賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)解析（二）

楊慶春

【考點(diǎn)3】賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

1. 在賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合句中，無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他”。

I want to know when the train left. 我想知道火車(chē)是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)的。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money？ 你能告訴我怎么用這筆錢(qián)嗎？

2. 對(duì)比區(qū)分陳述語(yǔ)序和疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。

（1）有些特殊疑問(wèn)句本身是陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：

What’s wrong with...？

Which is the way to...？

What happened to you...？

What’s the matter/trouble...？

Who studies the hardest in your class？

（2）Do you often speak English？（疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序）

畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)？

Tom asked me if/whether I often spoke English.（陳述語(yǔ)序）

畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分基本結(jié)構(gòu)：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)。

（3） When will you visit the park？（疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序）

畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分基本結(jié)構(gòu)：疑問(wèn)詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)？

Tom asked me when I would visit the park.（陳述語(yǔ)序）

畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分基本結(jié)構(gòu)：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)。

注意：在疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序中，助動(dòng)詞要放在主語(yǔ)之前;

而在陳述語(yǔ)序中，有時(shí)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞，如果有的話(huà)要放在主語(yǔ)之后。

【考點(diǎn)練習(xí)】

1. （2019·遼寧·鐵嶺） —Could you please tell me ？

—Sure. Go to the third floor， please.

A. which postcards I should take B. what kind of postcards you have

C. when I should pay for the postcards D. where I can get some postcards

2.（2019 ·遼寧·撫順）— Hi， Alice. I wonder .

— I often go swimming in the sport center.

A. where you skate? ? ? ? ? ? B. What you do on the weekend

C. when you exercise? ? ? ? ? D. whether you enjoy your weekend

3. （2019·江蘇·連云港）—Excuse me， I’m afraid we’re lost. Could you tell us ？

—Sure. Go along the street for about 15 minutes， and then you’ll see it.

A. how can I get to Wanda Shopping Mall B. where Wanda Shopping Mall is

C. how far is Wanda Shopping Mall D. where is Wanda Shopping Mall

4. （2020·江蘇·連云港）I have some tickets for the football match. I called my friends to see .

A. where did they buy them? ? ? B. why they liked to go there

C. when did we go together? ? ? D. whether they’d like to go

5. （2020·河北）My cousin will drive me to school today， but I don’t know .

A. what he’ll go? ? ? ? B. where he’ll go

C. when we’ll leave? ? ? D. why we’ll go there

Keys：DBBDC

【考點(diǎn)4】賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的制約，即賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)。

（1）主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不受限制，可用各種合適的時(shí)態(tài)。

I don’t think that you are right.我認(rèn)為你是不對(duì)的。

Please tell me where he was last night.請(qǐng)告訴我他昨天晚上在哪。

I want to know how long you have been in Beijing.我想知道你在北京待了多久了。

（2）主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。

He said he was working hard on Chinese.

他說(shuō)他在努力學(xué)習(xí)中文。

She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

她很遺憾沒(méi)有按時(shí)完成工作。

Her father said that he would buy a new computer the next week.

她爸爸說(shuō)下周將買(mǎi)臺(tái)新電腦。

He told us what happened to him in 2006.

他告訴我們2006年發(fā)生在他身上的事。

注意：當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或者諺語(yǔ)時(shí)，不管主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

The teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.

老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。

The teacher told the boys two and two is four.老師告訴孩子們2加2等于4。

【考點(diǎn)練習(xí)】

1. （2019·四川·達(dá)州） —Jeff， could you tell me if it tomorrow？ If it tomorrow， I will stay at home.

—It’s reported that it will be sunny， let’s go camping on the Fenghuang mountain.

A. rain; rain? ? ? B. rains; rain

C. will rain; rains?   D. will rain; will rain

2. （2019 ·湖北·鄂州） —Mary， I remember you several years ago.

—Yes， I for 3 years.

A. married， have married? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. married， married

C. married， have been married? ? ? ? ? D. have married， have been married

3. （2019·四川·內(nèi)江）Tom said he basketball with his classmates from 4：00 to 6：00 yesterday afternoon.

A. is played B. was playing C. plays D. had played

4. （2020·湖北·襄陽(yáng)）—Has Jack solved the difficult math problem？

—Not yet. But I believe he in a few minutes.

A. has worked it out? ? ? B. will work it out

C. was working it out? ? D. works it out

5.（2020·黑龍江·哈爾濱）—Could you tell me ？

—There is nothing but some old model plants.

A. what’s in the room B. what can you see in the room C. who in the room is

Keys：CCBBA