主題語境十八：自然

四川雙流中學(xué) 蔣建平（特級教師）

感知·素養(yǎng)解讀

在人類活動中，熱愛大自然、探索自然界的奧秘、保護大自然等都是我們永恒的主題，而學(xué)會了珍愛自然，也就學(xué)會了珍愛我們?nèi)祟愖约骸?“自然”主題包括人與自然的和諧相處、人在自然界的生存、動植物保護、生態(tài)保護、自然災(zāi)害以及環(huán)境污染和保護等方面。

“自然”主題的寫作通常有小說、科普文章、說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文等寫作形式，常用時態(tài)包括現(xiàn)在時、過去時與將來時等。 寫作中常用被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣。

關(guān)于“自然”主題的寫作常有以下幾個命題角度：

1. 介紹某地特殊自然現(xiàn)象；

2. 人與自然和諧相處話題；

3. 介紹颶風(fēng)的基本知識；

4. 介紹臺風(fēng)的基本知識；

5. 描述某一瀕危動物的現(xiàn)狀及呼吁人們關(guān)注；

6. 全球變暖問題；

7. 介紹某次大地震的破壞、影響等；

8. 介紹某次水災(zāi)的破壞、影響等。

探究·語庫構(gòu)建

語境串記

Cool koalas

When you think of a cute, furry wild animal, you often picture a koala. These adorable creatures appear docile and friendly, so it's no wonder people are concerned about the future of the species after the devastating bushfires that destroyed parts of Australia earlier this year. 1._______（lucky）, many survived, which gives us a chance to continue to learn more about these marsupials.

Australia's native and unique wildlife such as kangaroos, platypus and koalas, are 2.______constant threat from human activity and natural disasters. It's thought at least a billion animals lost their lives as a result of this year's bushfires. Recently, drones and thermal imaging technology 3.________（use） to track their movements to help them keep safe. Protecting these unique species is important because it is estimated that there are now possibly as few as 43,000 koalas in the wild.

So, what is so special about koalas and what makes them so “cool”? Maybe we envy their ability 4.________（sleep） for up to 22 hours a day! Or it could be their laid-back appearance due to the fact 5.______they are herbivores and mainly feed on juicy eucalyptus leaves, which take a lot of time and energy to digest.

What is amazing is that they often live in a dry and hot environment, and drink very little water.So, how do they survive? Well, scientists have discovered that these wild mammals lick 6.________（run） water off the smooth surface of a tree trunk when it is raining. This phenomenon is called “stemflow”. Behavioural 7.______（observation） in the wild are very important to establish what is normal and what is unusual, and to 8.________（true） understand what animals need. If we watch them carefully, they will tell us.

So, 9._______the word “koala” meaning “no drink” or “no water” in the Aboriginal language, it seems that even these 10.________（sleep） creatures do need a drink sometimes. And if we're to encourage them to flourish, we need to conserve their habitat.

萌酷的樹袋熊

當(dāng)你想到一只可愛的、毛茸茸的野生動物時，你常常會想到一只樹袋熊。 這些可愛的動物看起來溫順、友好，因此今年早些時候，毀滅性森林大火摧毀了澳大利亞部分地區(qū)后，人們會擔(dān)心這個物種的未來。 幸運的是，許多有袋類動物幸存了下來，這給了我們一個繼續(xù)了解這些有袋類動物的機會。

澳大利亞本土獨特的野生動物，如袋鼠、鴨嘴獸和樹袋熊，不斷受到人類活動和自然災(zāi)害的威脅。 據(jù)估計，在今年的森林大火中，至少有10億只動物喪生。 最近，無人機和熱成像技術(shù)被用來跟蹤它們的行動，以幫助它們保持安全。 保護這些獨特的物種非常重要，因為據(jù)估計，現(xiàn)在野生的樹袋熊可能只有43,000只。

那么，樹袋熊有什么特別之處，又是什么讓它們?nèi)绱恕翱帷蹦兀?也許是我們羨慕它們每天能睡22個小時！ 也可能是因為它們是食草動物，主要以多汁的桉樹樹葉為食，而這些葉子需要大量的時間和精力才能被消化，由此造就了它們慵懶的外表。

令人驚奇的是，它們經(jīng)常生活在干燥、炎熱的環(huán)境中，且很少喝水。那么，它們?nèi)绾紊?？好吧?科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)這些野生哺乳動物在下雨時會舔樹干光滑表面的流水。 這種現(xiàn)象被稱為“莖流”。 野外的行為觀察對于確定什么是正常的，什么是不尋常的，以及真正了解動物需要什么是非常重要的。 如果我們仔細觀察，它們會告訴我們的。

因此，盡管“樹袋熊”這個詞在澳大利亞土著語言中的意思是“不喝”或“不喝水”，但似乎即使是這些困倦的生物有時也需要喝一杯。 如果我們要鼓勵它們繁衍生息，我們需要保護它們的棲息地。

