区三| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 亚洲一区二区三区色噜噜| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看| 欧美激情高清一区二区三区| 大香蕉久久成人网| 一区二区三区精品91| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码| 亚洲成a人片在线一区二区| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 熟妇人妻久久中文字幕3abv| 国产精品98久久久久久宅男小说| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 自线自在国产av| 搡老岳熟女国产| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 国产亚洲欧美在线一区二区| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 免费在线观看完整版高清| 国产精品精品国产色婷婷| а√天堂www在线а√下载| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 制服人妻中文乱码| 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 国产精品免费视频内射| 女同久久另类99精品国产91| 一级a爱片免费观看的视频| 欧美激情久久久久久爽电影 | 色综合婷婷激情| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 国产精品精品国产色婷婷| 日韩av在线大香蕉| 精品欧美国产一区二区三| 欧美丝袜亚洲另类 | 国产精品一区二区精品视频观看| 日韩欧美三级三区| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 乱人伦中国视频| 香蕉丝袜av| 久久这里只有精品19| 9色porny在线观看| 一进一出抽搐gif免费好疼| 黄色视频不卡| 成人国语在线视频| 国产精品免费视频内射| 国产黄a三级三级三级人| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 不卡av一区二区三区| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜 | 精品欧美国产一区二区三| 国产激情欧美一区二区| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 成人国产综合亚洲| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 久9热在线精品视频| 怎么达到女性高潮| av天堂在线播放| 香蕉丝袜av| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 亚洲国产精品合色在线| 日韩欧美三级三区| 免费在线观看亚洲国产| 亚洲av电影不卡..在线观看| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 国产精品国产高清国产av| 九色亚洲精品在线播放| 波多野结衣高清无吗| 亚洲av成人av| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 两人在一起打扑克的视频| 欧美最黄视频在线播放免费| 91字幕亚洲| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| 天堂动漫精品| 天堂√8在线中文| 午夜福利一区二区在线看| 国产亚洲欧美在线一区二区| 午夜亚洲福利在线播放| 99在线人妻在线中文字幕| 亚洲美女黄片视频| 丁香欧美五月| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影 | 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜 | 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 欧美日韩瑟瑟在线播放| 夜夜躁狠狠躁天天躁| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 韩国av一区二区三区四区| 久久久久国产精品人妻aⅴ院| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 中文字幕人成人乱码亚洲影| 久久婷婷人人爽人人干人人爱 | 一级毛片女人18水好多| 一本综合久久免费| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 国产精品1区2区在线观看.| 村上凉子中文字幕在线| 午夜福利免费观看在线| 99精品久久久久人妻精品| 亚洲色图综合在线观看| 黄色成人免费大全| 亚洲精品在线观看二区| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 国产成人影院久久av| 性欧美人与动物交配| 女人爽到高潮嗷嗷叫在线视频| 国产精品影院久久| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 国产色视频综合| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 又黄又爽又免费观看的视频| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| www.自偷自拍.com| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av在线| 国产精品一区二区三区四区久久 | 波多野结衣av一区二区av| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 国产色视频综合| 精品欧美一区二区三区在线| 美国免费a级毛片| 国产av在哪里看| 久久久久久大精品| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 精品午夜福利视频在线观看一区| 久久久国产精品麻豆| bbb黄色大片| 欧美大码av| 免费无遮挡裸体视频| 久久婷婷人人爽人人干人人爱 | 91九色精品人成在线观看| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| 成人三级黄色视频| 久久中文字幕一级| 青草久久国产| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| 91精品三级在线观看| 18禁裸乳无遮挡免费网站照片 | 天天添夜夜摸| 国产成人av教育| 中文字幕久久专区| 国产亚洲精品久久久久久毛片| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 国产精品免费视频内射| 免费在线观看影片大全网站| 亚洲熟妇中文字幕五十中出| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 亚洲第一欧美日韩一区二区三区| 啦啦啦韩国在线观看视频| 美国免费a级毛片| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区mp4| avwww免费| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 国产精品 国内视频| 91麻豆av在线| 国产亚洲精品一区二区www| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 日韩欧美免费精品| 久久久久九九精品影院| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 