閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

（一）

The physicians in a hospital form the center of medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical employees. From the viewpoint of the patients， the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital.

A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However， each must be equally dedicated. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days， and they often must work at odd hours or during the night.

Under the supervision[監(jiān)管] of the head nurse， the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock， and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty， usually eight in length. The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts.

A nurse must always be alert. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situation， but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill， and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital.

Serving as a nurse can be a very rewarding job. But it is not an easy one. Not every person is suited to become a nurse. Only very dedicated people have chosen nursing as a profession.

1. The nursing staff ________.

A. are central to the medical staff

B. play an important role in caring for patients

C. can work effectively without physicians

D. are always in close contact with the patients

2. Why dont nurses study for as many years as doctors？

A. They dont treat patients for illness and injury.

B. Most nurses work long days.

C. Caring for sick patients requires patience and concern.

D. They are not dedicated.

3. Nurses work in shifts because ________.

A. they are careless.

B. nursing services must be provided continuously.

C. they work at night from time to time.

D. a shift is usually eight hours long.

4. What kind of person is suited to become a nurse？

A. A very careful person. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. An able person.

C. A very dedicated person. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. A specially trained person.

（二）

A “l(fā)ost tribe” that reached America from Australia may have been the first Native Americans， according to a new theory.

If proved by DNA evidence， the theory will break long established beliefs about the southerly migration of people who entered America across the Bering Strait， found it empty and occupied it.

On this theory rests the belief of Native Americans to have been the first true Americans. They would be classified to the ranks of escapee， beaten to the New World by Aboriginals[土著人] in boats.

To a European， this may seem like an academic argument， but to Americans it is a philosophical question about identity， Silvia Gonzales， of Liverpool University said .

Her claims are based on skeletons found in the California Peninsula of Mexico that have skulls quite unlike the broad Mongolian features of Native Americans. These narrow-skulled people have more in common with southern Asians， Aboriginal Australians and people of the South Pacific Region.

The bones， stored at the National Museum of Anthropology[人類(lèi)學(xué)] in Mexico City， have been carbon-dated and one is 12，700 years old， which places it several thousand years before the arrival of people from the North. “We think there were several migration waves into the Americas at different times by different human groups，” Dr. Gonzales said. “The timing， route and point of origin of the first colonization of the Americas remains a most contentious topic in human evolution.”

But comparisons based on skull shape are not considered conclusive by anthropologists， so a team of Mexican and British scientists， backed by the Natural Environment Research Council， has also attempted to take out DNA from the bones. Dr. Gonzales declined yesterday to say exactly what the results were， as they need to be checked， but indicated that they were consistent[一致] with an Australian origin.

1. It is generally considered that the first Native Americans came from ________.

A. North Asia ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. Australia

C. South Pacific ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. South Asia

2. The skeletons found in the California Peninsula of Mexico have ________.

A. the broad skull shape

B. the narrow skull shape

C. different features of Aboriginal Australians

D. the same features of Native Americans

3. The underlined “contentious” is similar in meaning to “________”.

A. likely to cause great interest ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. difficult to solve

C. well-known to all ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. likely to cause argument

4. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？

A. Research on skulls can draw an exact conclusion.

B. DNA tests have proved the fact that the first Native Americans came from Australian.

C. Scientists are still not sure about the origin of the Native Americans.

D. People began to enter America across the Bering Strait about 12，700 years ago.

（三）

Wild animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami[海嘯]， adding weight to ideas they possess a “sixth sense” for disasters， experts said on Thursday.

Sri Lanka wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24，000 people along the Indian Ocean islands coast seemingly missed wild beasts， with no dead animals found.

“No elephants are dead， not even a dead hare or rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening，” H.D. Ratnayake， deputy director of Sri Lankas Wildlife Department， said on Wednesday.

The waves washed floodwaters up to 3 km （2 miles） inland at Yala National Park in the southeast， Sri Lankas biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants. “There has been a lot of evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven，” said Matthew van Lierop， an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo.

“There have been no specific studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting，” he said.

Other authorities agreed with this conclusion.

“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenomenon， especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting coming disasters，” said Clive Walker， who has written several books on African wildlife.

Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators[食肉動(dòng)物].

The idea of an animal “sixth sense” is a lasting one that the evidence on Sri Lankas damaged coast is likely to add to.

