Animal Camouflage

陳傳光

語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)語(yǔ)

偽裝是指動(dòng)物將自身融入周圍的環(huán)境避免被其他生物發(fā)現(xiàn)。偽裝是一種古老的藝術(shù)，地球上的生物每天都依靠它生存，有的為了躲避天敵，有的為了捕捉獵物。動(dòng)物們有很多偽裝自己的方式。讓我們一起走進(jìn)下文，看看動(dòng)物們都是如何偽裝自己的吧！

Concealing Coloration

Imagine that you are walking through a snowy field. All of sudden， out of the corner of your eye， you see a white thing run past you. It is a snow shoe hare， and you didnt see it until it started moving. The snow shoe hare is one of many animals that use a form of camouflage called concealing coloration. Concealing coloration happens when an animal is colored so that it blends in with its background. In this case， the snow shoe hare is white to blend in with the snow on the ground.

By disappearing into their surroundings， animals are able to avoid attacks by predators if they remain still or move slowly. In the rainforest， tree frogs are dark green to match the leaves around them.

Disruptive Coloration

Did you know that zebras can outsmart lions？ When a herd of zebras realizes that a lion is about to attack， they all run together. To the lion， the zebra herd appears as one big black and white mass due to their stripes. The lion cant find a zebra easily.

Disguise

Disguise is when animals blend in with their surroundings by looking like another object. An insect that looks like a branch or leaf is using a costume to hide from predators.

Mimicry

Mimicry is when animals or insects look like other dangerous or poisonous animals or insects. They pretend to be what they are not. The elephant hawk caterpillar raises its head and moves from side to side like snake.

詞語(yǔ)沉淀

camouflage /?k?m?flɑ??/ n. 偽裝;隱蔽; hare /he?（r）/ n. 野兔;outsmart /a?t?smɑ?t/ v. 比……精明;智勝; herd /h??d/ n. 獸群;牧群;surrounding /s??ra?ndI/ n. 周圍的人或物; mass /m?s/ n. 一群;一堆;predator /pred?t?（r）/ n. 剝削者;掠奪者;poisonous /?p?Iz?n?s/ adj. 有毒的

典句賞析

1. Concealing coloration happens when an animal is colored so that it blends in with its background. 這種形式的偽裝只有在動(dòng)物自身顏色與周圍環(huán)境相近時(shí)才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。

so that意為“以便”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句;blend in with... 意為“與……協(xié)調(diào)”。

【即時(shí)嘗試】 這件外套和她的膚色很協(xié)調(diào)。

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2. By disappearing into their surroundings， animals are able to avoid attacks by predators if they remain still or move slowly. 通過(guò)將自身顏色融入周圍環(huán)境，動(dòng)物們只要保持靜止或者緩慢移動(dòng)就可以避免很多捕食者的攻擊。

by doing sth. 意為“通過(guò)做某事”;be able to意為“能”，可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，can也意為“能”，但只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí);avoid （doing） sth. 意為“避免（做）某事”。

【即時(shí)嘗試】 李雷將能通過(guò)這次英語(yǔ)考試。

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3. To the lion， the zebra herd appears as one big black and white mass due to their stripes. 在獅子看來(lái)，斑馬群就像一個(gè)巨大的黑白相間的怪物。

to sb. 意為“對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)”;appear as... 意為“以……出現(xiàn)”;due to意為“由于”。

【即時(shí)嘗試】 由于暴風(fēng)雨，他來(lái)晚了。

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4. An insect that looks like a branch or leaf is using a costume to hide from predators. 昆蟲會(huì)變得很像一根樹(shù)枝或者一片樹(shù)葉來(lái)躲避捕食者。

that looks like a branch or leaf是定語(yǔ)從句，用于修飾先行詞insect;use sth. to do sth. 意為“使用某物做某事”;hide from意為“躲著某人”。

【即時(shí)嘗試】 他經(jīng)常躲著他的老朋友。

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譯文助讀

體色隱藏

想象你正走在一片雪地上。突然間，眼角一瞄，看到一個(gè)白色東西跑過(guò)去。其實(shí)那是一只雪鞋兔，它不移動(dòng)的時(shí)候你根本看不到它。雪鞋兔就是一種用體色隱藏來(lái)偽裝自己的動(dòng)物。這種形式的偽裝只有在動(dòng)物自身顏色與周圍環(huán)境相近時(shí)才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。在上述情況下，白色的雪鞋兔完美融入白色的雪地。

通過(guò)將自身顏色融入周圍環(huán)境，動(dòng)物們只要保持靜止或者緩慢移動(dòng)就可以避免很多捕食者的攻擊。在熱帶雨林中，深綠色的樹(shù)蛙將自己隱藏在樹(shù)葉中。

顏色干擾

你知道斑馬要比獅子聰明得多嗎？當(dāng)斑馬群意識(shí)到一頭獅子將它們作為捕食目標(biāo)的時(shí)候，它們會(huì)聚在一起狂奔。對(duì)獅子來(lái)說(shuō)，斑馬群由于身上有斑紋，看起來(lái)像一個(gè)巨大的黑白相間的群體。獅子不能輕易地找到一只斑馬。

掩飾

動(dòng)物們經(jīng)常會(huì)使自身變得很像周圍環(huán)境中的一樣?xùn)|西來(lái)隱藏自己。昆蟲會(huì)變得很像一根樹(shù)枝或者一片樹(shù)葉來(lái)躲避捕食者。

模擬

模擬是指動(dòng)物和昆蟲將自身假裝成其他具有危險(xiǎn)性或者有毒的動(dòng)物和昆蟲的樣子。它們掩飾原來(lái)的身份。象鷹毛蟲抬起頭，就像蛇一樣左右移動(dòng)。