久久国产精品影院| 99re在线观看精品视频| 69av精品久久久久久| 中文字幕最新亚洲高清| 欧美日韩黄片免| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区| a级毛片在线看网站| 欧美国产日韩亚洲一区| 成人国产综合亚洲| 午夜福利欧美成人| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 桃红色精品国产亚洲av| 中文字幕人妻熟女乱码| 黄色丝袜av网址大全| 欧美绝顶高潮抽搐喷水| 国产av在哪里看| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 亚洲五月婷婷丁香| 国内久久婷婷六月综合欲色啪| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 亚洲av五月六月丁香网| 午夜免费观看网址| 一级片免费观看大全| 亚洲第一电影网av| 久久久久国产精品人妻aⅴ院| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 电影成人av| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| 国产成人啪精品午夜网站| 九色国产91popny在线| 国产精品国产高清国产av| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 真人一进一出gif抽搐免费| 91大片在线观看| 亚洲最大成人中文| 999久久久国产精品视频| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 老司机福利观看| 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| av电影中文网址| 久久人人精品亚洲av| 一个人观看的视频www高清免费观看 | 自拍欧美九色日韩亚洲蝌蚪91| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 欧美激情 高清一区二区三区| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 成年版毛片免费区| av有码第一页| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 不卡av一区二区三区| 一a级毛片在线观看| 大香蕉久久成人网| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 亚洲三区欧美一区| 久久久久久国产a免费观看| 在线观看日韩欧美| 免费观看精品视频网站| 亚洲伊人色综图| 久久久久久久精品吃奶| 国产aⅴ精品一区二区三区波| 999久久久国产精品视频| 日韩欧美免费精品| 欧美大码av| 一区二区三区高清视频在线| 免费人成视频x8x8入口观看| 手机成人av网站| 久久久国产成人精品二区| 一区二区三区激情视频| 国产成人精品在线电影| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 亚洲三区欧美一区| 黄色视频不卡| 亚洲成a人片在线一区二区| 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 中国美女看黄片| www日本在线高清视频| 天天添夜夜摸| av电影中文网址| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 国产亚洲精品综合一区在线观看 | 国产男靠女视频免费网站| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 久久精品91蜜桃| 日韩大码丰满熟妇| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 久久青草综合色| 国产精品久久久人人做人人爽| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| 国产一区在线观看成人免费| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 在线视频色国产色| av片东京热男人的天堂| av中文乱码字幕在线| 免费在线观看亚洲国产| 午夜福利18| 久久久久久亚洲精品国产蜜桃av| 日韩精品青青久久久久久| 一级作爱视频免费观看| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| 99在线视频只有这里精品首页| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 亚洲精品国产区一区二| 一区在线观看完整版| 激情视频va一区二区三区| 免费看十八禁软件| 亚洲熟女毛片儿| 中国美女看黄片| 一级a爱视频在线免费观看| 国产精品 国内视频| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 亚洲av熟女| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 曰老女人黄片| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 黄色成人免费大全| 午夜福利视频1000在线观看 | 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| ponron亚洲| 久99久视频精品免费| 午夜福利高清视频| 在线观看日韩欧美| 人人妻,人人澡人人爽秒播| 性少妇av在线| 美女免费视频网站| 日本在线视频免费播放| 免费在线观看完整版高清| 久久影院123| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3 | 久久香蕉国产精品| 国产亚洲精品av在线| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女| 好看av亚洲va欧美ⅴa在| 少妇裸体淫交视频免费看高清 | 老司机午夜福利在线观看视频| 国产成人系列免费观看| 亚洲av电影不卡..在线观看| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 多毛熟女@视频| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 国内久久婷婷六月综合欲色啪| av欧美777| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 亚洲成人久久性| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 久久久国产成人免费| 香蕉久久夜色| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 亚洲精品国产区一区二| 丝袜美腿诱惑在线| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 午夜a级毛片| 极品人妻少妇av视频| 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 一区二区三区国产精品乱码| 亚洲激情在线av| 可以免费在线观看a视频的电影网站| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 一个人观看的视频www高清免费观看 | 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 亚洲人成网站在线播放欧美日韩| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 多毛熟女@视频| 