竹海古鎮(zhèn) 偃王故里

方俊 羅意 劉佳蓓

千年風(fēng)雨，白石古城。龍游溪口鎮(zhèn)歷史悠久，西周時(shí)期即有人定居。秦王政在公元前222年于姑蔑之地署太末縣。唐高祖武德四年，置縠州，又析置太末、白石二縣;八年廢縠州，白石入信安里，仍遺婺州。白石縣位于縣南三十五里白石山處，因白石山山石純白，縣以此得名。白石縣域東連太末，西至金華，北接太末，南攘遂昌，縣衙位于鎮(zhèn)區(qū)西北處?！短藉居钣洝肪碇攀摺督系谰?· 衢州》、萬(wàn)歷志卷之一《輿地 · 沿革》等文獻(xiàn)均有記載。

溪口借助于水陸交通的便利優(yōu)勢(shì)，最終成為重要的文化商業(yè)中心，是古時(shí)龍游的商貿(mào)重鎮(zhèn)。素有“竹海古鎮(zhèn)、偃王故里”美稱，先后被評(píng)為浙江省小城鎮(zhèn)綜合改革中心鎮(zhèn)、全國(guó)綠化造林百?gòu)?qiáng)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，是省政府確定的浙江省200個(gè)中心鎮(zhèn)之一，衢州市9個(gè)全國(guó)重點(diǎn)鎮(zhèn)之一，也是衢麗（衢州、麗水）“美麗經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”必經(jīng)節(jié)點(diǎn)。溪口鎮(zhèn)黨委、政府高度重視，積極響應(yīng)上級(jí)戰(zhàn)略部署，編制溪口鎮(zhèn)“千年古城”復(fù)興試點(diǎn)工作計(jì)劃，積極申報(bào)第二批千年古城復(fù)興試點(diǎn)。

作為一個(gè)擁有上千年歷史的古鎮(zhèn)，厚重的歷史底蘊(yùn)是溪口最大的特色，其遺存的歷史文化建筑、工業(yè)歷史建筑、人文地標(biāo)、商幫文化、徐偃王“仁義” 文化、“金蘭”文化、奮斗精神文化等構(gòu)成了溪口豐富的文化內(nèi)涵。好地方孕育好人才，溪口自古地靈人杰，先后出現(xiàn)徐偃王、劉章、勞景賢等幾十位人才。鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)文物古跡底蘊(yùn)豐富，擁有省、縣三級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位10個(gè)，是展現(xiàn)地域魅力的窗口。該鎮(zhèn)是第六批浙江省歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)，溪口村是全省第五批歷史文化（傳統(tǒng)）村落保護(hù)利用項(xiàng)目?jī)?yōu)秀村。

古鎮(zhèn)沿著靈山江而建，具有獨(dú)特的空間形態(tài)格局。放眼四望，有明清古建筑30余棟，分布在古街兩側(cè)。有古商鋪、古作坊和古民居。建筑整體形式、尺度、色彩具有典型江南地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格，既有徽派建筑特色，又融入龍游地方文化個(gè)性，古商鋪、古民居精雕細(xì)作，用材考究，部分建筑取材碩大，做工精細(xì)，傳統(tǒng)磚雕、木雕非常普遍。內(nèi)容豐富有特色的建筑風(fēng)格，形成了天然的建筑博物館。

