Module 5 Ethnic Culture

本模塊知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)

高考詞匯

run? ?v.

hatch? ?v.

farm? ?v.

fish? ?v.

fasten? ?v.

fold? ?v.

adjust? ?v.

minority? ?n.

belt? ?n.

custom? ?n.

apron? ?n.

pineapple? ?n.

crop? ?n.

opera? ?n.

hammer? ?n.

tyre? ?n.

jungle? ?n.

soul? ?n.

ox? ?n.

spear? ?n.

garment? ?n.

sleeve? ?n.

necklace? ?n.

jewellery? ?n.

arch? ?n.

framework? ?n.

fibre? ?n.

corn? ?n.

spade? ?n.

tool? ?n.

chick? ?n.

rooster? ?n.

mat? ?n.

teapot? ?n.

waist? ?n.

nephew? ?n.

garage? ?n.

rainbow? ?n.

ethnic? ?adj.

diverse? ?adj.

native? ?adj.

varied? ?adj.

foolish? ?adj.

lame? ?adj.

firm? ?adj.

rigid? ?adj.

loose? ?adj.

bare? ?adj.

awkward? ?adj.

apparently? ?adv.

常用短語

in use

in the distance

have a population of

set off

詞匯短語園地

1. minority? ?n.? ?少數(shù)民族，少數(shù)群體;少數(shù)，少數(shù)派，

少數(shù)人

The school is 95 percent minority.

這所學(xué)校里95%的學(xué)生來自少數(shù)族裔。

For a minority， the decision was a disappointment.

這個決定令少數(shù)人失望。

辨析：比較minority和majority

兩者互為反義詞，minority意思是“少數(shù)人;少數(shù)民族”，而majority意思是“大多數(shù)，大部分”。

On the last point， he realized， he was a minority of one.

在上一點上，他意識到自己是孤掌難鳴的少數(shù)派。

The majority of people interviewed prefer computer to TV.

大多數(shù)接受采訪的人都喜歡玩電腦而不喜歡看電視。

2. native? ?adj.? ?出生地的，兒時居住地的;土生土長的，

本地的，當(dāng)?shù)氐?/p>

n.? ?出生于某國（或某地）的人;本地人，當(dāng)?shù)厝?/p>

It is a long time since he visited his native Poland.

他很久沒回過他的家鄉(xiāng)波蘭了。

These fish are native to North? America.

這些魚原產(chǎn)于北美。

After all， Carlo is a native of Nevada， and he knows his way around.

畢竟卡羅是土生土長的內(nèi)華達州人。他對那一帶很熟悉。

You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.

游客與當(dāng)?shù)厝酥g的區(qū)別一望即知。

3. run? ?v.? ?控制，管理，經(jīng)營;跑，奔跑;（使）運轉(zhuǎn)，

運行;操作

Stop trying to run my life for me.

別老想操縱我的生活。

He has no idea how to run a business.

他絲毫不懂企業(yè)管理。

Our van runs on diesel.

我們的貨車用的是柴油。

Could you run the engine for a moment？

你來操作一會兒發(fā)動機好嗎？

（1） run across sb/sth? ?偶然遇見/看到（某人/某物）

（2） run after? ?追求;追逐，追趕

（3） run away （from sb/sth）? ?突然離開，逃離

（4） run out? ?用完，耗盡;過期，失效

4. custom? ?n.? ?風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣，傳統(tǒng)，習(xí)俗;個人習(xí)慣，

習(xí)性，慣常行為

It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.

女子早婚是那個國家的風(fēng)俗。

As was his custom， he knocked three times.

他敲了三下，這是他的習(xí)慣。

辨析：比較custom，habit和tradition

三者都有“習(xí)慣”的意思，其中custom指一個國家、民族、社會的行為方式或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣;habit則側(cè)重于自然養(yǎng)成的、不易改掉的個人習(xí)慣;而tradition側(cè)重世代相傳的理論、行為規(guī)范和生活方式。

Social customs are greatly different from country to country.

國與國之間的社會風(fēng)俗大不相同。

You need to change your eating habits.

你得改變你的飲食習(xí)慣。

They broke with tradition and got married quietly.

他們打破傳統(tǒng)，毫不聲張地結(jié)了婚。

customer? ?n.? ?顧客，主顧，客戶

customs? ?n.（政府部門）海關(guān);關(guān)稅，進口稅

5. foolish? ?adj.? ?愚蠢的，傻的;出丑;顯得尷尬

You ought to be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.

