Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe

本模塊知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

tune? ?v.

witness? ?v.

assume? ?v.

burst? ?v.

depend? ?v.

view? ?v.

acknowledge? ?v.

accuse? ?v.

swear? ?v.

foresee? ?v.

ought? ?modal v.

pray? ?v.

consult? ?v.

shuttle? ?n.

patience? ?n.

planet? ?n.

decade? ?n.

deed? ?n.

tension? ?n.

defeat? ?n.

authority? ?n.

sorrow? ?n.

latter? ?n.

grasp? ?n.

relief? ?n.

glory? ?n.

division? ?n.

airspace? ?n.

motherland? ?n.

aid? ?n.

sympathy? ?n.

commitment? ?n.

faith? ?n.

dignity? ?n.

devotion? ?n.

scholar? ?n.

observation? ?n.

assumption? ?n.

newsflash? ?n.

joint? ?adj.

accustomed? ?adj.

historic? ?adj.

advanced? ?adj.

random? ?adj.

autonomous? ?adj.

abstract? ?adj.

broad? ?adj.

consistent? ?adj.

holy? ?adj.

acute? ?adj.

stable? ?adj.

supreme? ?adj.

inescapable? ?adj.

underway? ?adj.

backwards? ?adv.

arguably? ?adv.

deliberately? ?adv.

常用短語(yǔ)

in spite of

a series of

pray for

be similar to

set in motion

set out

at the very beginning of

accuse sb of doing sth

詞匯短語(yǔ)園地

1. accustomed? ?adj.? ?習(xí)慣的

搭配：

be accustomed to （doing） sth = be used to （doing） sth? ?習(xí)慣于（做）某事

Im accustomed to the school life here now.

現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣這兒的學(xué)校生活了。

I have been accustomed to going to bed early and getting up early for years.

我已習(xí)慣于早睡早起數(shù)年了。

accustom? ?v.? ?使……習(xí)慣于

It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.

我花了一段時(shí)間才適應(yīng)所有新的規(guī)章制度。

2. witness? ?v.? ?目擊，親眼看見;親身經(jīng)歷

Did you witness the accident？

你親眼看到那場(chǎng)事故了嗎？

（1） witness? ?v.? ?作證（常與against，for，to等連用）

I think she will witness against him.

我認(rèn)為她會(huì)作證他有罪。

He witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.

他作證說曾看到此人走進(jìn)大樓。

（2） witness? ?n.? ?目擊者;見證人

He was one of the witnesses at our wedding.

他是我們婚禮的證婚人之一。

be （a） witness to sth? ?目擊某事發(fā)生;為某事提供證據(jù)

bear/give witness （to sth）? ?為……作證;證明

3. assume? ?v.? ?假定，假設(shè)

搭配：

（1） assume + sth/that從句? ?假定、認(rèn)為……

We cant assume anything in this case.

在這種情形下我們無法做出任何揣測(cè)。

I assume that you always get up at the same time.

我想你總是在同一時(shí)間起床。

（2） assume sb/sth to be...? ?假設(shè)某人/某物是……

Hes not such a fool as you assumed him to be.

他并非你所認(rèn)為的那樣愚蠢。

assumption? ?n.? ?假定，假設(shè)

on the assumption that... / assuming that...? ?假定……

Assuming that/On the assumption that the proposal is accepted， when are we going to get the money？

假定這個(gè)建議被采納，我們何時(shí)能拿到錢？

4. patience? ?n.? ?耐心

The work requires both skill and patience.

這項(xiàng)工作既需要技術(shù)又需要耐心。

搭配：

be out of patience with? ?耐不住…… ;對(duì)…… 忍無可忍

have no patience with? ?對(duì)……不能容忍;對(duì)…… 沒有耐心

have patience to do sth? ?做某事有耐心

be patient with sb? ?對(duì)某人有耐心

be patient of sth? ?忍耐某事

patiently = with patience? ?耐心地

5. burst? ?v.? ?爆炸

I carry a spare tyre in the boot of the car in case one bursts.

