完形填空攻略

完形填空題主要考查學(xué)生英語(yǔ)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言的綜合運(yùn)用能力，包括閱讀理解能力、分析判斷能力、邏輯推理能力以及跨文化交際能力等，是高考試題中要求高、難度大的一個(gè)題型。

完形填空的文章以記敘文為主，敘議結(jié)合，文章的長(zhǎng)度基本保持在300詞左右，以考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇理解能力和推理判斷能力為主，要求學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀文章，綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境解題。完形填空考點(diǎn)的設(shè)置以動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等實(shí)詞為主，其中動(dòng)詞、名詞是考查的重點(diǎn)。

由于完形填空是高考試題中難度較大的題型，因此掌握完形填空的解題技巧對(duì)學(xué)生尤為重要。下面我們結(jié)合對(duì)高考試題的分析，介紹幾種常見(jiàn)的完形填空解題技巧。

一、利用邏輯關(guān)系解題

完形填空?？疾閷W(xué)生在閱讀中對(duì)文章上下文邏輯關(guān)系（如因果、對(duì)比、對(duì)應(yīng)、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)）的判斷能力。因此，理清文章的前后邏輯關(guān)系是十分重要的。

1.因果關(guān)系

典型例題1

Two weeks earlier， my son， Ben， had got in touch. Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id 41. last seen him. So imagine my? when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. （2018全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）

42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry

【點(diǎn)撥】第42空所在句開(kāi)頭的so提示邏輯關(guān)系，表結(jié)果，而該空的后文為感情提示。因?yàn)樽髡吲c兒子13年未見(jiàn)，所以當(dāng)收到兒子的郵件說(shuō)要來(lái)看望他時(shí)自然是很高興的，前后兩句形成因果關(guān)系，故選A。

2.對(duì)比關(guān)系

典型例題2

I had advised the kids that while verbs （動(dòng)詞） may seem dull， most of the50things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. （2017全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）

50. A. simple B. unique C. fun D. clever

【點(diǎn)撥】第50空所在句中while表示從句與主句之間是對(duì)比關(guān)系，可理解為“一方面……另一方面……”，能與dull形成對(duì)比的只能是fun，故選C。

3.對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系

典型例題3

The baby was born and update texts were 47. coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother， Teresa. In her ， she didnt seem to realize that she was 49. sharing the babys photos with a complete stranger. （2018全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ）

48. A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort

【點(diǎn)撥】第48空前一句修飾祖母用的是形容詞overjoyed，表示“欣喜若狂”，所以選項(xiàng)中的excitement與overjoyed對(duì)應(yīng)，因此excitement符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。

4.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

典型例題4

Its about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota. During the long trip home， following a weekend of hunting， Ehlers 41. thought about the small dog he had seen 42. trembling alongside the road. He had 43. tried to coax （哄） the dog to him but， frightened， it had44 . （2019全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）

44. A. calmed down? B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off

【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)句意，第44空的前文提到作者試圖把小狗哄到自己身邊，但是小狗害怕。以but連接，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此小狗在害怕之后只能是本能地跑開(kāi)，run off意為“逃跑”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。

二、利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)解題

完形填空文章是一個(gè)意義完整、上下關(guān)聯(lián)的語(yǔ)篇，行文中的替代現(xiàn)象和詞語(yǔ)重復(fù)是不可避免的。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)是指某一詞以原詞、代詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇中，通過(guò)這種復(fù)現(xiàn)使文章前后相互照應(yīng)、貫通一致。

典型例題5

Hearing these stories， Im 44. skeptical about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However， I soon 45. discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of46among tons of rubbish. I find a 47. clean mountain， with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48. significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49. paying off.

The best of a Kilimanjaro50 ， in my opinion， isnt reaching the top. Mountains are 51. regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. …（2019全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ）

46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones

50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight

【點(diǎn)撥】第46空后一句中的with toilets at camps，表示“帳篷中有衛(wèi)生間”，與第46題的C項(xiàng)camps相對(duì)應(yīng);第44空所在段末尾的“purer” natural experiences，表示“更純粹的自然經(jīng)歷”，與第50題的B項(xiàng)experience相對(duì)應(yīng)，兩道題均屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故46題選C，50題選B。

典型例題6

During my second year at the city college， I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course， called Thinking Chess， for three credits.

…

I managed to get an A in that? and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54. classroom. （2018全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ）

53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment

【點(diǎn)撥】文章第一段第一句中有a “free” course，表示“免費(fèi)的課程”，而第53題的C項(xiàng)course正好與之對(duì)應(yīng)，屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選C。

三、利用上下文暗示解題

很多情況下，在空白處的前后文中，或多或少會(huì)有解題依據(jù)，會(huì)給學(xué)生“暗示”。學(xué)生應(yīng)充分利用這些“暗示”，或順勢(shì)對(duì)下文進(jìn)行推測(cè)，或逆向?qū)ι衔倪M(jìn)行推導(dǎo)，進(jìn)而預(yù)判出答案。

典型例題7

In 1973， I was teaching elementary school. Each day， 27 kids 41. entered “The Thinking Laboratory.” That was the

42. name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43. dull.

Freddy was an average44 ， but not an average person…

Through the years， Id run into former students who would provide 51. updates on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52. graduation from high school… （2017全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）

44. A. scholar B. student C. citizen D. worker

【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)首句的I was teaching elementary school可知，作者是一位老師，再根據(jù)后文的provide 51. updates on old classmates和after his 52. graduation 倒推可知，F(xiàn)reddy當(dāng)時(shí)是一名普通的小學(xué)生，故選B。

四、利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景解題

一般情況下，完形填空的語(yǔ)篇文化因素都很濃厚，內(nèi)容會(huì)涉及社會(huì)生活、天文地理、風(fēng)土人情、人物故事、歷史文化等。學(xué)生若儲(chǔ)備了足夠的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，做題時(shí)加以靈活運(yùn)用，會(huì)受益匪淺。

典型例題8

But that 45. changed when a system of high-tech46was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks （山峰） into the valley below. Wednesday， residents （居民） of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine： A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48. use. …（2019全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ）

46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras

【點(diǎn)撥】第46空可利用生活常識(shí)解題。第46空所在句說(shuō)明該系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)用原理：運(yùn)用高科技鏡子反射山峰接收到的太陽(yáng)光線到山峰底端。而第46題中只有C項(xiàng)mirrors（鏡子）可以與reflect（反射）搭配，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)生活常識(shí)，只有鏡子才能反射或反光。故選C。

通過(guò)以上分析，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，完形填空的解題是有規(guī)律可循的。只要我們?cè)诮忸}過(guò)程中注意運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)募记?，把多種方法結(jié)合起來(lái)，克服急躁心理，最終一定會(huì)取得事半功倍的效果。