1. This passage is mainly about________.

A. the damage that was caused in the Indian Ocean tsunami

B. why animals can save them from natural disasters

C. how to protect the wildlife when disaster happens

D. the different opinions about animals natural power

2. Which of the following is true according to the text？

A. It has been proved that animals have a “sixth sense”.

B. Research has been made on the special movements of animals before disasters.

C. Its generally considered that animals can sense the coming of disasters.

D. Animals have depended on the known senses to escape the Indian Ocean tsunami.

3. What does the term “sixth sense” in the text means？

A. It is the natural ability of animals that can save them from danger.

B. It is the animals imagination in the brain.

C. It is some hidden power to say in advance that something will happen.

D. It is a kind of sense that is the same as smell or hearing.

4. Which section does the text most probably appear in a newspaper？

A. News Report. ? ? ? B. Discovery.

C. Science Fiction. ? ? ? ? D. Culture.

參考答案與解析

（一）

1. B 推斷題。根據(jù)短文第一段中的“they could not provide effective medical care to their patients…the nursing staff is particularly important.”兩句推斷可知。

2. A 推斷題。根據(jù)短文第三段中的“the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients needs”一句可推斷，護(hù)士只為病人提供護(hù)理服務(wù)，不處理傷病。

3. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。分析第三段中的“This responsibility continues around the clock， and so nurses must work in shifts”一句可知。

4. C 歸納題。根據(jù)短文第二段“Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern”及最后一句“Only very dedicated people have chosen nursing as a profession”可知。

（二）

1. A 推斷題。第二段的意義是“如果DNA檢測(cè)證實(shí)了這個(gè)理論的話，這將動(dòng)搖長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)人們一直堅(jiān)信的觀點(diǎn)：一群往南遷徙的移民穿過(guò)白令海峽進(jìn)入美洲后，發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)人在此居住，便占領(lǐng)了它?！?據(jù)此推斷可得。

2. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段表述的意思“這些頭骨和美國(guó)土著居民那種蒙古人寬頭骨的特征極為不同。這些窄頭骨的人種和南亞人、澳洲土著和環(huán)南太平洋國(guó)家的人種有更多共同點(diǎn)?！笨芍?/p>

3. D 詞義猜測(cè)題?？茖W(xué)家一直在探討“誰(shuí)是美洲最早的土著居民”這一問(wèn)題，根據(jù)上下文可猜測(cè)出，在人類(lèi)進(jìn)化史上，最早在美國(guó)進(jìn)行殖民活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、路線和人口來(lái)源是一個(gè)最“有爭(zhēng)議的”話題。

4. C 事實(shí)確認(rèn)題。本文提到的“新理論”和“長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)人們一直堅(jiān)信的觀點(diǎn)”都在探討研究之中。對(duì)于DNA檢測(cè)，岡薩雷斯博士拒絕透露確切的結(jié)果，因?yàn)檠芯拷Y(jié)果還需要核對(duì)，他只是暗示這些DNA和澳大利亞人的血統(tǒng)是吻合的。由此可確認(rèn)C是正確的。

（三）

1. B 主旨大意題。短文第一段提出了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：野生動(dòng)物們似乎躲過(guò)了印度洋的海嘯。作者接下來(lái)極力想要揭示其中的奧秘，是不是真的因?yàn)閯?dòng)物有神秘的“第六感”呢？由此判斷可知。

2. C 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。短文中列舉一些權(quán)威人士的講話，如：斯里蘭卡負(fù)責(zé)野生動(dòng)物的官員說(shuō)，野生動(dòng)物似乎都幸免于難，目前尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)一具動(dòng)物的尸體;斯里蘭卡野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)局副局長(zhǎng)H·D·拉特納亞克說(shuō)，“沒(méi)有大象喪生，甚至連野兔和兔子都活得好好的。動(dòng)物們可以感覺(jué)到災(zāi)難即將來(lái)臨。它們有第六感，能夠知道海嘯發(fā)生的時(shí)間”。南非約翰內(nèi)斯堡動(dòng)物園的動(dòng)物行為專(zhuān)家馬太·范倫內(nèi)普說(shuō)，“每當(dāng)火山爆發(fā)或地震發(fā)生前，動(dòng)物們的行為就會(huì)發(fā)生許多異常，比如犬吠或鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)遷徙”。其他權(quán)威人士同意這一看法。綜上所述：人們普遍持這種觀點(diǎn)。

3. C 詞義推測(cè)題。字面上的意義為“第六感”，根據(jù)短文第三段“I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening”進(jìn)行推測(cè)，其含義為：動(dòng)物的某種神秘力量能預(yù)測(cè)將要發(fā)生的事。

4. B 邏輯推理題。這次印度洋海嘯目前已造成成千上萬(wàn)的人喪生，而動(dòng)物卻能幸免，其中的奧秘有待去探究。由此推測(cè)此文可能是在報(bào)紙的“發(fā)現(xiàn)”版面上。而science fiction是“科幻”的意思，有較大的干擾性。