我?guī)Я艘粋€(gè)備用輪胎放在后備廂里，以防爆胎。

burst into tears/laughter/cheers? ?突然大哭/大笑/歡呼起來

burst out crying/laughing/singing? ?突然哭起來/笑起來/唱起來

burst into the room? ?闖入屋里

burst with anger? ?勃然大怒

burst with joy/happiness? ?非常高興

burst in? ?突然插嘴;打斷

burst open? ?（使）猛然打開

6. acknowledge? ?v.? ?承認(rèn);認(rèn)為

搭配：

（1） acknowledge+sth/that從句? ?承認(rèn)……

（2） acknowledge doing...? ?承認(rèn)做過……

（3） acknowledge... as/to be...? ?認(rèn)為……是……（常用于被動(dòng)形式）

（4） Its widely/universally acknowledged that...? ?大家普遍認(rèn)為……

They acknowledged their responsibility for the bombing. = They acknowledged that they were responsible for the bombing.

他們承認(rèn)對(duì)這起爆炸事件負(fù)責(zé)。

Zhang Yimou is acknowledged as one of the best movie directors in China nowadays.

= Its acknowledged that Zhang Yimou is one of the best movie directors in China nowadays.

張藝謀被公認(rèn)為是中國(guó)當(dāng)今最優(yōu)秀的電影導(dǎo)演之一。

acknowledge? ?v.? ?告知（收到）;感謝

She walked right past me without acknowledging me.

她從我身旁走過，連個(gè)招呼也沒打。

His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present.

公司送他一份禮物，答謝他為公司的長(zhǎng)期服務(wù)。

7. defeat? ?n.? ?失敗

I never consider the possibility of defeat.

我從未考慮有失敗的可能性。

defeat? ?v.? ?擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝

辨析：

比較beat， defeat和win

（1） beat和defeat都表示在戰(zhàn)斗或競(jìng)賽中“戰(zhàn)勝、擊?。▽?duì)手）”，后接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。

The news that he has been defeated/beaten in the election is not true.

他在大選中被擊敗的消息不屬實(shí)。

（2） win“戰(zhàn)勝、贏得”，其賓語(yǔ)通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品或表尊重、崇拜之類意義的詞。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手不能作其賓語(yǔ)。

win a game/match/race? ?在游戲/比賽/賽跑中獲勝

win a gold medal? ?（在比賽、競(jìng)賽中）贏得金牌

win support? ?贏得支持

8. accuse? ?v.? ?指責(zé)

搭配：

accuse sb of sth/doing sth? ?控告某人某事/做某事

The police accused him of murder.

警方指控他謀殺。

She accused him of stealing her watch.

她控告他偷她的表。

辨析：

比較accuse， charge和blame

（1） accuse指當(dāng)面指控或指責(zé)，不一定訴諸法庭。

（2） charge指因犯較大錯(cuò)誤或重大罪行而進(jìn)行正式法律控訴，可構(gòu)成charge sb with sth的搭配，意思是“控告某人某事”。

The police are going to charge him with murder.

警察準(zhǔn)備控告他謀殺。

（3） blame指對(duì)不好的事物或?qū)ψ鲥e(cuò)事的人給予責(zé)備，可構(gòu)成blame sb for （doing） sth或sb is to blame for sth的搭配。

The driver was to blame for the accident.

這起交通事故的責(zé)任應(yīng)歸責(zé)于這個(gè)司機(jī)。

9. relief? ?n.? ?安慰;寬慰

To my great relief， I wasnt late.

我慶幸的是沒有遲到。

搭配：

Its a great relief to do sth? ?做某事讓人寬慰

Its a great relief to find you here.

見到你在這兒我就放心了。

to ones relief? ?使某人感到慶幸或?qū)捨康氖?/p>

in relief? ?如釋重負(fù)地

bring/give relief to? ?給…… 帶來寬慰

10. consult? ?v.? ?咨詢;請(qǐng)教

搭配：

consult sb about sth? ?就某事向某人征求意見

He consulted his lawyer about the case.

他就此案向律師做了咨詢。

consult a doctor? ?看醫(yī)生

consult with sb? ?與某人商量

consult a map/dictionary? ?查閱地圖/詞典

consult ones notes? ?查看某人的筆記

11. in spite of? ?不管

In spite of the heavy snow， he drove downtown.

盡管下著大雪，他還是開車去了城里。

搭配：

in spite of/despite the fact that...? ?不管…… 的事實(shí)

辨析：

比較in spite of和although/though

in spite of是介詞短語(yǔ)，后接賓語(yǔ)。although/though是連詞，后接從句。

They had a wonderful holiday in spite of the bad weather.

= They had a wonderful holiday though/although the weather was bad.

