方言是一包什么藥

泓一飛

What Kind of Medicine for Dialect

——Thoughts on Reading The People of Chongqing Will Never Do Things Sloppily

Article | Hong Yifei

方言是一包藥，可解躁，解乏，還能去體病，心病，為何？

因為方言里藏了無窮的機巧，人情世故，懂了，江湖無非是快意恩仇，不懂的，就當(dāng)聽個笑話，事后想起來，還能余味無窮。

對方言的輯錄、探究，古已有之。早有西漢時期四川人楊雄的《方言》，后有當(dāng)下林林總總的方言圖冊。不過，我覺得，《重慶人絕不拉稀擺帶》更有特點。為重慶方言追根溯源，從《紅樓夢》《金瓶梅》里找出處，在《水滸傳》《三俠五義》中覓蹤影，讀來，陡增趣見博識，更加熱戀一方風(fēng)土對古漢語的繼承。

《重慶人絕不拉稀擺帶》可算是一部集方言、民俗、掌故于一體，閑趣滿滿的巴蜀風(fēng)情錄。

Dialect is a package of medicine. which can solve irri-tability， fatigue， but also relieve physical illness and anxi-ety， why？

Because the dialect conceals endless ingenuity and traditionalcode of conduct， if you understand it， Jianghu is nothing but joy-fulness and enrnity， but if you don't understand it， you just take itas a joke， leaving a lasting and pleasant impression when think of itafterwards.

The compilation and exploration of dialects have existedsince ancient times. From Dialect wrote by Yang Xiong，a nativeof Sichuan Province as early as the Western Han Dynasty to manycurrent dialect illustrated books.I feel that The People of ChongqingWill Never Do Things Sloppily is more characteristic，tracing the originof Chongqing dialect. finding the source from A Dream of Red Man-sions and Jin Ping Mei，and finding traces in Water Margin and Three Chiv-alry and Five Righteousness. Reading it will have more fun and broadenthe horizon， making us to more passionate about the inheritanceof ancient Chinese to natural and social customs of one place.

The People of Chongqing Will Never Do Things Sloppily could be re-garded the Bashu customs full of fun. with integration of dia-lect. folklore and anecdote.

此書布局宏大，分類精當(dāng)，闡釋生動。

全書分為成謀篇、人情篇、形容篇、性格篇、飲食篇，納重慶言子近百條——打響片兒、觀火、豁飄、叉巴、哦喝、三腳貓、打幺臺……其詩化故事、俗下人生、史海鉤沉、時髦新語，勾連成章，智趣豐盈。

重慶方言“夜不收”，來源于元代的古語。強雯引述元雜劇、講明東廠故事，夜不收的間諜身份，到今天演變成了夜貓子。作者寫得個歡歡騰騰、氤氤氳氳，那商販、民工、編輯、警察、球迷、主持人、讀書郎一起入文，呈現(xiàn)出林林總總的市井生活，讀來足見世態(tài)百相，如品文化盛宴，除明其象外，還明其趣，明其理，明其戒斥。字里行間蕩恢弘之氣，散悠雅之情。

重慶方言“丁對與丁不對”，作者除述其淵源，還拽拔出潘金蓮與李瓶兒的糾葛，牽涉上曾國藩和左宗棠的袍割;重慶方言“打眼”，如今形容重慶美女，也不過是古義今用。西廂記的作者王實甫，在他的另一部元雜劇《破窯記》中，就已經(jīng)對“打眼”有了活脫脫的描繪，顏值高叫“打眼”，才入得我的法眼，原來古人和今人趣味皆同，讓人莞爾。

作者強雯梳理方言，不作機械輯錄，不作學(xué)究派束之高閣的語法枯解，而是引出一個個小故事——歷代嘉后鴻儒，四相迭現(xiàn);今間莽夫細(xì)婆，五味雜陳。鴻爪雪泥，信手拈來，重慶人的寬容、溫馨、世故、狡黠、睿智便展露無遺。巴山之耿直、渝水之柔順便會在我們的行品中生根、開花。

The book is grand in layout， well-classified and vivid in explanation.

The book is divided into plot part，human feelings part， description part，personality part and diet part， includingclose to one hundred Chongqing dialects-Da Xiang Pian'er， Guan Huo， HuoPiao. Cha Ba. Oh Ho. San Jiao Mao. DaYao Tai...featuring poetic story， vulgarlife， historical stories. fashionable newlanguage to be connected into chapters ，rich in wisdom and interest.

