南水北調(diào)中線工程藻水分離技術(shù)研究

王文 苗淳洋 李昊

摘 要：南水北調(diào)中線工程干渠藻類滋生，從干渠內(nèi)攔截或者從邊坡抽吸的藻水混合物數(shù)量很大，受場地制約和環(huán)保要求必須對藻水混合物進(jìn)行藻水分離。利用振動篩的工作原理，由激振系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的激振力帶動篩箱振動，通過高密度篩網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)藻水分離，分離后的水可直接流回干渠或灌溉干渠兩側(cè)綠化帶，分離后的藻漿進(jìn)行收集外運。針對藻類濃度的變化，可以改變藻水分離振動裝置激振系統(tǒng)的頻率和振幅，實現(xiàn)可調(diào)頻、可調(diào)幅的振動分離功能。該裝置可以與干渠節(jié)制閘自動化攔藻設(shè)備或渠道邊坡除藻車配合使用，實現(xiàn)攔藻、除藻和藻水分離同步進(jìn)行。試驗結(jié)果表明，該裝置性能穩(wěn)定、運行安全可靠，藻水分離效果良好，機械自動化水平高，可以為南水北調(diào)中線工程環(huán)境維護(hù)節(jié)約大量人力、物力和財力。

關(guān)鍵詞：藻水分離;篩網(wǎng);南水北調(diào)中線工程

中圖分類號：TV213; TV53 ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.07.018

Abstract：The algae grow rapidly in the main canal of the Mid-Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. There are too much mixtures of algae and water removed from the main canal or the side slope， and the algae separation is necessary for the limited space and the environmental requirements. The working principle of the vibrating screen was used， and the vibration of the screen box was induced by the excitation system of the algae separation equipment， and the algae were separated by the high density screen. The water was used to irrigate the greenbelt along both sides of the main canal or returned to the main canal after filtration， and the algae were collected for transportation. The frequency and amplitude of the excitation system could be changed according to the different concentration of the algae water， therefore the algae vibrational separation equipment was both frequency-adjustable and amplitude-adjustable. This equipment could work together with the automatic mechanical algae removal equipment of the main canal sluice or the algae removal truck of the side slope， then the algae could be separated as soon as they were removed from the canal or the side slope. The results show that this equipment has the advantages of steady performance， safe and reliable operation， and good effects of the algae separation and highly mechanized. This equipment can save a lot of manpower， material resources and financial resources for environmental maintenance of the Mid-Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Key words： algae separation; screen; Mid-Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project

隨著人類社會工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的加快，工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)以及人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钆盼奂铀倭藘?nèi)陸湖泊、水庫等緩流水體的富營養(yǎng)化。水體富營養(yǎng)化導(dǎo)致藻類滋生，大量繁殖的藻類呈膠質(zhì)狀覆蓋在河面上或懸浮在水中，使水體中溶解氧含量快速減少，破壞水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡，藻類還會釋放毒性較強的藻毒素，影響用水者的身體健康[1]。南水北調(diào)中線工程作為一項重大的民生工程，有效緩解了華北地區(qū)的用水壓力，但是每年6—11月干渠一些區(qū)段藻類滋生，水面一定深度下邊坡上附著大量藻類，嚴(yán)重影響水體質(zhì)量。目前南水北調(diào)中線干渠主要采用機械或人工打撈的除藻方式[2]，例如在干渠節(jié)制閘門處設(shè)置自動化過濾設(shè)備攔截藻類，或使用渠道邊坡除藻車沖洗和抽吸岸坡上附著的藻類。但是攔截或抽吸上來的藻水混合物數(shù)量很大，沒有足夠大的場地或容器進(jìn)行存放和處理，外運處理經(jīng)濟(jì)上不可行[3]，采取渠岸自然放置處理，未能有效處置的藻類會腐爛發(fā)臭，對環(huán)境造成二次污染[4]。因此，在前期藻類清除和攔截的基礎(chǔ)上，如何對收集的藻類進(jìn)行脫水分離并有效利用，是當(dāng)前亟待解決的技術(shù)問題。