三步巧解七選五段中題

劉娟

七選五的段中題通常有3～4道，為幫助考生突破七選五的段中題，我們總結(jié)了以下三步，供參考。

第一步，聯(lián)系上下文，明確設(shè)空作用

段中句一般有承上、啟下、承上啟下和體現(xiàn)文段結(jié)構(gòu)四種作用?？忌煽焖贋g覽設(shè)空位置上下1～2句，理清上下文關(guān)系，明確此空在段中的作用。如：

1.（2019年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question： “Should I jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. ________ Like the child on the diving board， you will stay undecided.

2.（2019年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Recently， people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. ________In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.

3.（2021年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. ________ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.

4.（2013年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）One is the establishment（制定）of broad basic policies with respect to production， sales， the purchase of equipment， materials and supplies， and accounting. ________ The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments.

分析

第1題，上句提到“動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)設(shè)定是同一硬幣的不同面”，這句話僅是二者關(guān)系分析的開始，并未說(shuō)完，而下句轉(zhuǎn)而呼應(yīng)前文提到的事，故設(shè)空句與上句關(guān)系更緊密，起的是“承上”作用。

第2題，上句是本段的總述，開啟一個(gè)新話題：自然世界和治愈的關(guān)系。下句指出具體地方的治愈作用，故設(shè)空起的是引出下文的“啟下”作用。

第3題，上句“作者與丈夫在巴黎度過(guò)了一周”，營(yíng)造在巴黎生活的大背景，下句列舉到巴黎后做的第一件事，故設(shè)空用以將大背景與小事件聯(lián)系起來(lái)，起“承上啟下”的作用。

第4題，上下兩句分別以O(shè)ne和The third開頭，故設(shè)空位置一定包含“二”“第二”或“其次”這樣的字眼。此空體現(xiàn)“文段結(jié)構(gòu)”的作用。

從近五年真題來(lái)看，段中句承上啟下作用的考查最為突出，考生不僅需要聯(lián)系上文，還要參看下文。而文段結(jié)構(gòu)的作用或因難度較低而未考查，但并不意味著未來(lái)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。

第二步，圈出關(guān)鍵詞，鎖定相關(guān)選項(xiàng)

明確設(shè)空作用后，圈出關(guān)聯(lián)句和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以此鎖定選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)確定一般參考代詞指代、詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)、語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)三種方法。

（2021年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.? ? ? 36? ? ? So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

The place wasn’t entirely authentic， though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment， the plumbing（水管）worked.? ? ? 37? ? ? Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said，“Ouverture des portes，”in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered， and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.

Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago， they eat great food and never gain weight.? ? ? 38? ? ? French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead， they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.

39? ? ? On our first morning in Paris， I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18！

In France， quality of life is much more important than efficiency.

You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded.? ? ? 40? ? ? When do these people work？ The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.

A. Not all the customers are tourists.

B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.

C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.

D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians.

G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.

分析：本題考查了4道段中題，分別為36、37、38和40題。

第36題，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的Parisian與設(shè)空上句的Paris是同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，且live和設(shè)空上句的spent a week及下句的apartment同屬一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)。故36題初步鎖定答案F項(xiàng)。

第37題，C項(xiàng)中kitchen，bed和設(shè)空上句apartment，plumbing及下句的lift同屬一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng);而nice，comfortable和下句的perfect屬于同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故初步鎖定37題選C項(xiàng)。

第38題，設(shè)空上句eat，food在D，E，G三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都有復(fù)現(xiàn)，且great和D選項(xiàng)amazing及G選項(xiàng)so delicious屬于同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。再結(jié)合段中題承上啟下的作用看，由于上下兩句圍繞“美味的法國(guó)食品”展開描述，因此D中l(wèi)ocal farmers和E中reason屬于無(wú)關(guān)信息，可排除。故初步鎖定38題選G項(xiàng)。

第39題，前段講“吃得好不胖”是因?yàn)椤俺缘蒙伲ú挥贸蕴啵?，本段末句“但是它們?8美元”即東西貴，這是本段的重點(diǎn)，故本段是解釋吃得少的另一個(gè)原因“東西貴”，與E項(xiàng)符合。（E項(xiàng)中that指代前句中的“味美不用吃太多”）

第40題，A項(xiàng)中customers和設(shè)空上句French cafés同屬一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)，且下句的these people恰好指代A選項(xiàng)not all the customers，故初步鎖定40題選A項(xiàng)。

綜上所述，在鎖定選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要綜合代詞指代、詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)、語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)三種方法，逐字逐句對(duì)選項(xiàng)和設(shè)空上下兩句進(jìn)行分析，有時(shí)還要結(jié)合設(shè)空作用和排除無(wú)關(guān)信息的方法確定答案。

第三步，還原原文，核查答案

初步確定答案后，還需將選項(xiàng)還原到原文中，思考選項(xiàng)與上下文是否存在合理的邏輯聯(lián)系。這些邏輯聯(lián)系一般包括順承關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系四種。如：

分析：上面的36題，將選項(xiàng)F代入原文后，既與上句形成了順承關(guān)系，又與下句的so形成了因果關(guān)系。邏輯通順，故確定答案為F項(xiàng)。同理，第37，38，40題，將選項(xiàng)C、G、A分別代入，都與上下句形成了合理的順承關(guān)系。又如：

1.（2019年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷） Remember that goals are flexible. ________ They also need to be measurable.

（答案：E. They can change according to circumstances.）

2.（2017年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷） I was， nevertheless， talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. ________ Instead， we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.

（答案：A. This time there was no tent.）

分析：第1題，將選項(xiàng)E代入原文后，和下句一起對(duì)上句的goals進(jìn)行了解釋說(shuō)明，構(gòu)成解釋關(guān)系。第2題，選項(xiàng)A的tent和下文的pop-up camper構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

考生在解答七選五段中題時(shí)，切不可心急，需對(duì)設(shè)空作用、選項(xiàng)與上下文的關(guān)鍵詞、上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系一步步進(jìn)行分析。想要做好以上三步，平時(shí)除了廣泛閱讀外，要有意識(shí)地積累同義和同語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)的詞匯，還要勤于思考語(yǔ)篇邏輯和句間聯(lián)系，唯有這樣才能在考場(chǎng)中快速準(zhǔn)確地完成七選五。