劉君 賴俊 張曉雪 何詠聰 冷梅芳 胡婷婷 葉澤兵
【摘要】目的 探討簡(jiǎn)單7步驟生活指南(LS7)綜合干預(yù)對(duì)預(yù)防心房顫動(dòng)患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的價(jià)值。方法 選擇陣發(fā)性心房顫動(dòng)并行射頻消融術(shù)的71例患者,分為L(zhǎng)S7組36例和對(duì)照組35例。對(duì)2組患者進(jìn)行LS7評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)照組術(shù)后予抗心律失常、抗凝及其相關(guān)疾病治療,LS7組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上針對(duì)LS7“一般”和“差”2個(gè)層次進(jìn)行綜合干預(yù),比較2組在治療前和治療12月后(治療后)的心臟彩色多普勒超聲指標(biāo)、收縮壓、舒張壓、CRP、N末端B型利鈉肽原(NT-proBNP)、血糖、血脂,并計(jì)算2組CHA2DS2-VASc積分和LS7總分,比較2組射頻消融術(shù)后心房顫動(dòng)的復(fù)發(fā)率。結(jié)果 治療后LS7組患者的NT-proBNP、CRP水平均低于治療前(P均< 0.05),其NT-proBNP、CRP、舒張壓、空腹血糖、總膽固醇、LDL-C、BMI均低于對(duì)照組(P均< 0.05)。治療后2組心房顫動(dòng)患者的LS7總分均較治療前升高(P均< 0.05),LS7組患者治療后的LS7總分高于對(duì)照組,其術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率亦低于對(duì)照組(P均< 0.05)。結(jié)論 LS7綜合干預(yù)可有效提升射頻消融術(shù)后患者心血管健康狀況,預(yù)防心房顫動(dòng)術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】簡(jiǎn)單7步驟生活指南;綜合干預(yù);陣發(fā)性心房顫動(dòng);復(fù)發(fā)
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the predictive value of Lifes Simple 7 score for the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation. Methods Seventy-one patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation undergoing radiofrequency ablation were recruited and randomly divided into the control (n = 35) and LS7 intervention groups (n = 36). LS7 score assessment was performed between two groups. Patients in the control group were treated with anti-arrhythmia, anti-coagulation and related diseases after operation, and those in the LS7 group were given with comprehensive intervention according to average and poor LS7 scores based on the treatment in the control group. Before and 12 months after corresponding interventions, cardiovascular health score (LS7 score), cardiac color Doppler ultrasound parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein (CRP), NT-proBNP, blood glucose, blood lipid were measured and compared between two groups. The CHA2DS2-VASc and LS7 scores were calculated in two groups. The recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation was statistically compared between two groups. Results The CRP and NT-ProBNP levels in the LS7 group were significantly declined after treatment (both P < 0.05). In the LS7 group, CRP and NT-ProBNP levels, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). In the LS7 group, the total LS7 score was remarkably higher, whereas the postoperative recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation was significantly lower compared with those in the control group after treatment (both P < 0.05). Conclusion LS7 comprehensive intervention can effectively improve the cardiovascular status after radiofrequency ablation and prevent the postoperative recurrence of atrial fibrillation in atrial fibrillation patients.
【Key words】Lifes Simple 7;Comprehensive intervention;Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation;Recurrence
心房顫動(dòng)是臨床常見的心律失常之一,人群發(fā)病率約為0.5%,且發(fā)病率隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而升高,在60歲以上人群中發(fā)病率超過6%,是腦卒中、心力衰竭等致死、致殘等疾病的重要原因之一[1]。近年來心房顫動(dòng)的治療已取得較多進(jìn)展,特別是射頻消融術(shù)已成為心房顫動(dòng)的重要治療方法[2]。但是射頻消融術(shù)后的心房顫動(dòng)復(fù)發(fā)率仍高達(dá)20% ~ 60%,并且復(fù)發(fā)模式呈現(xiàn)多樣、復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn)[3]。早期識(shí)別心房顫動(dòng)射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)患者,是優(yōu)化心房顫動(dòng)射頻消融治療的重要前提。簡(jiǎn)單7步驟生活指南(LS7)由美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)(AHA)在2010年提出,包括戒煙、體力活動(dòng)、健康飲食和控制BMI、血糖、血脂和血壓,通過簡(jiǎn)單易行、可干預(yù)改變的健康行為來改善飲食和生活習(xí)慣,從而達(dá)到理想的心血管健康水平,最終預(yù)防心血管疾病的發(fā)生和死亡[4]。流行病學(xué)研究證實(shí),LS7指標(biāo)的改善與降低高血壓、心力衰竭等心血管疾病發(fā)病和死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈正相關(guān)[5-6]。本研究旨在探討LS7綜合干預(yù)對(duì)預(yù)防心房顫動(dòng)患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
