主題語境十四：飲食與健康

蔣建平

感知 素養(yǎng)解讀

飲食話題包括各類食物、飲料、餐桌禮儀與習慣表達，以及中西方文化在待客或飲食方面的差異。健康話題是高考中的高頻話題。

“飲食與健康”是高中課標中非常重要的主題，包括各種食品的介紹、健康飲食、綠色食品、飲食文化、快餐、飲食習慣與喜好、訂餐與供給、健身與鍛煉、保健、個人衛(wèi)生、各種疾病與防治、意外事故、醫(yī)療保險、財富與健康等內(nèi)容。

“飲食與健康”主題的書面表達常用文體有說明文、記敘文、議論文、邀請函等。常用時態(tài)有一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時等。

關于“飲食與健康”主題的寫作常有以下幾個命題角度：

1. 如何養(yǎng)成良好的飲食習慣;

2. 介紹中國飲食文化;

3. 簡述睡眠與健康的關系;

4. 簡述青少年的心理健康問題;

5. 介紹你喜歡的某種食物，并至少說出兩點理由。

探究 語庫構建

語境串記

Healthy diets

To learn more about food and health， during the past few years， nutritionists 1. ___________（study）diets in places 2.___________? people are healthier and live longer than 3.___________ （usually）. Theyve found that in Japan and Mediterranean countries in 4.___________ （south） Europe， rates of heart disease， diabetes， strokes and cancer are among the 5.___________ （low） in the world. Even though their traditional cuisines look and taste very different， Japanese and Mediterranean people eat many of 6.___________? same foods. They eat lots of fruits， vegetables， whole grains， beans and nuts， and they cook in vegetable oils rather than animal fats. Their traditional diets also include plenty of fish and seafood， 7.___________? not many dairy foods or eggs， and little or no red meat.

Many nutritionists now recommend low?fat diets like this， or the similar pescetarian diet that includes dairy products， fish and seafood， but no poultry or red meat like pork or beef. Some are even recommending a 8.___________ （total） meat?free vegetarian or vegan diet， especially for people 9.___________? heart disease or other diet?related 10.___________ （illness）. But if you become vegetarian or vegan， they say you must make sure you get all the essential amino acids from protein?rich plant foods like soybeans.

健康飲食

在過去的幾年里，為了了解更多關于食物和健康的知識，營養(yǎng)學家研究了人們更健康、壽命更長的地方飲食。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在日本和南歐的地中海國家，心臟病、糖尿病、中風和癌癥的發(fā)病率是世界上最低的。盡管他們的傳統(tǒng)菜系看起來和嘗起來都很不一樣，但日本人和地中海人吃的食物很多是一樣的。他們吃很多水果、蔬菜、全麥食品、豆類和堅果，而且他們用植物油而不是動物脂肪來烹飪。他們的傳統(tǒng)飲食也包括大量的魚類和海鮮，但奶制品和雞蛋不多，紅肉很少或根本沒有。

現(xiàn)在許多營養(yǎng)學家推薦像這樣的低脂飲食，或者類似的魚素者的飲食，包括乳制品、魚和海鮮，但沒有像豬肉或牛肉這樣的紅肉或家禽肉。有些人甚至建議完全不吃肉的素食主義者或純素食主義者，特別是對患有心臟病或其他飲食相關疾病的人。但是如果你成為素食主義者或純素食主義者，他們說你必須確保你從富含蛋白質(zhì)的植物性食物中攝取所有必需的氨基酸，比如大豆。

素材積累

一、閱讀詞匯整合（明其義）

【核心單詞】

1. healthy adj. 健康的

unhealthy adj. 不健康的

health n. 健康;衛(wèi)生

subhealth n. 亞健康

2. normal adj. 正常的;一般的

abnormal adj. 反常的

3. bleed v. 出血;流血

blood n. 血;血液

bloody adj. 血腥的

4. anxious adj. 憂慮的;焦急的;渴望的

anxiously adv. 焦急地;憂慮地;渴望地

anxiety? n. 焦慮;憂慮;擔心

5. serve 招待（顧客等）;服務;端菜;上酒

6. entertainment 招待;款待

7. delicious 可口的;美味的

8. appetite 食欲;胃口

9. digest 消化

10. painful 痛苦的

【高頻短語】

1. be good/beneficial to 對……有益

2. be bad for 對……有害

3. be abundant in 富含……

4. be high/low in 含……高/低

5. be crazy about 迷戀……;對……狂熱

6. be anxious about sth 為……擔心（憂慮）

7. keep fit 保持健康

8. treat oneself to sth 給自己買某物

9. go on a diet 進行節(jié)食

10. lose weight 減肥

11. break down （身體）垮掉

【主題整合】

食物名稱

1. beef 牛肉

2. hamburger 漢堡包

3. sandwich 三明治

4. salad 沙拉

5. toast 烤面包片;吐司

6. sausage 香腸

7. starter 開胃菜

8. appetizer 開胃小吃

9. dessert 甜點; 餐后甜食

10. pudding 布?。ㄎ鞑椭幸环N甜點）

11. barbecue 燒烤

12. dairy product 乳制品

13. fish and chips 炸魚和薯條

烹飪方式

1. boil 煮;使沸騰

2. roast （在火上）烤;烘（食物，尤指肉）

3. fry 用油煎;用油炸

4. stew 用文火慢慢煨燉;燉爛

5. bake 烤;烘焙;（將某物） 烤硬

飲食文化

1. table manners 餐桌禮儀

2. healthy food/diet 健康飲食

3. green/organic food 綠色食品

4. go on a balanced diet 膳食均衡

健康

1. slim （身材）苗條

2. stout 肥胖的;肥壯的

3. allergic 過敏的

4. symptom 癥狀

5. dizzy 頭暈目眩的

6. depression 抑郁癥

7. refresh （使）精神振作;（使）精力恢復

8. cure sb of sth 治愈某人的病

9. have got a high/slight fever 發(fā)高/低燒

10. recover from 從……中恢復

11. send for a doctor 派人請醫(yī)生

12. keep energetic 保持精力充沛

13. be in good/poor health 健康狀況良好/不佳

二、寫作詞匯運用（悉其用）

根據(jù)漢語提示或用所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。

1. If you___________? ? ? ?（縮?。?only your dinner plate， you will be eliminating more than 5，000 calories a month from your diet.

