夏冰心 韓濤 胡俊
[摘要]目的:探究乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術(shù)中采用乳暈切口的美學(xué)效果及相關(guān)影響因素分析。方法:選取2017年1月-2018年3月80例乳腺纖維腺瘤患者作為研究對(duì)象,隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組與觀察組,各40例。對(duì)照組采用傳統(tǒng)切除術(shù)治療,觀察組采用乳暈切口治療。術(shù)后隨訪6個(gè)月,通過乳頭情況、雙側(cè)乳房基本對(duì)稱情況、術(shù)后瘢痕情況綜合評(píng)定,比較兩組患者術(shù)后美學(xué)效果,經(jīng)單因素及多因素Logistic回歸分析影響美學(xué)效果的相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)果:觀察組患者優(yōu)良率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。患者年齡、是否肥胖、是否絕經(jīng)與乳暈切口術(shù)后美學(xué)效果有關(guān)(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回歸分析顯示,年齡≥45歲、肥胖、絕經(jīng)均是影響乳暈切口術(shù)后美學(xué)效果的相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:乳腺纖維腺瘤患者采用乳暈切口手術(shù)治療,術(shù)后乳房和乳頭整體外形及雙側(cè)對(duì)稱性良好,且無明顯瘢痕,美容效果較滿意。
[關(guān)鍵詞]乳腺纖維腺瘤;保乳術(shù);乳暈切口;美學(xué)效果;影響因素
[中圖分類號(hào)]R737.9? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2020)07-0087-04
Abstract: Objective? To investigate the aesthetic effects and related influencing factors of the areola incision in breast plastic surgery. Methods? Eighty patients with breast fibroadenoma from January 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled in the study. The random number table method was divided into control group and observation group, 40 cases each. The control group was treated with conventional resection and the observation group was treated with areola incision. After 6 months of follow-up, the urinary condition, the bilateral symmetry of the bilateral breasts, and the postoperative scar condition were comprehensively evaluated. The postoperative aesthetic effects of the two groups were compared. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors related to the aesthetic effect. Results? The excellent rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Patient age, obesity, and menopause were related to the aesthetic effect of areola incision (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that women aged ≥45 years, obese, and menopausal women were all related risk factors affecting the aesthetic effect of areola incision (P<0.05). Conclusion? The patients with breast fibroadenoma are treated with areola incision. The overall shape and bilateral symmetry of the breast and nipple are good, and there is no obvious scar. The cosmetic effect is satisfactory.
Key words: breast fibroadenoma; breast-conserving surgery; areola incision; aesthetic effect; influencing factors
乳腺纖維腺瘤是臨床較常見良性腫瘤,好發(fā)于20~30歲女性,患病初期常難被發(fā)現(xiàn),常錯(cuò)過最佳治療時(shí)機(jī)[1-2]。該疾病的發(fā)生與雌激素升高、卵巢功能旺盛具有密切聯(lián)系[3]。臨床常見癥狀為乳房無痛性腫塊,少數(shù)患者可出現(xiàn)乳房溢液、疼痛。盡管乳腺纖維腺瘤是良性腫瘤,但少數(shù)患者仍可能會(huì)發(fā)生惡變,影響乳腺正常發(fā)育,危害患者健康,因此,及時(shí)進(jìn)行治療對(duì)提高患者生活質(zhì)量具有重要作用[4-5]。臨床通常采用手術(shù)方法治療該疾病[6]。但傳統(tǒng)乳房腫瘤切除手術(shù)效果往往較差,創(chuàng)傷大,術(shù)后易產(chǎn)生瘢痕,影響雙側(cè)對(duì)稱性,在很大程度上影響患者乳腺功能,增加患者的心理負(fù)擔(dān),影響患者家庭生活。隨著人們對(duì)美的追求越來越強(qiáng)烈,臨床整形醫(yī)生意識(shí)乳房整形術(shù)中美容作用具有十分重要的意義[7]。近年來,臨床新型乳房整形術(shù)有利于降低手術(shù)窗孔對(duì)乳房整體美觀程度的影響,容易被患者接受。因乳暈部的膚色較暗,且具有隱蔽、靈活、創(chuàng)傷區(qū)域小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此,乳暈切口在乳房整形手術(shù)中應(yīng)用較廣泛。相關(guān)研究顯示,乳暈切口手術(shù)療效好、美學(xué)效果佳、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快,且并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低[8]。為進(jìn)一步證實(shí)該手術(shù)方法的美學(xué)效果。本研究選取2017年1月-2018年3月80例乳腺纖維腺瘤患者作為研究對(duì)象,旨在分析乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術(shù)中采用乳暈切口的美學(xué)效果及相關(guān)影響因素。
本研究從患者自身情況與乳暈切口治療后美學(xué)效果進(jìn)行相關(guān)影響因素分析,結(jié)果顯示,年齡、肥胖、絕經(jīng)情況均是影響乳暈切口術(shù)后美學(xué)效果的危險(xiǎn)因素。張志強(qiáng)等[23]研究乳暈切口美容效果的影響因素,結(jié)果顯示,年齡≥45歲患者的切口美學(xué)效果較差。年齡≥45歲患者可能是由于乳房中脂肪含量增多,此類患者在接受治療后瘢痕攣縮可導(dǎo)致乳房明顯收縮。肥胖患者中全身及乳房中脂肪含量高,在接受手術(shù)后乳房極易發(fā)生瘢痕。相關(guān)研究顯示,絕經(jīng)后女性患者術(shù)后美學(xué)效果較差,可能是與絕經(jīng)后乳腺逐漸被脂肪組織所代替有關(guān)[24]。為保證美學(xué)效果,應(yīng)嚴(yán)格把握手術(shù)指征,根據(jù)患者相關(guān)檢查結(jié)果對(duì)手術(shù)進(jìn)行初步評(píng)估。乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術(shù)中應(yīng)注意手術(shù)切除口大小,根據(jù)患者實(shí)際情況兼顧治療效果和美學(xué)效果改變切口大小,術(shù)前與患者溝通,提高患者對(duì)疾病的認(rèn)知能力,科學(xué)護(hù)理減小術(shù)后瘢痕[25];通過肢體功能鍛煉,可達(dá)到乳房塑形,避免乳房塌陷,減輕乳頭移位程度。
綜上所述,乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術(shù)中采用乳暈切口術(shù)后乳房外形良好,患者滿意度高。年齡、肥胖、絕經(jīng)均是影響乳暈切口術(shù)后美學(xué)效果的危險(xiǎn)因素。
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[收稿日期]2019-11-29
本文引用格式:夏冰心,韓濤,胡俊.經(jīng)乳暈切口行乳腺纖維腺瘤切除術(shù)的美學(xué)效果及相關(guān)影響因素分析[J].中國美容醫(yī)學(xué),2020,29(7):87-90.