賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化“六法”

朱秀蘭

【方法一】

當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise 等，后接賓語(yǔ)從句，且從句與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Su Feng hopes he will be back very soon.

→ Su Feng hopes to be back very soon. 蘇鋒希望能很快回來。

We decided that we would help him.

→ We decided to help him. 我們決定幫助他。

【方法二】

當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell 等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，且主句與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

She has forgotten how she opened the window.

→ She has forgotten how to open the window. 她已經(jīng)忘記怎樣打開那扇窗戶了。

當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell， ask， show， teach 等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，且后帶雙賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？

→ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 你能告訴我到車站的路嗎？

但是，如果間接賓語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)不一致，一般不要把賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化，否則會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。如：

He didn’t tell me where he would go.

→ He didn’t tell me where to go.

簡(jiǎn)化的句子含義可能有以下兩種：“他沒有告訴我他要去什么地方”或“他沒有告訴我我要去什么地方”。

【方法三】

當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句主語(yǔ)不一樣，賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.

→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once. ?校長(zhǎng)命令我們立即出發(fā)。

【方法四】

在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。如：

He insisted that he should go with us.

→ He insisted on going with us. 他堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為應(yīng)該和我們一起去。

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.

→ The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

這個(gè)可憐的孩子不知道他出生于何時(shí)何地。

【方法五】

某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+v.-ing形式（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”。如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.

→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 劉萍發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有個(gè)錢包。

【方法六】

某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以用不定式（短語(yǔ)）來簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。如?/p>

It seemed that the boys were going to win.

→ The boys seemed to win. 男孩子們看起來要獲勝了。

除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well.

→ I found it difficult to learn English well. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很困難。

We found that the ground was covered with thick snow.

→ We found the ground covered with thick snow. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被厚厚的雪覆蓋了。

【鞏固提高】

根據(jù)上句完成下句，使兩句意思基本相同或相近。

1. I’ll take back what I said.

I’ll take back_______.

2. The teacher found that the boy was very interested in science.

The teacher found the boy _______science.

3. I really don’t know what I should read.

I really don’t know_______.

4. I forget I have closed the window.

I forget_______the window.