老城新貌，美麗城鎮(zhèn)。歷史文化街區(qū)改造提升、新城開發(fā)建設(shè)和鄉(xiāng)村振興高質(zhì)量發(fā)展加快推進(jìn)。鎮(zhèn)區(qū)小城鎮(zhèn)環(huán)境綜合整治工程全面完成，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施顯著完善，全力完成潔化、綠化、亮化、序化。歷史文化核心區(qū)基本構(gòu)建完成，溪口歷史文化街區(qū)和靈山歷史文化街區(qū)，恢復(fù)和構(gòu)建古城原有街區(qū)歷史風(fēng)貌和人文風(fēng)情。以“溪口公社，快樂(lè)老家”為主題，黃泥山小區(qū)為核心，建設(shè)輻射溪口乃至龍南“一鎮(zhèn)三鄉(xiāng)”的全省首個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村版未來(lái)社區(qū)正式投入使用，集優(yōu)良宜居、創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)、鄰里和睦、智慧治理于一體。圍繞打造承載溪口記憶的千年古城目標(biāo)，加大對(duì)古城的保護(hù)與挖掘力度，保護(hù)好歷史文物，讓亟待保護(hù)的文物“活下去”，讓已經(jīng)保護(hù)的文物“活起來(lái)”。溪口老街歷史建筑等有物質(zhì)形態(tài)的文化場(chǎng)所保護(hù)，在保護(hù)中有序推進(jìn)古城開發(fā)。

著眼擦亮古城文化基底，挖掘方山茶、斷頭龍、徐偃王廟會(huì)等非遺文化遺產(chǎn)，追溯各類文化的生命周期和表現(xiàn)形式。積極謀劃建設(shè)科技含量較高的溪口非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)展示館、徐偃王文化園等項(xiàng)目，提升溪口居民和游客對(duì)千年古城文化的知曉度和認(rèn)同感。對(duì)老街和歷史文化街區(qū)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃建設(shè)，已完成溪口歷史文化街區(qū)一期、二期以及靈山歷史文化街區(qū)的規(guī)劃建設(shè)，天妃宮古建修復(fù)，加快推進(jìn)老街三期沿街和沿江立面改造、禹王廟和八字門廳修復(fù)工程，老街再現(xiàn)昔日繁華。

利用本土文化特色，大力開展有禮指數(shù)主題實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。舉辦以運(yùn)動(dòng)、黨建、親子為主題的研學(xué)活動(dòng)。大力發(fā)展竹運(yùn)會(huì)、長(zhǎng)桌宴等特色文化活動(dòng)，打響“百人長(zhǎng)桌宴”“花樣竹運(yùn)會(huì)”“熱鬧夜集市”系列品牌，文化旅游品牌影響力不斷提升。

瞄準(zhǔn)建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化浙西新明珠的總目標(biāo)，打響“衢州有禮、天下龍游”城市品牌。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)千年古城復(fù)興工作，統(tǒng)籌加強(qiáng)遺跡保護(hù)、文化傳承、產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型、民生改善和環(huán)境提升，打造生態(tài)宜居、水清景美、安居樂(lè)業(yè)的美麗古城，浙江“千年古城”復(fù)興計(jì)劃中的浙西明珠。

在保護(hù)中開發(fā)、在開發(fā)中傳承、傳承中提升，推動(dòng)保護(hù)、開發(fā)、傳承相得益彰，實(shí)現(xiàn)千年古城高質(zhì)量復(fù)興。立足溪口獨(dú)特資源優(yōu)勢(shì)和文化特色，以千年古城、商旅重鎮(zhèn)、美麗城鎮(zhèn)為總體定位，全力打造全省獨(dú)具魅力的傳統(tǒng)文化復(fù)興名城。

——千年古城。依托“商幫文化、徐偃王‘仁義’文化”的文化地位，以溪口歷史文化古街區(qū)、靈山歷史文化古街區(qū)、溪口鄉(xiāng)村未來(lái)社區(qū)“兩街一社區(qū)”為核心，充分挖掘文化資源，打造以白石縣治風(fēng)情為底色、非遺傳承為特色，老字號(hào)商鋪、鄉(xiāng)愁民宿、地域特色餐飲為主要業(yè)態(tài)，集山魂水韻文脈鄉(xiāng)愁于一體的特色古城。

——龍南重鎮(zhèn)。發(fā)揮區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)，重點(diǎn)促進(jìn)溪口與沐塵、廟下、大街“一鎮(zhèn)帶三鄉(xiāng)”聯(lián)動(dòng)發(fā)展，積極發(fā)展精品農(nóng)業(yè)、竹木加工、休閑養(yǎng)生等產(chǎn)業(yè)，著力打造產(chǎn)業(yè)興旺的龍游南部重鎮(zhèn)。