你應(yīng)當(dāng)為自己的愚蠢行為而感到羞恥。

Hes afraid of looking foolish in front of his friends.

他怕在朋友面前出丑。

fool? ?n.? ?蠢人，傻瓜

v.? ?欺騙，愚弄;說蠢話，干傻事（常為逗樂）

foolishly? ?adv.? ?愚蠢地，傻地

foolishness? ?n.? ?愚蠢

6. firm? ?adj.? ?牢固的，穩(wěn)固的;堅固的，堅硬的，結(jié)實的;

堅定的，確定的，堅決的;嚴(yán)格的

adv.? ?堅信，堅持

v.? ? ? ?使強壯，使堅固，使堅實

n.? ? ? ?商行，商號，公司

Stand the fish tank on a firm base.

把魚缸放在牢固的基座上。

These peaches are still firm.

這些桃子還很硬。

We have no firm evidence to support the case.

我們沒有確鑿的證據(jù)支持這個案件。

She held firm to her principles.

她堅持自己的原則。

This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.

這個產(chǎn)品據(jù)稱能在六周內(nèi)使你身體強壯。

She works for an electronics firm.

她在一家電子公司工作。

7. fasten? ?v.（使兩部分）系牢，縛緊，扎牢，結(jié)牢，扣緊;

（使）關(guān)緊，蓋好

（1） fasten （sth） （up）? ?把……系牢/扣緊

Fasten your seat belts， please.

請系好安全帶。

He fastened up his coat and hurried out.

他扣好大衣就匆匆出去了。

（2） fasten A to B? ?把A和B系在一起

There were no instructions on how to fasten the carrying strap to the box.

沒有如何把背帶系在箱子上的說明。

（1） fasten ones attention on sth? ?集中注意力于某事上

（2） fasten ones eyes on sb/sth? ?注視著（盯著）某人/某物

8. fold? ?v.? ?折疊，對折（紙、織物等）;折小，疊平;包，裹

n.? ?褶，褶層，折疊部分;褶痕;褶縫

搭配：

fold sth up （back/down/over...）? ?把……折疊/對折起來

He folded the map up and put it in his pocket.

他把地圖折疊起來，然后放進了口袋。

The blankets had been folded down.

毛毯已折疊起來。

（1） fold sb in ones arms? ?擁抱/摟住某人

（2） fold ones arms? ?雙臂交叉在胸前

（3） fold ones hands? ?十指交叉;雙手合攏

9. adjust? ?v.? ?適應(yīng)，使適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣;調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)

搭配：

（1） adjust to sth/doing sth? ?適應(yīng)某事/做某事

It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.

她離婚以后，過了一段時間才適應(yīng)了單身生活。

（2） adjust oneself to sth? ?使自己適應(yīng)某事

Youll quickly adjust yourself to student life.

你將很快適應(yīng)學(xué)生生活。

（3） adjust sth （to sth）? ?調(diào)整;調(diào)節(jié)

Adjust your language to the age of your audience.

要根據(jù)聽眾的年齡使用相應(yīng)的語言。

adjustment? ?n.? ?調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié);（思想等）調(diào)整，適應(yīng)

adjustable? ?adj.? ?可調(diào)整的，可調(diào)節(jié)的

10. in use? ?在使用

From 1900， electric discharge lamps were in use in Europe and the USA.

從1900年以來，歐洲和美國都在使用放電燈。

The conference room is already in use.

會議室已在使用中。

use? ?n.? ?用，使用，得到利用;用途，功能，用法

（1） be of use? ?有用的

（2） make use of sth? ?利用某物

（3） put sth to use? ?把……投入使用

（4） be no use doing sth? ?做……沒有用

（5） out of use? ?不再被使用

use? ?v.? ?使用，利用，運用

（1） be/get used to sth/doing sth? ?習(xí)慣了某事/做某事

（2） be used to do sth? ?被用來做某事

（3） used to be? ?過去的樣子或狀態(tài)

（4） used to do sth? ?過去常常做某事

11. in the distance? ?在遠處

The noise of the car died away in the distance.

汽車的聲音消失在遠方。

Sadly they saw the shores of England disappear in the distance.

他們黯然地看著英國的海岸在遠處消失。

（1） at a distance? ?稍遠一點;離一段距離

（2） at a distance of? ?以……距離

12. set off? ?出發(fā)，動身，啟程

set off =set out，都意為“出發(fā)，動身，啟程”。

We set off for London just after ten.

