埃里克 · 歐文 · 莫斯

簡介 Biography

埃里克?歐文?莫斯出生于加利福尼亞州的洛杉磯，并在那里長大。他在加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校取得文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，并在加州大學(xué)伯克利分校環(huán)境設(shè)計學(xué)院和哈佛大學(xué)設(shè)計研究生院取得建筑學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。

埃里克歐文莫斯建筑師事務(wù)所于1973年成立。該事務(wù)所總部位于卡爾弗城，目前已經(jīng)完成了美國和世界各地的項目。還出版了22部關(guān)于該事務(wù)所工作的專著，EOMA項目獲得了140多個地方，國家和國際設(shè)計獎項。莫斯還獲得了許多著名的榮譽，包括：1999年美國藝術(shù)和文學(xué)學(xué)院建筑獎；2001年美國建筑師協(xié)會金獎；2003年加州大學(xué)伯克利分校杰出校友獎；2007年阿諾布魯納獎，表彰杰出的建筑設(shè)計歷史；2011年英國皇家建筑師協(xié)會詹克斯獎；2014年美國國家科學(xué)院入職培訓(xùn)；2016年奧地利總統(tǒng)在霍夫堡宮舉行的儀式上授予其奧地利科學(xué)和藝術(shù)榮譽勛章；2017年中國鄂爾多斯北斗大師獎；2019年瓜達拉哈拉Arpafil獎。

《時代》雜志將維斯珀丁列為2018年世界上最值得參觀的地方之一，并在2020年“連接點——新城”上獲得了美國建筑師協(xié)會廿五周年建筑作品獎。根據(jù)美國建筑師協(xié)會的說法，“廿五周年建筑作品獎”給大家展示了開創(chuàng)先例的建筑。該獎項授予一座經(jīng)過25-35年時間考驗的建筑，并繼續(xù)為其建筑設(shè)計和意義設(shè)定卓越的標準。埃里克?歐文?莫斯還獲得了芝加哥雅典娜博物館，歐洲建筑藝術(shù)設(shè)計和城市研究中心頒發(fā)的2020年美國建筑獎。該獎也被稱為路易斯?亨利?沙利文獎，是為了表彰那些“在美國建筑史上給予新方向”的杰出美國實踐者。

莫斯曾在世界各大高校任教，包括哈佛大學(xué)、耶魯大學(xué)、哥倫比亞大學(xué)、維也納應(yīng)用藝術(shù)大學(xué)和哥本哈根皇家學(xué)院。他長期擔任南加州建筑學(xué)院（SCI-Arc）教授，并在2002-2015年間擔任院長。2013年，莫斯獲得美國未來設(shè)計學(xué)會頒發(fā)的“最受尊敬的教育家獎”，2006年獲得“美國建筑師協(xié)會教育家獎”。

Eric Owen Moss was born and raised in Los Angeles, California.He received a Bachelor of Arts from the University of California at Los Angeles, and holds Masters Degrees in Architecture from both the University of California at Berkeley, College of Environmental Design and Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design.

Eric Owen Moss Architects was founded in 1973.The Culver City-based officehas completed projects in the United States and around the world.There are 22 published monographs on the work of the office, and EOMA projects have garnered over 140 local, national, and international design awards.Moss has received numerous prestigious honorsincluding: Academy Award in Architecture from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1999; AIA|LA Gold Medal, 2001;Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of California, Berkeley, 2003; Arnold W.Brunner Memorial Prize, recognizing a distinguished history of architectural design, 2007; Jencks Award by the Royal Institute of British Architects, 2011; National Academy induction, 2014; Austrian Decoration of Honor for Science and Art from the Austrian President during a ceremony at Hofburg Palace, 2016; Beidou Master Award in Ordos, China, 2017; Arpafil Award in Guadalajara, 2019.

Time Magazine listed Vespertine as one of the World’s Greatest Places to Visit in 2018, and in 2020 Conjunctive Points – The New City was awarded the AIA Twenty-five Year Award.Per the AIA, “the Twenty-five Year Award showcases buildings that set a precedent.The award is conferred on a building that has stood the test of time for 25-35 years and continues to set standards of excellence for its architectural design and significance.” Eric Owen Moss was also awarded the 2020 American Prize for Architecture from the Chicago Athenaeum and European Centre for Architecture Art Design and Urban Studies.The prize, also known as the Louis H.Sullivan Award,recognizes offices and practitioners that have “emblazoned a new direction in the history of American Architecture.”

Moss has held teaching positions at major universities around the world including Harvard, Yale,Columbia, University of Applied Arts in Vienna, and the Royal Academy in Copenhagen.He has been a longtime professor at the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), and served as its director from 2002-2015.He received the Most Admired Educator Award from the Design Futures Council in 2013, and The AIA|LA Educator of the Year in 2006.

建筑創(chuàng)造的三種理論 Three Theories to Make Architecture

佩內(nèi)洛普 天空之洞 有軌電車

佩內(nèi)洛普是奧德修斯的妻子。她一直在等待丈夫的歸來，在一群不懷好意的追求者的追逐下，佩內(nèi)洛普為萊爾提斯的葬禮織了一件裹尸布。白天織，晚上再把它拆開。織了拆，拆了又織。前進一步又后退一步。提前完成又返工。完成后又有未完成的。

這就是“佩內(nèi)洛普理論”。這就是建筑。

從前有個薩克斯管演奏家，他住在一個名為伯克利的大學(xué)城的地下室里。當他演奏他的音樂時，混合的聲音擴展了他的音域，超出了他曾認為他的世界的極限。天空被刺穿。天空之上，是另一片天空。另一片天空被戳破了，在那之外還有一片天空。如此持續(xù)。沒有極限。這就是“天空之洞”。這就是建筑。

19世紀時出現(xiàn)了美商。為我們提供了一些新興的東西。一種我們不知道的物質(zhì)。一種我們不認識的形式。無拘無束。我們必須將該部件添加到建筑的詞典中。不是將其作為一種意識形態(tài)。也不是一種對產(chǎn)生它的技術(shù)過程的吹捧。而是現(xiàn)代故事的一部分。一個豐富的視覺庫。將其加到曲目里。

這就是“有軌電車理論之美”。這就是建筑。

Penelope Hole in the Sky Railroad Car

Penelope is Odysseus wife.Long awaiting the return of her husband, pursued by a group of malevolent suitors, Penelope knits a shroud for Laertes’ funeral.Knits it during the day.Takes it apart at night.Assembly and disassembly.Progress and regress.Advance and retreat.Finish and unfinished.

The Penelope Theory.That’s architecture.

There once was a saxophone player who lived in a basement in a college town called Berkeley.As he played his music the admixture of sounds extended his range, exceeded what once appeared to be the limits of his world.The sky was punctured.And there was another sky above.And that was punctured and there was yet another sky beyond that.And on and on.No limits where limits had been.

The Hole in the Sky Theory.That’s architecture.

The 19th century added to the beauty quotient.Offered something nascent.A materiality we didn’t know.A form we didn’t recognize.Unfettered.We have to add that component to architecture’s lexicon.Not as ideology.Not as adulation for the technical process that produced it.But a piece of the contemporary story.A rich visual repository.Add it to the repertoire.

The beauty of the Railroad Car Theory.That’s architecture.