朱秀蘭
When引導從句時,其意義和用法很多。為了幫助大家弄清when引導的各種從句,現總結如下:
一、引導時間狀語從句
1.表示“當......的時候”,相當于at the moment。如:
When we got to the cinema , the film had been on for half an hour.
當我們到達電影院時,電影已經放映半個小時了。
2.表示“一......就......”,相當于as soon as。如:
The students got up when the bell rang.
鈴聲一響,學生們就起床了。
3.表示“就在這時;當時”相當于just at the moment或just then。如:
We were about to start out when it began to rain heavily.
我們正要啟程,就在這時,天下起了大雨。
4.表示“每當;每次“,相當于every time或whenever。如:
She always turns to us for help when she is in trouble.
每當遇到困難時,她總是向我們求助。
5.表示“當......之后;在......以后”,相當于after the time that。如:
When she got home, she started to prepare supper.
她回到家后,開始準備晚飯。
二、引導條件狀語從句
When引導的條件狀語從句相當于 if/in case引導的條件狀語從句。如:
When there is no gravity , our feet can no longer stay on the ground.
如果沒有重力,我們的腳就不能在地面上站穩(wěn)。
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
如果機器發(fā)生故障,就把電閘關上。
三、引導原因狀語從句
When引導原因狀語從句時,相當于since/now that引導的原因狀語從句。如:
How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television?
既然他們把所有的空閑時間都用來看電視了,怎能學到什么東西呢?
Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one?
既然你已經有了這么好的一份工作,為什么還要再找新的工作呢?
四、引導讓步狀語從句
When引導的讓步狀語從句相當于 though 或although引導的讓步狀語從句。如:
He usually walks when he might ride.
雖然有車可騎,但他通常是步行。
The little girl can tell right from wrong when she is only twelve.
這個小女孩雖然只有12歲,卻能分清是非。
五、引導定語從句
When引導定語從句時,有時可用in which或on which來替代。如:
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.
我們要把野餐推遲到下周,那時天氣可能好些。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the party.
我將永遠不會忘記我入黨的那一天。
六、引導名詞性從句
1.引導賓語從句。如:
Please tell us when his father will return from abroad.
請告訴我們他父親什么時候從國外回來。
2.引導主語從句。如:
When they will leave for Australia hasn’t been decided.
他們什么時候動身去澳大利亞還沒有決定。
3.引導表語從句。如:
The question is when they will get so much money to set up the factory.
問題是他們將在什么時候弄到這么多錢來把這個工廠辦起來。
4.引導同位語從句。如:
I have no idea when he came back last night.
我不知道他昨晚是什么時候回來的。
小練習:翻譯句子。
1.當我趕到飛機場時,客人們已經離開了。
2.下周經理來這參觀時,我會和他談談此事。
3.老師進來的時候,你在寫信嗎?
Keys:
1. When I got to the airport,the guests had left.
2. When the manager comes here for a visit next week,I’ll talk with him about this.
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in?