——美麗城鎮(zhèn)。以打造龍游縣域副中心為目標(biāo)，以溪口鄉(xiāng)村未來(lái)社區(qū)為引擎，探索新時(shí)代城鄉(xiāng)融合高質(zhì)量發(fā)展模式，從智慧城市、品質(zhì)城市、文明城市三個(gè)維度，推動(dòng)溪口高質(zhì)量建設(shè)美麗城鎮(zhèn)，全面改善社會(huì)民生，提升數(shù)字化、精細(xì)化管理水平。

到2025年，實(shí)現(xiàn)溪口鎮(zhèn)全領(lǐng)域、全方位的復(fù)興，彰顯千年古城在新時(shí)代的新風(fēng)貌新風(fēng)采，在歷史遺存保護(hù)、傳統(tǒng)文化傳承弘揚(yáng)、社會(huì)民生改善、生態(tài)環(huán)境美化等方面都有長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步。到2035年，古城人居環(huán)境、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、服務(wù)配套、風(fēng)貌塑造等方面全面提升，白石縣治歷史風(fēng)貌全面重現(xiàn)，商幫文化魅力風(fēng)采全面彰顯，城市文化軟實(shí)力和影響力顯著增強(qiáng)。

歷史遺存保護(hù)開發(fā)顯著加強(qiáng)。歷史文化古街區(qū)得到有效保護(hù)和開發(fā)，名人故居、景跡點(diǎn)和古橋等歷史古建得到進(jìn)一步保護(hù)、修繕和重建，古村落風(fēng)貌進(jìn)一步改造提升，國(guó)家級(jí)、省級(jí)、區(qū)級(jí)文保單位申報(bào)取得新突破。

文化傳承與弘揚(yáng)顯著增強(qiáng)。溪口商幫文化成為衢州市新的一張文化“金名片”，文化溯源研究取得較大進(jìn)展，溪口古城形象品牌樹立，非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)有效傳承。建成古城文化“會(huì)客廳”、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)展示館、徐偃王文化園等。生態(tài)環(huán)境顯著美化。自然山水景觀風(fēng)貌得到有效保護(hù)，水體質(zhì)量明顯改善，古城風(fēng)貌明顯提升。到2025年，完成沿江立面改造、完成污水處理終端提升改造等。

提升古街歷史文化街區(qū)。加強(qiáng)歷史遺存保護(hù)與開發(fā)，大力推動(dòng)文化傳承與弘揚(yáng)，以文化旅游業(yè)為重點(diǎn)發(fā)展方向，著力提升老城居民生活品質(zhì)提升。進(jìn)一步打造歷史文化保護(hù)傳承區(qū)。強(qiáng)化古城歷史建筑、文保單位、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)等歷史文化資源的保護(hù)、開發(fā)與傳承弘揚(yáng)等功能。聚焦遺存保護(hù)與文化傳承。堅(jiān)持在保護(hù)中開發(fā)、在開發(fā)中保護(hù)，統(tǒng)籌處理好保護(hù)與傳承的關(guān)系。加強(qiáng)對(duì)古跡遺存的科學(xué)修繕、修復(fù)和重建，加強(qiáng)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的溯源研究，加大特色文化的挖掘推廣，傳承好非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。

啟動(dòng)古城整治修復(fù)工程。開展歷史遺存保護(hù)修繕與再利用。依據(jù)歷史資料結(jié)合初唐時(shí)代建筑風(fēng)格復(fù)原古縣衙，對(duì)溪口歷史文化古街區(qū)進(jìn)行三期建設(shè)，對(duì)靈山歷史文化古街區(qū)進(jìn)行整體景觀風(fēng)貌提升，修葺徐堰王廟和禹王廟，打造文化公園。設(shè)計(jì)白石縣千年古城文化標(biāo)簽吉祥物，提升旅游標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)行燈光亮化改造。古城建筑風(fēng)貌在外觀上要與古城整體風(fēng)貌相協(xié)調(diào)，內(nèi)部根據(jù)業(yè)態(tài)布局和市場(chǎng)需要來(lái)開發(fā)，營(yíng)造古城氛圍，生動(dòng)展現(xiàn)初唐古城的歷史文化形象。