剛過十點，我們就動身去倫敦了。

He bade his wife farewell and set out on his journey.

他辭別了妻子便啟程了。

（1） set about sth/doing sth? ?開始做/著手做某事

（2） set aside? ?留出，撥出;不顧，不理會

（3） set down? ?記下，寫下，登記

（4） set up? ?豎立，建造;建立，創(chuàng)立

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A

In a major medical breakthrough， Tel Aviv University researchers have “printed” the worlds first 3D vascularized （有血管的） engineered heart using a patients own cells and biological materials. Their findings were published on April IS in a study in Advanced Science.

“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart，” says Prof. Tal Dvir of Department of Materials Science and Engineering， who led the research for the study. “This heart is made from human cells and patient-specific biological materials. In our process， these materials serve as the bioinks， something made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of complex tissue models，” Prof. Dvir says. “People managed to 3D print the structure of a heart in the past， but not with cells or with blood vessels （血管）. Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future.”

According to Prof. Dvir， the use of “native” patient-specific materials is important to successfully engineering tissues and organs.

The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab and “teaching them to behave” like hearts， Prof. Dvir says. They then plan to transplant the 3D-printed heart in animal models.

“We need to develop the printed heart further，” he concludes. “The cells need to form a pumping ability; they can currently contract， but we need them to work together. Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our methods efficacy and usefulness. Maybe， in ten years， there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world， and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”

1. What does Prof. Dvir think of an early 3D-printed heart？

A. It was highly practical. B. It was too expensive.

C. It was personalized. D. It was too simple.

2. What do we know about the latest 3D-printed heart？

A. It can be cultured in the lab.

B. It can match a patient perfectly.

C. It has been transplanted in animals.

D. It has been used in hospitals.

3. What is Prof. Dvirs attitude to the development of the

printed heart？

A. Ambiguous. B. Positive.

C. Unsupportive. D. Cautious.

4. What is the authors purpose in writing the text？

A. To explain the basic principle of 3D technology.

B. To introduce a breakthrough of medical research.

C. To doubt the medical value of a new invention.

D. To prove the effectiveness of the new technology.

B

I grew up in a middle-class household in Australia， in terms of safety and standard of living. A comfortable lifestyle is all I ever knew， and as a result， I was oblivious （未察覺） to just how lucky I was.

It was a Monday， and a teacher told us about an overseas mission trip to Cambodia. I had never been overseas before， and I knew absolutely nothing about Cambodia， but something inside of me knew I needed to go on this trip.

I spent the next few months working on $7.25 hourly wage at an awful fast food chain， saving every penny I earned. Just days before the trip was set to depart， I managed to hit my target.

I will never forget the moment I nervously stepped off the plane in Cambodia. I vividly recall the sight of malnourished （營養(yǎng)不良的） children begging for money tearing at my heart. I saw what true poverty looked like as we went to hand food packages out at a massive garbage dump in the city， home to thousands of families， many of whom were forced to seek for food among the rubbish.

On the following days， I played with children who， despite living in harsh conditions， were overflowing with joy and happiness. I met families who， despite having nothing， were some of the kindest people Id ever encountered. For the first time， my eyes were opened to the reality that happiness is not defined by money. People here were rich in relationships and community， and shared with each other the little that they had.

Through the trip， I began to see the value of learning from people of other races， cultures and religions. I finally saw that there was a much bigger world outside of my little bubble， and experienced first-hand the beauty of human diversity.

5. How did the author react when hearing about the overseas

mission trip？

A. She considered it a little bit risky.

完形填空

My kids and I would be spending the Thanksgiving Day without their father. He had1several months before. The two older kids were2with the flu. I had only about $2.5 to3until the end of the month.

Then I heard the phone ring. It was the4from the church. She said they had something to give us. So I dropped by the church on my way to the5 .

The church secretary met me at the door and6me a special envelope. I opened the envelope and found two grocery certificates （雜貨購物券） inside. Each was worth $20.

“Thank you very much，” I said， and as we7each other， I cried.

Then I went to a store and bought some8things and had a little over $14 groceries. As I handed the cashier one of the gift certificates， she took it， but turned her back for what seemed like a very9time. I thought something might be wrong.

“This certificate is a real blessing，” I explained. “Our church gave it to my family， knowing Im a10parent trying to make ends meet.”

The cashier turned11and replied， “Honey， do you have a turkey？”

“No.”