国产高清激情床上av| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 亚洲在线自拍视频| 午夜a级毛片| 久久久国产成人精品二区| 成人国产一区最新在线观看| 一级a爱视频在线免费观看| 国产精品二区激情视频| 欧洲精品卡2卡3卡4卡5卡区| 国产野战对白在线观看| 国产精品美女特级片免费视频播放器 | 九色国产91popny在线| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 在线观看www视频免费| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 亚洲国产欧美网| www.999成人在线观看| av天堂久久9| 亚洲片人在线观看| 少妇的丰满在线观看| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 午夜精品在线福利| 中文亚洲av片在线观看爽| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 国产免费男女视频| 91成年电影在线观看| 一级毛片精品| 正在播放国产对白刺激| 村上凉子中文字幕在线| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 中文亚洲av片在线观看爽| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 一级黄色大片毛片| 亚洲黑人精品在线| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| 亚洲狠狠婷婷综合久久图片| 亚洲色图综合在线观看| 亚洲精品美女久久av网站| 欧美久久黑人一区二区| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 国产精品免费一区二区三区在线| 99久久综合精品五月天人人| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频 | 欧美乱妇无乱码| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片| 亚洲欧美日韩高清在线视频| 亚洲激情在线av| 制服人妻中文乱码| 免费在线观看完整版高清| 亚洲欧美日韩高清在线视频| 99在线人妻在线中文字幕| 可以在线观看毛片的网站| АⅤ资源中文在线天堂| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 99在线人妻在线中文字幕| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 成人免费观看视频高清| 怎么达到女性高潮| 在线天堂中文资源库| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 国产午夜精品久久久久久| 亚洲色图综合在线观看| 女生性感内裤真人,穿戴方法视频| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 久久精品影院6| 久久青草综合色| 19禁男女啪啪无遮挡网站| 亚洲精品av麻豆狂野| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 99国产精品99久久久久| 国产精品爽爽va在线观看网站 | 人妻久久中文字幕网| 美女免费视频网站| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| av视频免费观看在线观看| 制服人妻中文乱码| 91精品三级在线观看| 怎么达到女性高潮| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 久久精品国产综合久久久| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 黄片大片在线免费观看| 激情视频va一区二区三区| a在线观看视频网站| 午夜两性在线视频| 日本 欧美在线| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 国产精品久久久久久人妻精品电影| 欧美绝顶高潮抽搐喷水| 免费女性裸体啪啪无遮挡网站| 搡老熟女国产l中国老女人| 制服丝袜大香蕉在线| 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 嫩草影院精品99| 国产免费男女视频| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| av在线天堂中文字幕| 国产色视频综合| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 一本久久中文字幕| 亚洲人成网站在线播放欧美日韩| 亚洲精品久久国产高清桃花| 精品国产超薄肉色丝袜足j| 亚洲成av人片免费观看| 每晚都被弄得嗷嗷叫到高潮| 三级毛片av免费| 午夜影院日韩av| 女人被狂操c到高潮| 国产又爽黄色视频| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 精品一品国产午夜福利视频| 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 一进一出好大好爽视频| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 精品久久久精品久久久| 午夜亚洲福利在线播放| 天天一区二区日本电影三级 | 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 丰满的人妻完整版| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 午夜免费观看网址| 国产在线精品亚洲第一网站| www.999成人在线观看| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 欧美精品啪啪一区二区三区| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 黄网站色视频无遮挡免费观看| 国产色视频综合| 精品人妻1区二区| 两个人看的免费小视频| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 很黄的视频免费| 在线免费观看的www视频| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 中文字幕人妻熟女乱码| 国产蜜桃级精品一区二区三区| 色综合婷婷激情| 亚洲五月婷婷丁香| 亚洲国产精品999在线| 国产激情欧美一区二区| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 国产野战对白在线观看| 脱女人内裤的视频| 少妇裸体淫交视频免费看高清 | 看免费av毛片| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 韩国精品一区二区三区| xxx96com| 一夜夜www| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠躁躁| 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 国产高清有码在线观看视频 | 男男h啪啪无遮挡| 99riav亚洲国产免费| 国产又爽黄色视频| 精品高清国产在线一区| 91国产中文字幕| 日韩精品免费视频一区二区三区| 黑人操中国人逼视频| 日韩高清综合在线| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 可以在线观看毛片的网站| 又大又爽又粗| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 窝窝影院91人妻| 久久精品91无色码中文字幕|