打造“智慧古城”。通過(guò)建設(shè)龍南旅游集散中心，提升溪口的智慧旅游服務(wù)能力和水平。運(yùn)用5G、大數(shù)據(jù)等現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)手段，在龍南旅游集散中心通過(guò)建立并完善智慧文保地圖實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化導(dǎo)覽、多維度展示，將歷史文化串珠成鏈。包含但不限于古城內(nèi)及周邊景點(diǎn)查詢、云上景點(diǎn)展示、全景旅游體驗(yàn)、電子旅游地圖導(dǎo)覽、交通線路查詢、旅游線路推薦、商業(yè)配套查詢、旅游安全救援等各大場(chǎng)景，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)“一部手機(jī)游溪口”。

促進(jìn)優(yōu)秀文化傳承。建設(shè)古城文化“會(huì)客廳”和非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)展示館。打造云客廳和古城數(shù)字沙盤，滿足線上和線下接待、會(huì)晤、游憩等多樣化功能，將其打造成為古城標(biāo)志性景觀。積極謀劃建設(shè)科技含量較高的溪口非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)展示館，以文化主題教育、社會(huì)實(shí)踐和文化論壇等形式，展現(xiàn)千年古城文化。

加快古城產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化。打造旅游服務(wù)業(yè)。圍繞靈山、溪口歷史文化古街建設(shè)文化旅游風(fēng)情街，盤活街區(qū)及周邊的旅游業(yè)，大力發(fā)展具有濃厚鄉(xiāng)土特色的龍游菜系和小吃產(chǎn)業(yè)文化，豐富業(yè)態(tài)，形成濃厚的商業(yè)氛圍。建設(shè)竹溪?jiǎng)?chǎng)作為演繹溪口歷史文化的場(chǎng)所，以現(xiàn)代的方式再現(xiàn)歷史記憶。大力發(fā)展竹運(yùn)會(huì)、長(zhǎng)桌宴、星星的市集等特色文化活動(dòng)，打響“百人長(zhǎng)桌宴”“花樣竹運(yùn)會(huì)”“熱鬧夜集市”等系列品牌。鼓勵(lì)年輕創(chuàng)客來(lái)溪口發(fā)展，將老街打造成一條生態(tài)休閑、文旅融合的地方特色休閑旅游街、便民消費(fèi)街、農(nóng)民創(chuàng)業(yè)街。

Ancient Xikou Town Striving for Revitalization

By ?Fang Jun ?Luo Yi ?Liu Jiabei

Xikou town， once known as Baishi county， has a history of over a thousand years. Because of its location， convenient for both water and land transportation， it was an important town of commerce and trade in ancient times， and has eventually become a cultural and business hub today.

Renowned as “the ancient town of bamboo and the hometown of King Yan”， it has been listed as one of the central towns for comprehensive reform in Zhejiang province， one of the top 100 towns for afforestation achievement nationwide， one of the 200 key towns in Zhejiang province， one of the ten national key towns in Quzhou city， and an indispensable part of Quzhou’s “beautiful economic belt”.

The profound historical charm is the biggest feature of Xikou. Its historical and cultural landmarks， King Yan’s qualities of “benevolence and righteousness”， and its camaraderie and hard-working spirit have shaped the soul of the ancient town.

The ancient town is built along the Lingshan River and has a unique pattern of spatial form. More than 30 buildings from the Ming （1368-1644） and Qing （1616-1911） dynasties are distributed on both sides of the streets， including stores， workshops and houses. The overall layout， scale and color of the buildings have a distinct flavor of the Jiangnan area （south of the Yangtze River）， which have integrated both the Huizhou style and Longyou’s local architectural features. The ancient stores and houses are finely carved and made of exquisite materials， where traditional brick and wood carvings are very commonly seen. Rich in content and unique in style， they are like a natural architectural museum.