“Anything else for Thanksgiving dinner？”

“No. But its okay，” I replied.

Handing me the12 ， she said， “I cant tell you exactly

why now， but please go back into the store and buy a turkey， or anything else you13for Thanksgiving dinner.”

“Are you14 ？” I asked.

“Yes！ Get whatever you want.”

I felt15as I went back to do some more shopping， but I chose a fresh turkey， a few potatoes， and some juices for the children. Then I16the shopping cart up to the same cashier.

“Now I can tell you，” she said， with17in her kind eyes. “This morning！ I18to help someone today， and you walked through my line！”

She reached under the counter for her19 ， took out a $20 bill and paid for my groceries.

“Im glad I could20 ，” she said. “Here is my phone number if you ever need anything. God bless you， honey.”

1. A. returned B. left C. arrived D. disappeared

2. A. satisfied B. sad C. sick D. disappointed

3. A. last B. hold C. spend D. take

4. A. cashier B. boss C. mother D. secretary

5. A. farm B. market C. bank D. hospital

6. A. made B. bought C. wrote D. handed

7. A. admitted B. hugged C. called D. thanked

8. A. delicious B. cheap C. common D. necessary

9. A. long B. quiet C. dull D. high

10. A. strict B. kind C. single D. busy

11. A. down B. out C. up D. around

12. A. turkey B. juice C. change D. envelope

13. A. need B. cook C. prepare D. afford

14. A. joking B. mad C. sure D. true

15. A. excited B. selfish C. delighted D. awkward

16. A. drove B. wheeled C. lifted D. raised

17. A. tears B. happiness C. joy D. fun

18. A. tried B. expected C. asked D. offered

19. A. pocket B. case C. drawer D. purse

20. A. help B. know C. see D. manage

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A

Fansida Dine

Our menu consists of classic European dishes made from the freshest ingredients with great care paid to every little detail. That is why our dishes can be considered as food art that impresses both vision and taste. Located at Fansida Building， it is near Aljunied MRT. Come and join us here at Fansida Dine for a true blue European fine dining experience like no other.

Pillars Restaurant

Pillars is equipped with a good team with vast experience in catering. Creativity is what our team of chefs are equipped with to create surprises for customers. Our traditional dishes have also received good and positive comments from our group of customers. With a strong and organized team， we deliver timely and quality services to customers at all times. You say it; we do it.

Char-Grill Bar

Char-Grill Bar has won “Asias No.1 Brand Western Cuisine （西餐） Bar”. With its large central kitchen as a support， Char-Grill Bars long term goal is to sincerely invite those who wish to own their business in western cuisine to join the chain and set up a shop to progress and grow together.

Irelands Potato

Originating from Taiwan， Irelands Potato was inspired by the Irishs passion for potatoes. As theres an Irish saying， “There are two things in the world that cannot be joked about： 1 is Marriage， 2 is Potato.” Irelands Potato firmly supports this belief to serve customers.

1. Why can the dishes in Fansida Dine be considered as food art？

A. They have special food design.

B. They are made at Fansida Building.

C. They have many different traditional tastes.

D. They are made from the freshest ingredients with great care.

2. What could be your best choice if you are hungry at 1：00 am？

A. Fansida Dine. B. Pillars Restaurant.

C. Char-Grill Bar. D. Irelands Potato.

3. Who will pay special attention to Char-Grill Bar？

A. One who lives near Aljunied MRT.

B. One who wants to become a teacher.

C. One who likes eating potatoes very much.

D. One who wants to have a western cuisine bar.

4. What do we know about Irelands Potato？

A. It is run by an Irish.

B. It is famous in Ireland.

C. It originated from Ireland.

D. It has a strict working principle.

B

We believe that there is more to education than preparation for a job. Children must be prepared for all aspects of their adult-life work， leisure， personal relationships， creative activities， dealing with money matters， independence， and parenthood.

However， it would be unrealistic to provide an education which gave no consideration to the needs of employers.

What type of training does the business world regard as important？

Many young people applying for jobs are， in the employers opinions， very weak in the basic skills of handwriting， grammar and spelling. Though further education at university level improves the students general ability， a report states， “In basic skills the standards remain stubbornly low.”

It is doubtful whether standards have lowered in recent years. What is certain is that employers do not believe the standard is now high enough. Do technological changes make greater demands upon the students abilities？

We should also remember that the job expectations of young people have increased. The girls who would have once become shop assistants or hairdressers now want to be secretaries. Boys who sought an apprenticeship （學(xué)徒身份） 20 years ago now desire to have an engineering degree. But it is still the same girls and boys with the same degree of ability. No wonder there are problems in reaching the “necessary standards” of the business world.

