Unit 4詞匯要點講解

李天雨

1. communicate v. 溝通，通信，通訊

She and I don't communicate any more. 我和她不再通信了。

communicate with sb. 表示“與某人交流”。

People can communicate with each other freely on the Internet. 人們可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上自由交流。

【拓展】 communication n. 交流，溝通

Students should come with better preparation and better communication skills. 學生應做好更充分的準備，具備更好的溝通能力。

2. allow v. 允許，讓

If you allow me， I will send you back. 如果你同意，我就送你回去。

【拓展】常用結構：allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事;allow doing sth. 允許做某事;be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事

His parents allowed him to stay out late. 他的父母允許他在外面待到很晚。

Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished. 我們的老師不容許欺騙行為不受到懲罰。

Smoking is not allowed in the hall. 大廳里禁止抽煙。

【拓展】 使役動詞let和make也可以表示“讓某人做某事”。使役動詞后接動詞原形作賓語補足語，但是當變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時需要加上不定式符號to，即be let to do sth.， be made to do sth.。

Mom often makes her child do the homework all day. 媽媽經(jīng)常讓孩子一整天做作業(yè)。

She is made to follow the rules. 她被迫遵守這些規(guī)定。

3. argue v. 爭論，爭吵

My brothers are always arguing. 我的兄弟們總是爭論不休。

【拓展】 argue with sb. 與某人爭吵;argue about sth. 就某事爭論

Mary often argues with her mother about which clothes to wear. 瑪麗經(jīng)常和她媽媽爭論穿什么衣服。

They were arguing about the matter again. 他們又在爭論這件事了。

4. offer v. 提供，自愿給予

He offered $4，000 for the car. 他出價四千美元買這輛汽車。

【拓展】 （1） offer表示“提供”時，作雙賓語動詞，常用的結構為：offer sb. sth.相當于offer sth. to sb.“為某人提供某物”。

The restaurant offers free coffee to customers. 餐廳為顧客提供免費咖啡。

=The restaurant offers customers free coffee.

（2） offer to do sth.“主動提出做某事”。

The kind man offered to help the old lady across the road. 那個好心人主動幫助老太太過馬路。

5. compete v. 比賽，競爭

He's hoping to compete in the London marathon. 他期盼著參加倫敦馬拉松比賽。

【拓展】 （1） compete with意為“與……競爭/對抗”，相當于compete against。

It is difficult for a small store to compete with / against a supermarket. 小商店很難與超市競爭。

（2） competition n. 比賽;競爭;competitive adj. 競爭的

6. elder n. 長者;長輩;元老;比……年長的人adj. 年紀較大的;資格老的;老練的

His elder brother is fifteen. He's younger than you. 他哥哥十五歲，比你小。

【拓展】 elder和older的區(qū)別

elder， older這兩個詞均是old的比較級，elder用來表示兄弟姐妹以及子女之間的長幼關系，常用作定語;older泛指新舊、老幼或者年齡大小的關系，可以用作表語或者定語。

（1） elder表示“前輩的，年紀較長的”，僅用于同一家庭成員的比較;older則不限于此。

My younger son is five and my elder son is nine. 我的小兒子5歲，大兒子9歲。

Tom is two years older than me. 湯姆比我年長兩歲。

（2） elder在句中只用作定語，不作表語;older兩者皆可。

My elder sister does her homework all by herself. 我的姐姐獨自做作業(yè)。

I think his mother is older. 我認為他的母親年齡比較大。

（3） elder只能用來指人;older既可修飾人，也可修飾物。

My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen. 我哥哥年僅15歲就參了軍。

This dog is older than any other dogs here. 這條狗在這里是最老的一條。

（4） elderly是形容詞，意為“較老的，上了年紀的”。

She is very busy caring for two elderly relatives. 她在忙著照顧兩個年老的親戚。

7. compare v. 比較

They are always comparing their children with other children. 他們總是把自己的孩子和其他孩子相比。

【拓展】 compare常用結構：compare... with... 把……同……比較;compare... to... 把……比作……。

Don't compare your children with others'. 別把你的孩子和別人的相比。

We often compare the little kids to the flowers of the motherland. 我們經(jīng)常把小孩子比作祖國的花朵。

8. work out

work out意為“解決，成功地發(fā)展”。

I hope the project can work out fine. 我希望這個項目能順利發(fā)展。

【拓展】常見“動詞+out”的短語搭配：point out指出;turn out 結果是;go out出去;give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放;find out 查明;run out 用完;try out 試用，試驗;take out 取出，掏出。

9. so that

so that與so... that都可以引導狀語從句，so that引導目的狀語從句，意為“為的是，結果是”，so... that引導結果狀語從句，意為“如此……以致……”。

They may be able to help with childcare so that you can have a break. 他們可以幫忙照料孩子，這樣你就可以歇一歇了。

He was so young that he couldn't go to school. 他年齡太小不能去上學。

【隨堂檢測】

一、根據(jù)漢語提示補全單詞。

1. Is there anything ___ （有毛?。?with the TV？

2. —How many girls are there in your school？

—I'm not sure. I ___ （猜測） there may be about 560.

3. I like the car very much， but I don't have

___ （足夠的） money to buy it.

4. It's not a big ___ （重要的事） for me. I can find another job.

5. He doesn't ___ （允許） anyone to smoke here.

二、用所給單詞的適當形式填空。

1. We are going to watch a basketball game instead of ___ （stay） at home this afternoon.

2. I can't hear you ___ （clear）. Please speak louder.

3. The students are ___ （worry） about their school grades.

4. Parents shouldn't give their children so much ___ （press）.

三、根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子，每空一詞。

1. 你應該好好學習，以便能進入一所好的高中。

You should study hard ___ ___ you can get into a good high school.

2. 在我看來，他是一個勤奮的學生。

___ ___ ___， he is a hard-working student.

3. 現(xiàn)在我媽媽正在瀏覽報紙。

My mother is ___ ___ the newspapers at the moment.

4. 請把沒有必要的句子刪除。

Please ___ ___ the unnecessary sentences.

5. 這位作家直到獲了獎才出名。

The writer ___ famous ___ he won the award.