主題語境十六：熱點(diǎn)話題

四川雙流中學(xué) 蔣建平（特級(jí)教師）

感知·素養(yǎng)解讀

與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，熱點(diǎn)紛呈。熱點(diǎn)話題時(shí)代感強(qiáng)，體現(xiàn)語言傳遞信息的功能。隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們更多地放眼社會(huì)、國(guó)家、全球，關(guān)注人類命運(yùn)、國(guó)家前途與生命質(zhì)量等，如COVID-19、人工智能、太空探索、5G技術(shù)、全球變暖、節(jié)約能源、環(huán)境保護(hù)、交通問題等。

課標(biāo)中“熱點(diǎn)話題” 涉及的主要內(nèi)容有：（1）Population；（2）Environmental conservation；（3）Crime and punishment； （4）Social differences；（5）Pollution。

考生在寫“熱點(diǎn)話題”主題文章時(shí)，應(yīng)該對(duì)

探究·語庫構(gòu)建

文章有很強(qiáng)的整體把握能力和分析問題、解決問題的能力，同時(shí)合理調(diào)動(dòng)和利用在生活中所積累的有關(guān)知識(shí)提出有建設(shè)性的意見。作文包括四個(gè)部分：現(xiàn)象—成因—優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)—觀點(diǎn)。 各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)之間要注意邏輯和銜接，應(yīng)用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡句。

“熱點(diǎn)話題” 主題的寫作命題者可能從以下8個(gè)主要角度命題： 交通與環(huán)保、COVID-19、5G技術(shù)、環(huán)境問題、人工智能、安全意識(shí)、節(jié)約食物與健康飲食、自然災(zāi)害描述。

語境串記

Convenience vs health: The takeaway dilemma

Feeling hungry? If you're feeling famished, what's the easiest way 1.________（cope） with your hunger? Many of us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious but possibly unhealthy food. And our 2._______（increasing） busy lives add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.

Eating 3.______（option） are endless, and new technology means we can feed our cravings at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make 4.______（order） food quick and convenient,and during the recent novel coronavirus crisis, they provided a lifeline to those 5.______（stick） at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for themselves. It's estimated that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants. A study shows that the 6._______（frequent） of takeaways ordered is expected to increase in the future.

It's no wonder we are tempted to skip the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and tuck into something 7.______someone else has prepared. But ordering a deep crust pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much 8.________（process） and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity and the risk of developing certain metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. It 9.________（survey） that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.

Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But the best advice is to find a recipe book and try making your own nutritious meal. And if you haven't got time, try ordering 10.______healthier alternative from the menu.

圖省事還是保健康？ 點(diǎn)外賣的糾結(jié)

感覺餓嗎？ 如果你感到饑餓，最簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)對(duì)饑餓的方法是什么？ 我們中的許多人會(huì)拿起外賣菜單，點(diǎn)一些美味，但可能不健康的食物。 而且我們?nèi)找婷β档纳钜苍黾恿速?gòu)買現(xiàn)成的食物或送貨上門的需求。

飲食選擇是不計(jì)其數(shù)的，新技術(shù)意味著我們只需按一下按鈕就可以滿足我們的欲望。外賣送餐軟件使訂餐變得快捷、方便。 在最近的新型冠狀病毒危機(jī)中，這些軟件為那些困在家里沒有東西可做或缺乏為自己做飯技能的人提供了一條生命線。 據(jù)估計(jì)，僅在英國(guó)，人們每天要吃300萬份外賣，人們可以從三大外賣軟件的6萬家餐廳中選擇100種菜肴。 研究表明未來外賣訂單的頻率預(yù)計(jì)還會(huì)增加。

難怪我們不想去雜貨店購(gòu)物，繞過廚房，去吃別人準(zhǔn)備好的東西。 但是，點(diǎn)一份厚底比薩、一份辛辣咖喱或一盒面條，既要付出經(jīng)濟(jì)上的代價(jià)，又要付出身體上的代價(jià)。 吃太多加工過的、 不健康的快餐對(duì)肥胖有一定的影響， 并有可能患上某些代謝和心血管方面的疾病。 調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)人平均每周吃兩天快餐。 但是，在16到20歲的人群中，六分之一的人每天至少吃兩次快餐。

當(dāng)然，減少鹽、糖和脂肪是使外賣食物更健康的一種方法，同時(shí)提供更小的分量。 但是，最好的建議是找一本食譜，試著自己做一頓營(yíng)養(yǎng)餐。 如果你沒有時(shí)間，試著從菜單上點(diǎn)一個(gè)更健康的替代品。

素材積累

（一）閱讀詞匯整合（明其義）

【核心單詞】

1. challenge v. & n. 挑戰(zhàn)challenging adj. 挑戰(zhàn)性的

2. explore v. 探索exploration n. 勘探；探索

3. cover 報(bào)道；遮蓋

4. breakthrough 重大進(jìn)展；突破

5. universe n. 宇宙universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；全世界的

6. launch v. 發(fā)射(導(dǎo)彈、火箭等) n. 發(fā)射；下水launcher n. 發(fā)射器

7. selfie 自拍

8. takeout/takeaway 外賣

9. onlooker 旁觀者

10. WeMedia 自媒體

11. photobomb 搶鏡

12. E-sports 電子競(jìng)技

【高頻短語】

1. give a like 點(diǎn)贊

2. online payment 網(wǎng)絡(luò)支付

3. off the charts 爆表

4. mobile payment 移動(dòng)支付

5. face scan payment 掃臉支付

6. facial identification/recognition 人臉識(shí)別

7. mass texting 群發(fā)短信

8. online teacher/tutor 在線教師

9. reality show 真人秀

10. sharing economy 共享經(jīng)濟(jì)

