走進(jìn)“there be”王國(guó)

王桂馨

一、there be結(jié)構(gòu)用法歸納

there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“有”，其確切含義是“存在”，表示“某地（時(shí)）有某物（人）”。如：

There is a desk in the bedroom. 臥室里有一張書桌。

There are seven days in a week. 一個(gè)星期有七天。

1. there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的there 是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有實(shí)際意義，主語是be后的名詞。其中be的形式隨名詞來確定：主語是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)用are。如：

There is a purse here. 這里有一個(gè)錢包。

There is some money in the purse. 錢包里有一些錢。

There are 48 students in Class Eight. 八班有48個(gè)學(xué)生。

2. there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，不論作主語的名詞有幾個(gè)，be動(dòng)詞只與第一個(gè)名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致，這被稱為“就近原則”。如：

There is a teacher and many students in the computer room. 電腦房里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。

There are two cards and some money in the box. 箱子里有兩張卡片和一些錢。

3. there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某處有某物（人）”，強(qiáng)調(diào)存在，并不特指某物是誰的，因此作主語的名詞前常用表示泛指的a， an， some， any， many， much， a lot of， a few， a little等詞或數(shù)詞修飾，而不用定冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞來修飾。如：

There is a bag on the bed. It is hers.

4. there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語通常置于句末，但強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)時(shí)，也可置于句首。如：

On this floor there is a reading room. 在這層樓上有一個(gè)閱覽室。（強(qiáng)調(diào)在這層樓上）

This afternoon there is an English class. 今天下午有一節(jié)英語課。（強(qiáng)調(diào)今天下午）

二、there be結(jié)構(gòu)句子形式

1. there be結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式是在be后加上not，如果句中有some，要改為any。如：

There is a big library in our school. →There is not a big library in our school.

2. there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句形式是把be動(dòng)詞提到句首，即“Is there...？”或“Are there...？”，肯定答語用“Yes， there is / are”，否定答語用“No， there isnt / arent.”，如果句中有some，要改為any。如：

There are some girls behind the house. →Are there any girls behind the house？ Yes， there are. / No， there arent.

3. there be結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊疑問句形式是“疑問詞+一般疑問句？”。

對(duì)主語提問通常用what，省去引導(dǎo)詞there。即用句型“what is + 地點(diǎn)狀語？”。如：

There are some books on the desk. →What is on the desk？

對(duì)數(shù)量提問用“How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there +其他？” 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的數(shù)量提問用“How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+其他？”如：

There is a tree in the garden.→How many trees are there in the garden？

There is some milk in the cup.→How much milk is there in the cup？

注意： has / have也表示“有”，在表示所屬或部分關(guān)系時(shí)，可以和there be句型相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

There is a big playground in our school.

→ Our school has a big playground.

但是，一定不能把have和there be兩者混用。如：

誤：There has a small park near my school.

正：There is a small park near my school.

【例題解析】

1. There? a large bowl of jiaozi on the

table.

A. is? ? B. are? ? C. be

【解析】 A。a large bowl of jiaozi意為“一大碗餃子”，是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，故用is。

2. —Lucy， there? too many things on the desk. What a mess！

—Sorry， Mum. Ill put them away.

A. have? B. is? ? C. are

【解析】 C。too many things意為“許多東西”，是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故用are。

3. —Whats in the picture on the wall？

—There? a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.

A. has? B. are? C. is? ? D. have

【解析】 C。There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，不論作主語的名詞有幾個(gè)，be動(dòng)詞只與第一個(gè)名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。根據(jù)就近原則，a teacher是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，故用is。

【牛刀小試】

I. 選擇填空。

1. There? a picture on the wall.

A. am? B. is? ? C. are D. has

2. There? a book， two pens and some pencils in the box.

A. have B. are? ? C. is? ? D. be

3. There? three boys near the window.

A. is? ? B. be? ? C. has? ? D. are

4.? any trees in your new school？

A. There is? ? B. Is there

C. There are? ? D. Are there

5. —How many students? in your class？

—There are forty students in my class.

A. are there? ? B. there are

C. is there? ? D. there is

6. —Whats on the wall？

— three pictures on it.

A. There are? ? B. There is

C. Are there? ? D. Is there

II. 完成句子。

1. There is some water in the cup. （改為否定句）

There? ?water in the cup.

2. There are some old boxes in the room. （改為單數(shù)形式）

There? ?old box in the room.

3. There is an English teacher there. （改為一般疑問句并作否定回答）

an English teacher there？? No，? .

4. There is an American student in our class. （對(duì)劃線部分提問）

American? ?there in your class？

5. There is a big desk in front of the black- board. （對(duì)劃線部分提問）

in front of the blackboard？