Nowadays， the ancient town has put on a new look. The transformation and upgrading of historical and cultural districts have been accelerated， so have the development and construction of new districts and the revitalization of rural areas. The comprehensive environmental improvement project has been fully completed， and the infrastructure has been significantly improved， cleaned， polished and kept in order. Furthermore， the construction of the historical and cultural core area has been basically completed， and the first rural future community in Zhejiang has been officially put into use.

Based on its local cultural resources， Xikou is also heading for modernization. While developing intangible cultural heritage such as Fangshan tea， Duantoulong （dragon with a broken neck） and King Yan’s temple， the Xikou government has also been actively planning some high-tech cultural projects and vigorously carrying out a wide range of local culture themed activities to enhance its reputation as a town of cultural tourism. The government has also intensified their efforts to improve people’s livelihood and ecological environment， aiming at building Xikou into a modern town in western Zhejiang.

Relying on the merchants’ culture and King Yan’s “benevolence and righteousness” culture， the government has taken “two districts and one community” as the core （Xikou and Lingshan historical and cultural districts and Xikou rural future community） to fully tap Xikou’s cultural resources by developing a business landscape including time-honored shops， cozy B&Bs and local restaurants.

To fully leverage its regional advantages， the government has focused on promoting the linkage development of “one town with three townships” （Xikou township with Muchen， Miaoxia and Dajie townships）， and the development of high-quality agriculture， bamboo and wood processing， leisure and healthcare， among other industries.

By 2025， Xikou township will achieve an all-round revitalization in terms of cultural inheritance， people’s well-being and environment; by 2035， the living conditions， the infrastructure， the supporting service facilities and the style of the ancient town will be further improved， and its soft power and influence will be significantly enhanced.

The protection and development of historical relics will be significantly strengthened. Xikou’s historic and cultural streets and areas have been effectively preserved and developed， the former residences of celebrities， scenic spots， ancient bridges and other buildings have been further protected， repaired and rebuilt， the style of ancient villages has been further transformed and improved， and new breakthroughs have been made in local government’s application of national， provincial and district-level units for cultural protection.

Cultural inheritance and promotion will also be significantly enhanced. The merchants’ culture of Xikou will become a new cultural “golden name card” of Quzhou， and a cultural “meeting room“ of the ancient town， an exhibition hall for intangible cultural heritage and King Yan’s cultural park will be established. Ecological enhancement projects will be implemented， effectively improving the natural landscape， the water quality and the overall style of the ancient town. By 2025， the facade renovation along the river and the upgrading of sewage treatment terminal will be completed. Specifically， the government will focus on cultural tourism， strive to improve the livelihood for residents in old districts， adopt a scientific way to repair， restore and reconstruct historical relics， and advance the traceability research of excellent traditional culture. It is critical to keep a good balance between protection and inheritance， in order to strengthen the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.

In addition， the government will carry out special projects to renovate Xikou in terms of architecture， cultural landscape and historical image， to build Xikou into a smart town， and to improve its industrial structure with a focus on tourism. Restoration of ancient districts will be implemented based on historical records of the architectural style of the early Tang dynasty （618-907）， the cultural mascot of the Baishi county will be designed， and the tourism signage system will be upgraded. Smart map system for tourists will also be built by using modern information technologies such as 5G and big data to realize digital navigation and multi-dimensional display. The application scenarios include search for tourist attractions in and around Xikou， on-the-cloud display of tourist attractions， panoramic travel experience， electronic travel guide， traffic route search and recommendation， search for service facilities， and search for information on travel safety and rescue. Meanwhile， apart from historical and cultural districts for tourists， Longyou cuisine and delicacies will also be vigorously developed at the local catering industry; long-table banquets， night markets and other cultural activities will be organized. Therefore， young entrepreneurs are encouraged to come to Xikou， where they are able to start their own businesses and shape the old street into a modern one with an atmosphere of leisure， entertainment and culture.