盡管天氣不好，他們還是度過了一個(gè)美好的假期。

regardless of? ?不管;不顧

12. set out? ?開始做;著手進(jìn)行

搭配：

set out to do sth = set about doing sth = get down to doing sth

著手、開始做某事

At five in the morning he set out to do （set about doing） his work.

清晨五點(diǎn)他就開始工作。

set out for = set off for = leave for? ?動(dòng)身去……

Having said goodbye to their friends， they set out （set off） for Paris.

他們向朋友告別后，就動(dòng)身去巴黎了。

跟蹤導(dǎo)練

閱讀理解

A

Why should mankind explore space？ Why should money， time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits？ Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth？ These are questions that， understandably， are very often asked.

Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains， and into all possible areas and environments？ The wider the spread of a species， the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.

Exploration also allows minerals （礦物） and other potential resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them， they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction， in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products （副產(chǎn)品） of technological developments in the space.

While many resources are spent on what seems a small return， the exploration of space allows creative， brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. The danger exists， but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space， the chance to save ourselves might not exist.

While Earth is the only planet known to support life， surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different， but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.

1. Why does the author raise the questions in Paragraph 1？

A. To express his doubts.

B. To compare different ideas.

C. To introduce points for discussion.

D. To describe the conditions on Earth.

2. Why do humans like to explore according to Paragraph 2？

A. They are born to do so.

B. They have the tendency to fight.

C. They like to stay in different places.

D. They want to find new sources of food.

3. The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ___ .

A. survival chances B. potential resources

C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions

4. What does the author mainly want to tell us about space exploration？

A. It has created many wonders.

B. It provided the best value for money.

C. It can benefit science and technology.

D. It may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.

B

Forget lighting a Christmas tree in the traditional way， with strings of lights plugged into the wall. The Living Planet Aquarium （水族館） in Sandy， Utah is using one of its very own residents—an electric eel （電鰻）—to twinkle its tree.

“Visitors can visually and audibly experience the power of our electric eel and get a real sense of how amazing this creature is，” said Angie Hyde， the aquariums marketing director.

For the past three years， Sparky， an electric eel that is part of the aquariums “Journey To South America” gallery， has been “sparking” the five-foot tall tree with electric currents that he gives off into the water. With two stainless-steel electrodes （不銹鋼電極）， the currents are connected to sequencers， which in turn produce flashing lights. The rate at which they blink depends on the power Sparky produces.

“Hes just doing his natural， normal activity. It teaches visitors about the eel and what its all about，” said Hyde.

Hyde said visitors have warmly welcomed Sparky and his glowing talent， which she said will become a regular holiday tradition. The display is sponsored by a local power company， Cache Valley Electric. It will run until Dec. 31.

“We thought wed put a festive twist on it for the holidays， which has been a huge hit with our members and visitors，” Hyde said.

Native to the waters of the Amazon and Orinoco basins in South America， electric eels possess organs with nearly 6，000 specialized cells， or electrolytes that can store as much as five times the power one can get from a US wall plug.

“This really helps give a visual idea of what an animal really does on a daily basis in a really creative way，” Hyde said.

5. What does the underlined word “twinkle” in Paragraph 1 mean？

A. Paint.

B. Decorate.

C. Make something shine.

D. Make something strong.

6. What can be learned about Sparky？

A. It works in the Living Planet Aquarium.

B. It blinks at certain rate from time to time.

C. It is an electric eel belonging to an aquarium.

D. It is connected with stainless-steel electrodes.

7. According to Hyde， what can be inferred about the display？

A. It operates every festival of the year.

B. It gives us a better understanding of eels.

C. It has won much profit for the aquarium.

D. It is met with some animal activists criticism.

8. What could be the best title of the text？

A. Introduction of the Electric Eels

B. A New Form of Energy Developed

C. Electric Eels Decorate Christmas Trees

D. Electric Eels Power Christmas Tree Lights

閱讀七選五

We are all called upon to make a public speech at some point in life， but most of us dont make it a pleasant job.

So， you have to give a speech—and you are deeply terrified. You get nervous from the beginning of it， you stumble （結(jié)結(jié)巴巴） over words， and you bore your audience. Later you think， “Thank Goodness， its over. Im just not good at public speaking. I hope Ill never have to do that again.”

Cheer up！? Here are some easy-to-do steps to take the pain out of speech making. First， ask yourself the purpose of your speech. Then spend plenty of your time gathering and organizing your material. Use as many examples as possible， and use pictures， charts， and graphs if they can help you make your points more clearly.? Dont talk over their heads， and dont talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.