Many employers believe that it is important for teachers to have experience outside the world of college and school. They should work for a while at some other kinds of jobs to see how the world of business and commerce is different from their own. The teaching profession and society in general need a greater understanding of manpower needs and therefore of “the desired” direction of the education system.

5. In the authors opinion， education should ___ .

A. improve adults life

B. pay more attention to basic skills

C. centre on students working ability

D. take the needs of employers into consideration

6. In talking about basic skills， the employers mean the standards ___ .

A. have been lowered B. arent changing

C. cant meet the need D. should be kept the same

7. The underlined part in Paragraph 6 refers to those who ___ .

A. are likely to be unemployed

B. have just left the middle school

C. are looking for jobs far beyond their abilities

D. might be shop assistants， hairdressers or apprentices in the past

8. The author holds the idea that teachers should ___ .

A. never change their jobs

B. improve their teaching methods

C. spend more time on their school work

D. get some working experience outside school

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

完形填空

There was a very rich village landowner in India who was very generous. Everybody1him. Once he decided that for three days he would2things， including money， only to the3 . People were happy to receive rice， vegetables， money and other kinds of things.

One poor man got a very heavy sack （麻布袋） of rice. Since he was such a poor man， he was very4with it. But when he emptied the sack， to his great5 ， he found twenty gold coins inside the rice. His greedy wife was6 .

The husband said， “The landowner didnt intend to give me these gold coins. This must be a7 . I should return these coins.” The wife said8 ， “You are a fool！ We are so poor. This is the time to take the gold to the market and9it for lots of money.” The husband10to do what his wife suggested. Then they11about the gold for hours. Of course， the husband12because it was he who had brought the rice home.

The following day， he went13to the rich mans house and said， “You were so14to give all of us so many things. I have found these twenty gold coins put in the rice sack by mistake. Now I have come to15them to you. Though I am only a beggar， I can16accept this kind of gift if it was a mistake.” The rich man was so17by his sincerity and decided to give the poor man twice the amount. He said， “You brought me twenty gold coins and now you are getting forty. You are such an honest man. I am going to18an honest man as my housekeeper. Will you come and have a19 ？”

As expected， the rich man finally found his20house-keeper—the poor but honest man.

1. A. pleased B. admired C. envied D. appreciated

2. A. give away B. get back C. throw away D. put away

3. A. sick B. young C. poor D. old

4. A. strict B. confident C. qualified D. satisfied

5. A. excitement B. surprise C. disappointment D. joy

6. A. frightened B. delighted C. crazy D. cautious

7. A. test B. mistake C. joke D. trick

8. A. eagerly B. patiently C. foolishly D. angrily

9. A. use B. charge C. take D. exchange

10. A. managed B. tried C. refused D. agreed

11. A. discussed B. thought C. talked D. quarrelled

12. A. finished B. won C. changed D. defeated

13. A. back B. away C. round D. down

14. A. wealthy B. friendly C. kind D. careless

15. A. return B. send C. give D. offer

16. A. hardly B. never C. seldom D. nearly

17. A. happy B. shocked C. ashamed D. moved

18. A. meet B. train C. employ D. help

19. A. job B. break C. drink D. try

20. A. clever B. wise C. special D. faithful

語法填空

In China， the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back as far as 7，000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty， bamboo was being used in ancient peoples daily lives. It was used for food， clothing， housing， transportation，1（music） instruments and even weapons.

The2（apply） of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC， Li Bing， in Sichuan，3（lead） the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs， the first irrigation network in the world， in which bamboo played an important role. The worlds oldest water pipe4（make） of bamboo， too. During the Han Dynasty， the people in Sichuan5（success） sank a 100-metre?-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe6the 19th century， and it was by using the technology7the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.

In Chinese culture， bamboo is well-known8one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many distinguished men， bamboo is a symbol of goodness and9（honest）. It is always closely related to people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when10（face） tough situations.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

6.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 10.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

閱讀理解

According to historical documents， the forefathers of the Naxi people were closely related to a tribe called “Maoniu Yi” in the Han Dynasty， “Maoniu Yi” in the Jin Dynasty and “Moxie Yi” in the Tang Dynasty.