11. copy cat 山寨品

12. flesh search 人肉搜索

13. square dancing 廣場(chǎng)舞

14. die-hard fan 鐵桿粉絲

15. online car-hailing 網(wǎng)約車

16. group buying 團(tuán)購(gòu)

17. online rumor 網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言

18. taxi-hailing app 打車軟件

【主題整合】

網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)

1. download 下載

2. intelligent adj. 智能的intelligence n. 智力

3. process 加工；處理

4. signal 信號(hào)

5. update 更新；使現(xiàn)代化

6. be addicted to 沉迷于……

7. have an effect on/upon 對(duì)……有影響

8. log in/on 登錄；進(jìn)入

新冠疫情

1. coronavirus 冠狀病毒

2. pneumonia 肺炎

3. vaccine 疫苗

4. disinfect 給……消毒

5. symptom 癥狀

6. be infected with 感染

7. the COVID-19 epidemic 新冠肺炎疫情

8. face mask 口罩

9. confirmed case 確診病例

10. suspected case 疑似病例

11. close contact 密切接觸者

12. under medical observation 進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)觀察

網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播

1. TikTok 抖音

2. social media influencer 網(wǎng)紅

3. direct broadcast 直播

4. network anchor 網(wǎng)絡(luò)主播

5. direct broadcasting room 直播間

6. online platform 網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)

7. social media 社交媒體

8. streaming online 在線直播

9. follow/unfollow 關(guān)注/取關(guān)

10. flood/explode the screen 刷屏

11. attract followers 圈粉

科技與創(chuàng)新

1. innovation 創(chuàng)新

2. shopping online 網(wǎng)購(gòu)

3. high-speed railway 高鐵

4. artificial intelligence （AI） 人工智能

5. 5G technology 5G技術(shù)

6. big data 大數(shù)據(jù)

7. ability to innovate 創(chuàng)新能力

冬奧會(huì)

1. volunteer 志愿者

2. Winter Olympic Games 冬奧會(huì)

3. be proud of... 以……為豪

4. a feast for... 一場(chǎng)……的盛宴

5.unprecedented opportunities 前所未有的機(jī)會(huì)

6. host country 主辦國(guó)家；東道主

（二）寫作詞匯運(yùn)用（悉其用）

根據(jù)漢語提示或用所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。

1. The development of science and technology has______________（帶來） many changes in people's lives.

2.Through the study of_____________（人工智能）, it can resolve some scientific problems.

3. He is not only a_____________（網(wǎng)紅）, but also a teacher.

4. An increasing number of experts believe that_____________（移 民） will exert positive effects on the construction of city.

5. However, this opinion is now______________（question） by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and drugs.

6. Any government which_____________（忽視） this point, may pay a heavy price. （blind）

7. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of_____________（挨餓） and exposure.

8. In the last decades,_______________（先進(jìn)） in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

9. Environmental experts point out that the increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as_____________（全球變暖） but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

10. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to_____________（持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖） for decades or centuries.

（三）核心句型表達(dá)（精于表）

根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。

1. 低碳生活指在生活的各個(gè)方面盡量減少所耗費(fèi)的能量，從而降低二氧化碳的排放量。

譯法一： （含so as to結(jié)構(gòu)的目的狀語）

譯法二： （定語從句）

2. 我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成良好的生活習(xí)慣，盡量不用一次性紙杯，這樣可以防止樹木被砍伐。

譯法一：（并列句）

譯法二：（現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語）

3. 我們應(yīng)該重視生活中容易忽略的可能對(duì)環(huán)境有害的不良習(xí)慣。

譯法一：（含what引導(dǎo)的主語從句）

譯法二：（定語從句）

4. 我們有責(zé)任調(diào)整自己的生活方式，為創(chuàng)造更美好的生活環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)。

譯法一：（含動(dòng)詞不定式）

譯法二：（it作形式主語）

實(shí)踐·主題測(cè)評(píng)

知識(shí)維度診斷評(píng)價(jià)

Ⅰ. 單句填空

1. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life, but it's___________（risk） to make friends and shop online.

2. It remains a question how we can solve the problems____________（concern） making friends online.

3. The problems that Internet has brought to us do exist,___________we have to be rational.

4. As for the government, it should take strong measures to punish those___________cheat people online.

5. When it comes to the young___________（study） further abroad, many parents hold the view that children can have more chances to receive better education.

6. The 28-year-old Li Jiaqi's maverick（特立獨(dú)行的） sales technique has won him the nickname“Lipstick Brother No. 1”. Once an unassuming shop assistant___________（earn） a modest salary in Nanchang in south-east China, he now has more than 40 million followers on Douyin.

7. In today's world, the Belt and Road Initiative____________（propose） by China is a powerful economic project and a project developing international ties in various fields.

8. There is also 35-year-old Wei Ya, whose 1 April sale of a rocket launch on Taobao amazed the nation and attracted international publicity. So much so that Taobao had to issue a___________（state）to confirm the sale was real and not an April Fools' joke.

9. In view of the____________（serious） of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

10. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less___________（leisure） than in the past.

Ⅱ. 情境寫作

針對(duì)我們生活中嚴(yán)重的浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象，特別是餐飲浪費(fèi)，我們應(yīng)予以重視和思考。 請(qǐng)以此為話題，寫一篇關(guān)于浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象的文章。 其中包括下述要點(diǎn)：

1. 簡(jiǎn)述生活中的浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象；

2. 浪費(fèi)的危害；

3. 你對(duì)反對(duì)浪費(fèi)的看法。注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右;

2. 開頭已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Time to stop wasting

It has been well acknowledged that wasting is a worrying phenomenon among the public.