Active Reading Strategies 積極的閱讀策略

李輝

積極的閱讀技巧可以幫助你保持注意力集中，記住更多的信息，但這是一項(xiàng)需要時(shí)間和精力去發(fā)展的技能。下面有一些策略可以馬上幫助到你。

◆1. Identify1 New Words 識(shí)別生詞

Most of us develop a bad habit of glossing over2 words that are vaguely3 familiar to us， often not even realizing we are doing so. When you read a difficult passage or book， take a few moments to really pay attention to difficult words. You will likely find that there are many words that you think you know—but that you cant really explain. Once you have a list of these words， write the words and meanings in a logbook. Revisit this log several times and quiz yourself on the words.

我們中的大多數(shù)人養(yǎng)成了一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣，那就是忽略掉我們似曾相識(shí)的單詞，甚至往往沒有意識(shí)到我們正在這樣做。當(dāng)你閱讀較難的文章或書時(shí)，可以花點(diǎn)時(shí)間真正注意一下有難度的單詞。你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多以為自己知道但卻無法真正解釋的詞。一旦列出了這些詞，你就把單詞和意思寫在日志本上。多看幾次這本日志，并對自己測試一下這些單詞。

◆2. Find the Main Idea 找出主旨

As your reading level increases， the complexity of your material will likely increase as well. The main idea may no longer be provided in the first sentence; it may instead be located in the second paragraph or even the second page. Finding the main idea is crucial4 to comprehension. Youll need to practise finding the main idea of the text or article each time youre reading.

隨著你閱讀水平的提高，你材料的復(fù)雜性也會(huì)增加。主旨可能不再在第一句中提出，而是放在第二段甚至第二頁。找到主旨是理解的關(guān)鍵。每次閱讀時(shí)，你都要練習(xí)找出文本或文章的主旨。

◆3. Create an Outline創(chuàng)建大綱

Before you dive into reading the text of a difficult book or chapter， take some time to go through the pages for subtitles5 and other indications of the structure. If you dont see subtitles or chapters， look for transition6 words between paragraphs. Using this information， you can create an outline of the text. Going in this way helps you understand the information you are reading.

在你開始閱讀難讀的一本書或一章之前，花點(diǎn)時(shí)間瀏覽一下副標(biāo)題和其他的結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志。如果你找不到副標(biāo)題或章節(jié)名，請?jiān)诙温渲g查找過渡詞。利用這些信息，你可以創(chuàng)建文本的大綱。這種方式有助于你理解正在閱讀的信息。

◆4. Read and Write 邊讀邊動(dòng)筆

While it is a time-consuming exercise to write out your notes， it is also a very effective one. Writing is a necessary part of active reading.

雖然做筆記是一項(xiàng)耗時(shí)的練習(xí)，但它也是一項(xiàng)非常有效的練習(xí)。書寫是積極閱讀的必要組成部分。

Once you have read a few paragraphs of material， read it over and think of one keyword that represents a whole paragraphs message. Write that keyword in the margin7.

在你讀幾段材料的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)讀，然后想出一個(gè)代表整段信息的關(guān)鍵詞，并把那個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞寫在頁邊空白處。

No matter what type of information youre reading， learners can always create a mind map， a sketch， or a timeline to represent the information. Start by taking a clean sheet of paper. Youll be amazed by the difference and this will make for keeping information and remembering details.

不管讀的是什么類型的內(nèi)容，學(xué)習(xí)者總是可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)思維導(dǎo)圖、草圖，或者時(shí)間線來表示信息。你可以從一張空白的紙開始。你會(huì)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，這將有助于保留信息和記住細(xì)節(jié)。

Some students use highlighter8 too much and end up with a multi-colored mess. Sometimes its more effective to use a pencil and sticky notes when you write. Use the pencil to underline， circle， and write meaning of words in the margins， or （if youre using a library book） use sticky notes to mark a page and a pencil to write specific notes to yourself.

有些學(xué)生過多地使用熒光筆，結(jié)果導(dǎo)致色彩混亂。有時(shí)，在寫字時(shí)用鉛筆和便利貼更有效?？梢杂勉U筆畫線，畫圈和在頁邊空白處給單詞釋義，或者用便利貼標(biāo)記頁面并用鉛筆寫特殊的筆記（如果你用的是圖書館的書的話）。

◆5. Read Again and Again 多讀幾遍

Science tells us that we all remember more when we repeat reading. Its good practice to read once for a basic understanding of the material， and read at least one more time to grasp9 the information more thoroughly10.

科學(xué)告訴我們，當(dāng)我們重復(fù)閱讀時(shí)，我們能記住更多。讀一次可以對材料有一個(gè)基本的了解，然后至少再讀一次，以便更徹底地掌握信息。

（英語原文選自：www.thoughtco.com）

【Notes】

1. identify [?????] vt. 確定;識(shí)別，辨認(rèn)出

2. gloss [?????] v. 注釋 gloss over 掩飾;輕描淡寫

3. vaguely [?????] adv. 含糊地 4. crucial [?????] adj. 重要的;決定性的

5. subtitle [?????] n. 副標(biāo)題;字幕 6. transition [?????] n. 過渡

7. margin [?????] n. 邊緣;頁邊的空白 8. highlighter [?????] n. 熒光筆，高光色 9. grasp [?????] v. 抓牢，握緊;理解，領(lǐng)悟 10. thoroughly [?????] adv. 徹底地，完全地