素材積累

（一）閱讀詞匯整合（明其義）

【核心單詞】

1. decrease 減少

2. destroy 毀滅

3. rescue 拯救

4. spoil 破壞

5. erupt v. 爆發(fā)

eruption n. 爆發(fā)

6. creature 生物

7. victim 受害人

8. endanger 危害；使遭危險

9. strike/hit （災(zāi)害）襲擊；發(fā)生

10. abundant 豐富的

【高頻短語】

1. die out 滅絕

2. keep the balance of nature 保持生態(tài)平衡

3. dig into 探尋；探究

4. escape from 從……逃出

5. go against nature 違背自然規(guī)律

6. come out 出來；長出

7. cut off the power/electricity 電力中斷

8. recover from the disaster 從災(zāi)難中恢復(fù)過來

9. live in harmony with nature 與自然和諧相處

【主題整合】

自然景觀

1. plain 平原

2. plateau 高原

3. mountain 山脈

4. stream 小河；小溪

5. waterfall 瀑布

6. gulf 海灣

7. island 島；島嶼

8. rainforest 雨林

天氣

1. sunny 陽光充足的；晴朗的

2. rainy 下雨的；多雨的

3. windy 有風(fēng)的；多風(fēng)的

4. cloudy 陰天的；陰云密布的

5. stormy 有暴風(fēng)雨的

6. snowy 下雪的；多雪的

7. cool 涼的；涼爽的

8. mild 溫和的；和煦的

自然災(zāi)害

1. flood 水災(zāi)

2. drought 干旱

3. landslide 塌方

4. tsunami 海嘯

5. typhoon 臺風(fēng)

6. hurricane 颶風(fēng)

7. snowstorm 暴風(fēng)雪

8. thunderstorm 雷雨；雷暴

9. tornado 龍卷風(fēng)

10. lava 熔巖；火山巖

11. volcano 火山

12. earthquake 地震

13. sandstorm 沙暴；沙塵暴

14. homeless 無家可歸的

15. fall down/collapse （房屋等）倒塌

16. be trapped in the ruins 被困在廢墟中

17. trigger landslides and other disasters 引發(fā)塌方及其他災(zāi)害

18. cause great damage 造成巨大損失

（二）寫作詞匯運用（悉其用）

根據(jù)漢語提示或用所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。

1. In spite of all this, the government_______________（號召） the whole nation to support the places hit by the worst disaster.

2. The city government took effective measures to protect______________（珍稀動物）.

3. Nowadays, natural disasters have been more widespread and more frequent, becoming very rapidly an increasing______________（威脅） to development.

4. In this activity, students have______________（增強意識） of environmental protection.

5. With the help of the_______________（救援隊）, people who were trapped in the flood were saved.

6. It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings_______________（倒塌） and roads were destroyed.

7. The whole city was______________（成為一片廢墟） after the earthquake.

8. In the past few hundred years, there have been frequent natural disasters, such as floods,_______________（干旱）, earthquakes, and new deserts.

9. A terrible earthquake hit my hometown yesterday,______________（cause）great damages.

10. Luckily, the soldiers came to help look for the_______________（幸存者） and dig out some people who were trapped in ruins and bury the dead.

（三）核心句型表達（精于表）

根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。

1. 至于我們的緊急物資，我們建議隨時保持手頭有足夠三天的水和食物、一臺收音機等。

譯法一：（簡單句）

譯法二：（含賓語從句）

譯法三：（含主語從句）

2. 在過去的四十年里，最強大的地震引發(fā)的一次海嘯在昨日撞向亞洲的海岸線，使印度尼西亞、印度、泰國、馬來西亞以及至少其他四個國家的6,500多人喪生。

譯法一：（簡單句）

譯法二：（并列句）

譯法三：（含現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語）

譯法四：（含非限制性定語從句）

3. 雞甚至豬都緊張得不能吃東西，狗也拒絕進入建筑物內(nèi)。

譯法一：（用too...to...句型）

譯法二：（用so...that...句型）

4. 這仿佛世界末日即將來臨!

譯法一：（簡單句）

譯法二：（用as if引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣）

實踐·主題測評

知識維度診斷評價

Ⅰ. 單句填空

1. If the disaster cannot defeat a person, it will help him succeed,_________fortune and misfortune are always closely linked. As for what you'll get, it depends on whether you keep standing.

2. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars__________（sweep） away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.

3. The undersea quake_________（strike）around 7：00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.

4. I was having breakfast with my three children_________water started filling my home.

5. The energy_________（spread） into the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!

6. Earthquakes happen without warning,and they can happen any time of a day, at any point during the year, but don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot________（feel）.

7. These old people have experienced all kinds of_________(suffer)in their difficult times.

8.__________(bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened.

9. A lot of houses and roads were destroyed,leaving a great many people_________（home）.

10. Many social organizations and people volunteered__________（donate） money to the earthquake-stricken area.

Ⅱ. 情境寫作

假定你是校報英語專欄的一名小記者。你校舉辦了一場關(guān)于地震自救知識的講座。請你用英語為校報寫一篇新聞報道，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 講座簡介；2. 收獲或感想。注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。