Between the early 10th century and the middle of the 13th century， production in the Lijiang area experienced marked changes， as agriculture replaced livestock （家畜） breeding as the main occupation of the people. Scores of agricultural， handicraft， mineral and livestock products were turned out， and the country presented a picture of prosperity. During that period， a number of slave-owning groups in Ninglang， Lijiang and Weixi counties gradually grew into a feudal manorial lord caste （世襲封建莊園領(lǐng)主制）.

In 1278， the Yuan Dynasty established Lijiang Prefecture （自治州）， representing the imperial court in Yunnan Province. This resulted in closer links between the Lijiang area and the centre of the empire.

In the early Ming Dynasty， the leader of the Naxi people， named Mude， was made chief of Lijiang Prefecture， exercising control over the Naxi and other ethnic groups nearby. Throughout the Ming Dynasty， the chiefs from the Mu family kept taxes and tribute （貢品） flowing to the Ming court in the form of silver and grain. The Ming， in turn， relied on the Mu family as the mainstay for the control of the people of various ethnic groups in northwestern Yunnan Province.

Later， with the development of the productive forces， buying， selling and renting of land began to take place in the Naxi areas， marking the beginning of a landlord economy.

1. What was probably the main occupation in the 13th century in Lijiang？

A. Livestock breeding. B. Agriculture.

C. Fishing. D. Forestry.

2. When was Lijiang Prefecture set up？

A. In the Tang Dynasty. B. In the Song Dynasty.

C. In the Yuan Dynasty. D. In the Ming Dynasty.

3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us？

A. The good relationship between Mu Family and the Ming.

B. Yunnan Provinces economy in Ming Dynasty.

C. The achievements of Naxi peoples leader.

D. The Ming courts financial situation.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. The Mu Family

B. The Rulers of Naxi

C. The History of Lijiang Prefecture

D. The History of the Naxi Ethnic Group

書面表達

假定你是學(xué)生會主席李華，為了更好地保護和傳承少數(shù)民族文化，學(xué)校將成立少數(shù)民族文化傳承與保護志愿者協(xié)會，現(xiàn)將招募志愿者。請你就此寫一則通知，內(nèi)容包括：

1﹒成立志愿者協(xié)會的原因;

2﹒入會者條件;

3﹒志愿者協(xié)會活動安排。

注意：

1﹒詞數(shù)100左右;

2﹒可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫;

3﹒通知的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：宣傳 publicize;重要性 significance

Notice

Teachers and students，

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Looking forward to your joining.

The Students Union

Mosuo Culture

摩梭文化

What would the days be like without fathers？ Maybe not so bad， according to experts on the Mosuo culture.

Men of the Mosuo， who live around Lugu Lake on the border between Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces， do help to raise kids—just not their own， with whom the men typically have only limited relationships. Instead the men help look after all the children born to their own sisters， aunts， and other women of the family.

The women of the Mosuos villages head the households， make business decisions， and own property， which they pass on to their matrilineal heirs. In the unique Mosuo tradition called the walking marriage， women invite men to visit their rooms at night—and to leave in the morning. Women may also change partners as often as they like， and carry no social stigma.

“The lack of live-in fathers shouldnt be taken as evidence that the Mosuo dont value family life，” said Lombard， of the Lugu Lake Mosuo Cultural Development Association. “In fact， they value it above all other relationships.”

沒有父親的日子該怎么過？也許沒那么糟糕——研究摩梭文化的專家如是說。

摩梭人生活在云南省和四川省交界處的瀘沽湖一帶，那里的男子事實上在養(yǎng)兒育女方面也確有幫助——但他們所養(yǎng)育的都不是自己的孩子。那些孩子與他們沒什么直接血緣關(guān)系，都是自己的姐妹、姨媽、姑媽及家族內(nèi)其他女人生的孩子。

在摩梭人生活的村子，婦女自主安排并承擔(dān)一切生計，她們擁有財產(chǎn)權(quán)，并有權(quán)把財產(chǎn)傳給母系繼承人。當(dāng)?shù)赜幸粋€十分獨特的走婚習(xí)俗，也就是到了晚上，女子可以把男子請到家里來過夜，第二天一早，男子便可離開。女子可以隨時隨意更換男子，完全不會背負不好的社會名聲。

瀘沽湖摩梭文化發(fā)展協(xié)會的拉姆巴德說：“生活中缺少父親，并不能因此說明摩梭人就不重視家庭生活。相反，他們會把那種家庭關(guān)系看得高于其他一切關(guān)系?！?/p>