陸昭岑 劉恩德 韓孟奇 朱鑫鑫 NGUYEN Khang Sinh 許為斌
摘 要:? ?中越邊境喀斯特地區(qū)是全球生物多樣性熱點地區(qū),也是生物多樣性保護的關鍵區(qū)域,近年來在該地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了多個蛛毛苣苔屬植物的新種。微花蛛毛苣苔于2001年在越南北部喀斯特地區(qū)首次采集到標本,直到2018年才被發(fā)表出來,由于發(fā)表時僅基于一號花發(fā)育未成熟的標本,所以該物種的諸多形態(tài)特征仍不清楚。作者開展中越邊境喀斯特地區(qū)植物多樣性調查時,在我國云南東南部發(fā)現(xiàn)了微花蛛毛苣苔,并采集到花發(fā)育成熟的植株,對其進行了解剖觀察和測量,現(xiàn)對該物種進行補充描述,并提供墨線圖和野外生態(tài)照片以資辨認。微花蛛毛苣苔與腺花蛛毛苣苔在光滑無毛而反折的花萼以及被腺毛的花冠等形態(tài)上最相似,但不同之處在于微花蛛毛苣苔的葉上面幼時被褐色蛛絲狀綿毛,后變近無毛,花序頂生,花冠長9~12 mm,蒴果直,不旋扭,長1.2~2.8 cm。微花蛛毛苣苔在滇東南的發(fā)現(xiàn),說明中國南部喀斯特地區(qū)和越南北部喀斯特地區(qū)構成了一個完整的植物區(qū)系地理單元。
關鍵詞:? 生物多樣性熱點, 石灰?guī)r植物區(qū)系, 中越邊境喀斯特地貌
Sino-Vietnamese limestone karsts are biodiversity hotspots in the world (Myers et al., 2000; Clements et al., 2006), and many new species in the genus Paraboea (C.B. Clarke) Ridl. have been found there (Chen et al., 2008, 2012; Xu et al., 2012, 2017; Wen et al., 2013, 2016; He et al., 2018; Middleton, 2018). Paraboea minutiflora was reported from Ha Giang, northern Vietnam in 2018. But Paraboea minutiflora just only has slightly immature corollas on the specimens available for study when published (Middleton, 2018), so it is very important to give supplementary description for this insufficiently understood species. According to the original literature and specimens from southeastern Yunnan, China, the characteristics of Paraboea minutiflora are described, and line drawing and photos are also provided.
Perennial erect herb with obviously (sometimes unconspicuous) woody rootstock. Rhizomes subterete, 14-40 cm long, 5-12 mm in diameter. Leaves 6-8, congested at the apex of rhizome, long petiolate, petiole 5.5-20 cm long, 1.5-4 mm in diameter, covered with grayish to brownish matted indumentum, leaf blade 9.4-19.4 × 5.7-19.2 cm, broadly lanceolate, ovate to broadly ovate, papery, base truncate to cordate, sometimes inequilateral, apex apiculate, cuspitate to almost rounded, margin entire to minutely crenulate, upper leaf surfaces covered with brown matted indumentum when young, but glabrescent at maturity, lower leaf surfaces with brown matted indumentum, lateral veins 7-9 on each side of midrib, flat adaxially and prominent abaxially, tertiary venation conspicuously reticulate on the lower leaf surface. Inflorescences cymose, terminal (rare subterminal), with distantly spaced branches, 26.1-36 cm long, 3-4-branched, ca. 30-100 flowers; peduncle 9.5-19 cm long, 5-10 mm in diameter, with a dense matted indumentum in lower parts, glabrescent distally, and then red-purple shiny; bracts 2, opposite, green, lower pair 11-41 × 5-29 mm, upper pairs progressively smaller; pedicels
2-10 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous. Calyx green, 5-parted nearly to the base, lobes oblong, reflexed, 3-3.5 × 0.8-1.2 mm, outside and inside glabrous, margins entire, apex rounded. Corolla 9-12 mm long, obliquely campanulate, white and red-pink or pale purple-blue, densely glandular-pubescent outside, glabrous or sparsely pubescent inside; tube 6-8 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter at the mouth; the limb conspicuously 2-lipped, adaxial lip 2-lobed to near base, lobes round, 3-4 × ca. 3 mm, abaxial lip 3-lobed to over middle, lobes round, 3.5-4.5 × ca. 3.5 mm. Stamens 2, adnate to the corolla base; filaments 4-4.5 mm long, densely glandular-bearded at the middle; anthers adnate face to face, elliptic, 3.0-3.3 mm long, glabrous; staminodes 3, glandular-puberulent, lateral ones 1.0 mm long, adnate to ca. 1 mm above the corolla tube base; middle one ca. 0.2 mm long, adnate to the corolla tube base. Pistil glabrous, ovary 4-5 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, style 4-5 mm long, stigma slightly capitate. Capsule straight, 1.2-2.8 cm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, glabrous (old dehisced fruit).