Just remember： Be well prepared. Understand your subject， your audience， and the occasion. Be brief.? And be yourself. Let your true personality come through in order that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.

If you follow these simple but useful steps， you will see that you dont have to be afraid of public speeches. As a matter of fact， you may find the experience so enjoyable that you really want to have more of them！ Youre still not convinced yet？? You will get impressed by yourself.

A. Never forget your audience.

B. It doesnt have to be that bad.

C. Give it a try and see what happens.

D. Say what you have to say and then stop.

E. Dont say what you arent familiar with.

F. Take several deep breaths before you speak.

G. This article gives some advice on how to give a good speech.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

完形填空

I love feeding a colorful group of birds in my garden. On the ground， I put out black-oiled sunflower seeds， broken peanuts， and? grapes and apples. Some birds respond to their daily? when I call out the names Ive given them.

About three years ago， I noticed a newcomer to this festive （歡樂的） . It was a baby chipmunk （金花鼠）， apparently on its own. Over that summer， I watched it . The next summer， the chipmunk was back， and I wondered whether it would? me to feed it by hand. I named it Chip.

I decided to employ the? I use to persuade wild cats to come close for food： patience， a soft voice， slow? repetition.

Before Chip would ， Id put down its favorite ， sunflower seeds， bent down and kept very . Id left my? hand in place， unmoving， so the animal would know I wouldnt? it. I continued doing this for a few weeks.

Finally， late in that second summer， Chip did? more trust. One day as I? a seed in my fingertips， it approached and carefully took the seed into its mouth.

After about two months of this ， I went further. With my finger， I touched its back? once. Chip stayed still， eating seeds， before? into the bushes. Today， the chipmunk comes out of hiding when I call its name， and lets me? its soft， silky body.

Ive developed a greater respect for nature and its and the opportunity to ， protect and save wildlife.

1. A. deserted B. wasted C. cut D. boiled

2. A. meeting B. hunting C. fighting D. feeding

3. A. display B. change C. advance D. progress

4. A. escape B. grow C. disappear D. recover

5. A. trust B. encourage C. surround D. require

6. A. theory B. methods C. system D. advantages

7. A. responses B. introduction C. gestures D. judgement

8. A. approach B. starve C. suffer D. blink

9. A. cage B. toy C. game D. food

10. A. serious B. still C. polite D. cold

11. A. full B. dirty C. busy D. open

12. A. catch B. affect C. imitate D. measure

13. A. receive B. show C. earn D. understand

14. A. gathered B. sprayed C. offered D. drew

15. A. record B. exhibition C. research D. routine

16. A. gently B. hopefully C. quickly D. guiltily

17. A. digging B. looking C. rushing D. breaking

18. A. pet B. press C. grasp D. nurse

19. A. plants B. art C. creatures D. adventure

20. A. visit B. observe C. represent D. select

語(yǔ)法填空

Do you enjoy1（explore） the great outdoors？ Lately， rock climbing has become very popular. Cliff ecosystems are home2many living things. Since climbing is a3（fair） new activity， we dont know its impact on cliff ecosystems.

Here， we studied how climbers affect birds that nest on cliffs. We4（select） cliffs that face different directions. Half of the cliffs are visited by lots of climbers and half by very few climbers.5（compare） the number and species of birds on these different cliffs， we found that east-facing cliffs have the6（great） number and diversity of birds. Our results show that north-facing cliffs are the best option for new climbing routes7it comes to protecting wildlife. Our solution may help the area to handle the growing number of climbers while protecting cliff ecosystems.

Our results show that rock climbing doesnt impact the number of birds on a cliff， but it does reduce the diversity of birds on each cliff. Our study helps us understand8living things respond to rock climbing. But we need to keep in mind that each climbing area has9（it） own unique conditions. We need to study the combined impacts of natural and human factors for every10（locate）.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

6.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 10.

短文改錯(cuò)

Its been two years when I joined the campus radio station. Up to now， I had done several interviews. Every time I finished to writing an article， I was proud of myself for able to introduce my schoolmates to the things Id seen. It was difficult at times， but when I saw my stories publish in our school newspaper， you knew that it was something worth doing. My parents， teachers and schoolmates congratulated me on that I did. I felt happily when I shared a new story with them. The greatest thing about being the reporter is that I can share my thoughts with other.