Chongqing dialect "Ye Bu Shou" isderived from the ancient saying in YuanDynasty. By quoting Yuan dram a， QiangWen tells the story of Dongchang and thespy identity of Ye Bu Shou . evolving intothe dialect Ye Mao Zi today. The authordepicts a joyous and misty atmosphere，with merchant， migrant worker. editor，policeman ， fan. host and reader all wrotetogether， showing a wide range of life inthe marketplace. Reading it， one can seethe various aspects of the world， justlike tasting the culture feast. In additionto revealing its image， one can also seeits fun. its reason and its reprimand.Magnificent glamor swings among thelines . scattering elegant feeling.

For the Chongqing dialect "DingDui and Ding Bu Dui" ， in addition to itsorigin， the author also raises Pan Jinlianand Li Pinger' s entanglement. andconnects to intercourse between ZengGuofan and Zuo Zongtang ; regarding theChongqing dialect "Da Yan" . now it isused to describe the beautiful woman inChongqing， which is just making use ofancient meaning for today' s application.Wang Shifu， the author of The Romance ofthe Western Chamber， already gives a vividdepiction of "Da Yan" in his other Yuandrama ， A Tale of a Broken Kiln. Only whenhe calls it "Da Yan" for high appearancevalue person can he like it. It turns out thatboth the ancients and the present peoplehave the same tastes and make us smile.

The author Qiang Wen combs thedialect， does not make the mechanicalcompilation. does not explain the grammarCctory one by one—Learned scholarS Overpast dyrlaSties are kept on appearing in foUrphase;the booriSh fellows and Slim ladieSare filled With miXed feelingS at preSent.Picking up gOOSe foot prints and snowmud at random demonStrateS toleranCe.warmth，sophiStication，cunning，wisdomof Chongqing people.The straightforwardof BaShan and the gentle of Yushui will takeroot and blossom in our Works.

側(cè)身寰宇，方言無處不在。

據(jù)統(tǒng)計，世界七大語系之一的印歐語系就包含443種方言，使用人口30億;中國使用人口散落的客家話就有7000萬。

戲劇、民族節(jié)日、外來民工都需要方言，方言保護亟不可待。強雯此書，已展現(xiàn)了其作家責(zé)任。國內(nèi)從l934年陳龍輝的《臺灣語法》到2003年方小燕的《廣州方言句末語氣詞》，已有幾十種研究方言的書籍，但都落入學(xué)究而深鎖閨中，強雯之書頗具實用性，徜徉其書園，真是欣欣然——妙語滿枝，鄉(xiāng)音在耳。

其實，作者強雯乃山城人，自小對重慶方言耳濡目染。方言式微的今天，她還多次到巫溪、秀山、潼南、涪陵的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村莊，尋找?guī)捉У姆窖裕^火、搞豪、老火……這些粗獷而嘹亮的重慶諢語，暗藏獨特的地方文化。強雯以如椽之筆，記述故事、體味情理，為生生不息的鄉(xiāng)音——重慶方言代言。說到做到，一言九鼎，重慶人就來一句“絕不拉稀擺帶”;朋友衣錦還鄉(xiāng)來個“打響片”;疼惜愛人受苦，偏偏嘴上不饒人，來句“臉青面黑”;刻薄不辦人事，只會敗家子的，叫“裝正神”。重慶人的詼諧和幽默，在方言中，比比皆是。

Dialects are ubiquitous all over theworld.

According to the statistics-Indo-European language family ， one of theseven largest language families in theworld ， contains 443 dialects . withpopulation of 3 billion using them ; inChina. there are 70 million people usescattered Hakka dialect.

Dialect is required for drama . nationalfestivals and migrant workers. and dialectprotection is very vital. Qiang Wen's bookhas shown her responsibility as a writer.From Chen Longhui' s Grammar of Taiwanin 1934 to Fang Xiaoyan' s Modal Particles atthe End of Sentences in Guangzhou Dialect in 2003 .there have been dozens of books on dialectstudies in China . but all of them havefallen into the academic study. The bookwrote by Qiang Wen is fully practical.feeling joyful while wandering its bookgarden-dotting with wonderful wordswith local accent hovering around the ear.