Distribution and habitat:? Paraboea minutiflora is found from Ha Giang, northern Vietnam and southeastern Yunnan, China, and only four localities have so far been identified during field investigations. Paraboea minutiflora grows under the forests of limestone karst, at an elevation between 600 m and 1 100 m.
Phenology:? Flowering from February to June.
Notes:? Paraboea minutiflora is similar to Paraboea thorelii (Pellegr.) B. L. Burtt and species in the? Paraboea martinii? (H. Lev. & Vaniot) B. L. Burtt group, but it is easily distinguished from the latters by some characters (Middleton, 2018). Paraboea minutiflora is also most similar to Paraboea glanduliflora Barnett in having glabrous, reflexed calyx and corolla with glandular hairs (Xu et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2012), but differs from the latter by the upper leaf surfaces covered with brown matted indumentum when young, but glabrescent at maturity (vs. pubescent), the inflorescences terminal (vs. subterminal), the corolla 9-12 mm long (vs. 18 mm long), the capsule straight, 1.2-2.8 cm long ( vs. spirally twisted, 3-4 cm long).
Additional specimens examined:? CHINA.? Yunnan : Malipo County, Tianbao Town, 22°59′24.20″ N, 104°50′12.14″ E, alt. 1 100 m, 20 June 2018, Meng-Qi Han & Wei-Bin Xu? 13883? (IBK). The same locality, 10 January 2019, Xin-Xin Zhu & Wei-Bin Xu? 13916? (IBK). VIETNAM.? Ha Giang : Quan Ba, 104°56′01.4″ E, 23°02′55.0″ N, alt. 900-980 m, 18 October 2018, Leonid V. Averyanov et al. VR1000 (LE01049022); Phong Quang, 104°54′57.4″ E, 22°53′51.5″ N, alt. 650 m, 17 August 2019, Wei-Bin Xu et al. 13931 (IBK & HN).
The flora of Sino-Vietnamese limestone karsts belongs to the Tonkin gulf region in Paleotropic Kingdom (Wu et al., 2010), and also rich in rare and endemic plants. In recent years, many new genera or species were found firstly from northern Vietnam, and also found from southern or southwestern China at last, e.g. Caobangia A. R. Smith & X. C. Zhang (Xu et al., 2008), Xanthocyparis Farjon & Hiep (Meng et al., 2013), Zeuxinella Aver.? ?(Huang et al., 2012), Aspidistra connata H. -J. Tillich (Xu et al., 2010), Didymoplexis vietnamica Ormd. (Huang et al., 2011), Sciaphila stellata Aver. (Jiang et al., 2011), and also including? Paraboea minutiflora D. J. Middleton here.
The discovery of Paraboea minutiflora D. J. Middleton from Southeast Yunnan, China enlarge its distribution localities, and is also important to its research and conservation. Its biogeographical significance here, the flora is closely interrelated between the southern and southwestern limestone karsts of China and the northern limestone karsts of Vietnam. Sino-Vietnamese limestone karsts are naturally integrated areas, and the border just an artificial line, can not givesalient vicariances to those local wildlife. The biodiversity of Sino-Vietnamese limestone karsts is so fantastic, but the field surveys are weak, even blank in some areas, and many species face to severe threats at the same time, so more further research and conservation works are needed.
Acknowledgements? The authors are grateful to Mr. LIN Wenhong (IBK) for the beautiful drawing, to Dr. WU Lei (CSFI) for his beautiful photo.
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( 責任編輯 李 莉 )