李曉夢(mèng)
在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中,我們常遇到only與其他詞或結(jié)構(gòu)搭配來表達(dá)不同的意思,現(xiàn)將這些用法總結(jié)如下:
一、only引導(dǎo)的詞組或句子放在句首作狀語時(shí),通常要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Only in this way can you solve the problem.
只有通過這種方式,你才能解決問題。
Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.
只有努力學(xué)習(xí)才能通過考試。
Only then did I realize my mistake.
直到那時(shí),我才意識(shí)到錯(cuò)了。
二、not only...(but also)出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí),如果連接的是兩個(gè)句子,常用倒裝。如:
Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives.
我們不僅丟了錢,還差點(diǎn)把命丟了。
Not only did he speak correctly,but he also spoke easily.
他不僅說得準(zhǔn)確,而且說得很輕松。
三、only放在不定式前面,常表示不愉快或出乎人們意料的結(jié)果。如:
I went all the way to his home only to find him out at a meeting.
我直接到他家里去,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去開會(huì)了。
I hurried to the post office only to find it closed.
我匆忙趕到郵局,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。
She went home only to find her house burglarized.
她回到家,發(fā)現(xiàn)家里被盜了。
四、“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定意思,但在“only too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中,only too 等同于 very,表示肯定意思。如:
The patient is too weak to walk.
那個(gè)病人太虛弱了,走不動(dòng)。
We are only too willing to do it for you.
我們非常愿意為你做這件事。
I am only too delighted to accept your invitation.
我非常高興接受你的邀請(qǐng)。
五、在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但在“the only one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句修飾“the only one”,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:
This is one of the best novels that have been published in the past two years.
這是近兩年出版的最好的小說之一。
He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
他是這些孩子中唯一獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的。
She is the only one of the girls who has been to the US.
她是那些女孩中唯一去過美國(guó)的。
六、if only 為虛擬語氣的一種,通常表示愿望或一個(gè)未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件,多用于感嘆句,其主句常常省略。如:
If only he had known about it!
他那時(shí)要是知道這件事該多好!
If only you could have been here earlier that day!
要是你那天再早點(diǎn)到這兒就好了。
If only there were forty-eight hours in a day.
要是一天有48個(gè)小時(shí)就好了。