In fact， the author Qiang Wen is a nativeof the mountain city and has been impressedby Chongqing dialect since childhood. Attoday' s era when dialect is declining ， sheeven visited to Wuxi. Xiushan. Tongnan，F(xiàn)uling's townships and villages ， lookingfor almost disappeared dialect. Guan Huo，Gao Hao. Lao Huo ...these rough andloud Chongqing target language hiddensunique local culture. Qiang Wen， with herbig writing brush. describes the story，appreciates the reason sense， and speaks forthe endless local sound-Chongqing dialect.Say what you say and do it， and the peopleof Chongqing will say， Never do thingssloppily; say "Da Xiang Pian" whenfriends return to their hometown; care withlover for suffering ， but not forgive peopleon the mouth. to say "Lian Qing MianHei"; If you are mean and do the despicablethings， but only ruin the family， that'Scalled "Zhuang Zheng Shen". The wit andhumor of Chongqing people can be foundeverywhere in the dialect.

方言就是我們的鄉(xiāng)情、鄉(xiāng)愁永恒的載體。

強雯的視角既有廣角，也有特寫。方言在普通話、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，在學(xué)生、民工、商旅輕松走天下的大環(huán)境下踉蹌前行。方言因城鎮(zhèn)化而邊緣化、夾縫化、老齡化，但方言是地域、民族文化的代表：不論是秦腔嘶吼、吳儂軟語，不論是來自市井的“焦苦”“溜酸”、《詩經(jīng)》的“弗慮弗圖”（無考慮）、《水調(diào)歌頭》的“明月‘幾時’有”，不論是東北話的形象、豪爽，維族語的鏗鏘、眉飛色舞，都是中華大地奇妙的人文景觀。埋葬于地下的文字破譯、古代歷史解讀、詩詞韻律判斷、戲劇演出都需要方言。

相逢意氣為君飲，是重慶人的性格，也是《重慶人絕不拉稀擺帶》一書的氣質(zhì)。重慶方言以巴蜀方言為基礎(chǔ)，并受全國通用語、歷代移民語、周邊方言影響，形成了土家話、苗家話、泯江小片、土廣東話、老湖廣話等，以風(fēng)趣、幽默贏得人民喜愛。

重慶方言聽上去很俗，其實很雅，這大概就是《重慶人絕不拉稀擺帶》希望傳遞的光芒。

古漢語的繼承和發(fā)展，在本書中管窺一豹。而作者強雯無疑是以一己之力吹響了記錄、保護、傳承方言文化的號角。

Dialect is the eternal carrier of ourhomesickness and nostalgia.

The perspective of Qiang Wen is bothwide-angel and close-up. The dialectis staggering forward against the bigenvironment in which the widespreadutilization of mandarin on the Internetand by the students， migrant workers andbusinessman during traveling. Dialectis marginalized， segmented and agedbecause of urbanization， but dialect isthe representative of region and nationalculture： no matter it is the roar of Qinopera or Wu Nong soft language; whetherit is from the market. "jiao Ku" "LiuSuan" . "Fu Lv Fu Tu" in Book of Odes（without consideration）， "Ming Yue" "jiShi" and "You" in Prelude To Water Melody;whether the imagery and straightforwardof the Northeast dialect， ching-changand beam with joy of Uighur language-are the wondrous cultural landscape ofthe Chinese land. Dialect is needed forthe interpretation of characters buriedunderground ， the interpretation of ancienthistory， the judgment of prosody ofpoems ， and theatrical performances.

Congenial get together， drink heartilyrepresents the personality of Chongqingpeople ， but also the temperament of thebook The People of Chongqing Will Never Do ThingsSloppily. Chongqing dialect is based on Bashudialect. and influenced by the nationalcommon language ， immigrant languageand surrounding dialects， forming Tujiadialect ， Miao dialect， Minjiang dialect ，Tuguangdong dialect and Laohuguangdialect. which are popular with the peoplefor their humor and wit.

Chongqing dialect sounds veryvulgar， but in fact it is very elegant，this is probably the rays of light thatThe People of Chongqing Will Never Do ThingsSloppily hope to convey hopes to deliver.

This book only reflects small parts ofthe inheritance and development of ancientChinese. While the author Qiang Wen takesadvantage of her own strength to record ，protect and inherit the dialect culture.