2. Even a smallish fast food lunch delivers around 800 calories—more than a（n）___________

（普通的） woman would want to get at dinner.

3. Most of the healthiest foods have only one______________________（成分）. Longer lists generally mean more sugar， more salt， and more artificial flavors.

4. Thats without considering such___________

（經(jīng)濟的） options as occasionally substituting beans or lentils for meat， or making a sandwich at home rather than spending money at a restaurant.

5. If you make enough for leftovers， youll save time___________? ? ? ?（長期）.

6. Studies suggest that a wholesome home?cooked dinner takes only about ten minutes longer to prepare， on average， than serving

___________? ? ? ? （process） or ready?made food.

7. As any 5?year?old or picky eater can attest，___________? ? ? ? （familiar） is a powerful driver of dietary preference.

8. Just keep___________? ? ? ?（serve） the new dishes， and soon neither you nor your palate will recall what all the fuss was about.

9.___________? ? ? ? （放慢速度） your meals， pay attention to what youre eating， and call it quits when youre about 80 percent full.

10. As well as giving us a temporary buzz， coffee is also known___________? ? ? ?（降低風險） depression and increase dopamine and seroto?nin.

三、核心句型表達（精于表）

根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。

1. 多進行體育鍛煉，你就會變得更健康。

譯法一：（祈使句+and+陳述句）

__________________________________________________________________? ? ? 譯法二：（動名詞作主語， contribute to）

__________________________________________________________________? ? ? 2. 當我第一次吃中餐時，才知道真正的中餐

宴會那么豐盛。

譯法一：（the first time引導時間狀語從句）

__________________________________________________________________? ? ? 譯法二：（用not...until...句型）

__________________________________________________________________? ? ? 3. 我們認為健康的飲食習慣，包括按時

就餐、均衡飲食、多吃水果蔬菜等。這對我們很重要。

譯法一：（含including結構）

__________________________________________________________________? ? ? 譯法二：（含included結構）

__________________________________________________________________? ? ? 譯法三：（含非限制性定語從句）

__________________________________________________________________? ? ? 4. 要保持心理健康，我們得保持樂觀的心態(tài)。

譯法一：（in order that引導目的狀語從句）

__________________________________________________________________? ? ? 譯法二：（不定式作目的狀語）

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我們要重視運動，如多跑步、少開車、踐行綠色出行等。

譯法一：（用what引導主語從句）

__________________________________________________________________? ? ? 譯法二：（強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)賓語）

__________________________________________________________________

實踐 主題測評

知識維度診斷評價

Ⅰ. 單句填空

1. One question Im___________? ? （frequent） asked is “Whats the secret to a healthy diet？”， yet the answer isnt all that mysterious.

2.___________? ? ? youre already in shape or trying to lose weight， one of the best things you can do for your waistline and your health is downsize your dishware.

3. When we eat on the go， our brains tend to register the food as a snack—regardless of how many calories we consume—___________? ? （lead） us to overeat at our next meal.

4. The smart choices cost no more， and in fact， there was a potential small saving______________________? ? ? ?（associate） with the healthy selections.

5. By devoting a few minutes to planning for more nutritious eating， you invest in your own health and___________? ? of your family.

6. Obesity， diabetes， and heart disease all lead to doctor and hospital visits，___________? ? ?take a lot of time.

7. Parents who eat with their children report greater___________? ? （satisfy） with family life.

8. The best way to keep your body energetic is to eat a well?rounded，___________? ? ?（nutrition） diet.

9. For obvious reasons， chocolate makes us very happy， however， it doesnt just provide an instant fix to a low mood， for it is also rich in magnesium， which helps calm your muscles and reduce

___________? ? （anxious）.

10. All leafy greens have some key components for improving your mood and help prevent you from becoming___________? ? ?（depress）.

Ⅱ. 單句改錯

1. This ensures that you get enough nutrient and automatically reduces the amount of fat and calories you consume.

_________________________________

2. Studies indicate that simple by eating at a leisurely pace， you could drop up to 20 pounds a year.

_________________________________

3. Kids eat with their parents are less likely to consume junk food， less likely to overeat， and less likely to be overweight.

_________________________________

4.? A lot of us rely on a regularly caffeine fix to improve our mood throughout the day， and it really does just that.

_________________________________

5. If you want your mood to be as sunny as your eggs， then eating it regularly will certainly help.

_________________________________

Ⅲ. 情境寫作

假定你要參加以“A Balanced Diet and Health”為主題的科普英語競賽。請根據(jù)下面的圖示及文字寫一篇演講稿，簡單論述飲食與健康的關系。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右;

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Good afternoon， ladies and gentlemen！ Im very glad to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject—A Balanced Diet and Health.________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

Thats all. Thank you.

（主題語境十四：素養(yǎng)維度發(fā)展評價，見第53～55頁）