對(duì)象與方法
一、研究對(duì)象
收集2018年1月至2019年1月在我院心內(nèi)科住院的陣發(fā)性心房顫動(dòng)患者,滿足以下條件且經(jīng)射頻消融成功的患者可入選:①術(shù)前心電圖表現(xiàn)為典型的頻發(fā)房性期前收縮、短陣房性心動(dòng)過速、心房撲動(dòng)、心房顫動(dòng)并反復(fù)發(fā)作,癥狀明顯;②2種以上的抗心律失常藥物治療無效;③高血壓病和冠狀動(dòng)脈粥性硬化性心臟?。ü谛牟。┬慕g痛經(jīng)藥物干預(yù)后有效控制。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①年齡<18歲或>75歲;②左心房?jī)?nèi)徑(LAD)>55 mm;③充血性心力衰竭,LVEF<35%;④食道心臟超聲檢查或CT或MRI發(fā)現(xiàn)左心房血栓;⑤某些器質(zhì)性心臟病如擴(kuò)張型心肌病、冠心病心肌梗死、瓣膜性心臟?。ㄔl(fā)病未能得到有效矯治或安裝了機(jī)械瓣);⑥有腦卒中史;⑦其他原因引起的心房顫動(dòng),如甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)、酒精或藥物中毒等;⑧有胺碘酮或抗凝劑(如華法林)的禁忌證。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有入選患者均給予口頭告知并簽署知情同意書。
二、方 法
1. LS7的評(píng)價(jià)
LS7由吸煙情況、BMI、體力活動(dòng)、健康飲食、血脂、血糖和血壓共7項(xiàng)指標(biāo)組成。每項(xiàng)指標(biāo)定義為“理想”“一般”“差”共3個(gè)層次,依次賦值“2分”“1分”“0分”,見表1。LS7總分0 ~ 14分,分為較差(0 ~ 4分)、中等(5 ~ 9分)及優(yōu)異(10 ~ 14分),分值高表明心血管健康狀況良好。
2. 分組及干預(yù)
將入選射頻消融術(shù)后的患者通過計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)數(shù)將其分為L(zhǎng)S7組36例和對(duì)照組35例。2組患者均進(jìn)行LS7評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)照組術(shù)后予抗心律失常、抗凝及其相關(guān)疾病治療等常規(guī)術(shù)后治療,LS7組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上針對(duì)LS7“一般”和“差”2個(gè)層次進(jìn)行綜合干預(yù)(表1):①由固定的護(hù)士通過電話及門診的方式獲取患者的BMI、身體活動(dòng)、飲食和吸煙4種健康行為執(zhí)行情況,進(jìn)行評(píng)分分析,進(jìn)一步反饋于患者,并進(jìn)行健康宣教;②由固定的心血管??漆t(yī)師對(duì)患者血糖、血脂、血壓3種健康因素進(jìn)行門診及電話隨訪并進(jìn)行健康宣教、必要時(shí)對(duì)其進(jìn)行藥物治療及調(diào)整治療方案。
3. 觀察指標(biāo)
入組時(shí)分別記錄2組患者年齡、性別、BMI、吸煙情況,以及糖尿病、冠心病或高血壓病和用藥方案,在治療前和治療12月后(治療后)分別記錄心臟彩色多普勒超聲(彩超)指標(biāo)、收縮壓、舒張壓、CRP、N末端B型利鈉肽原(NT-proBNP)、血糖和血脂等,并計(jì)算CHA2DS2-VASc積分和LS7總分[7]。
4. 術(shù)后處理和隨訪
2組患者均在術(shù)后口服心律失常藥物(胺碘酮)3個(gè)月,同時(shí)均接受抗凝治療(華法林)至少2個(gè)月。術(shù)后3個(gè)月則開始進(jìn)行電話隨訪及門診隨訪至研究結(jié)束,隨訪檢查內(nèi)容包括24 h動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖及常規(guī)心電圖檢查。若在隨訪期間出現(xiàn)以下不適癥狀,如心悸、頭暈等,應(yīng)及時(shí)返院完善心電圖檢查。術(shù)后3個(gè)月仍存在快速房性心律失常且持續(xù) ≥30 s (心房顫動(dòng)、房性心動(dòng)過速、心房撲動(dòng))發(fā)作定義為心房顫動(dòng)復(fù)發(fā)。2組患者均于治療后進(jìn)行隨訪?;颊唠S訪由實(shí)施LS7綜合干預(yù)的心血管??漆t(yī)師和護(hù)士共同協(xié)作完成。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 22.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。對(duì)于符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)干預(yù)前后比較采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
結(jié)果
一、LS7組和對(duì)照組心房顫動(dòng)術(shù)后患者的一般資料比較
2組心房顫動(dòng)術(shù)后患者的年齡、性別構(gòu)成、吸煙者比例,糖尿病、冠心病、高血壓病患者比例,以及患者臨床用藥方案比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均> 0.05),見表2。
二、治療前后LS7組和對(duì)照組心房顫動(dòng)術(shù)后患者的輔助檢查指標(biāo)比較
治療前,2組心房顫動(dòng)術(shù)后患者的心臟彩超、NT-proBNP、CRP、血壓、空腹血糖、血脂、BMI、CHA2DS2-VASc積分等相關(guān)指標(biāo)的比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均> 0.05)。治療后,2組間的LAD、LVEDD、LVEF、收縮壓、甘油三酯、CHA2DS2-VASc積分比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均> 0.05),而LS7組患者的NT-proBNP、CRP、舒張壓、空腹血糖、總膽固醇、LDL-C、BMI均低于對(duì)照組(P均< 0.05)。LS7組患者治療后的LAD、LVEDD、LVEF、舒張壓、收縮壓、空腹血糖、總膽固醇、LDL-C、BMI、CHA2DS2-VASc積分均較治療前有改善趨勢(shì),但比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均> 0.05),而NT-proBNP、CRP比治療前降低(P均< 0.05),見表3。
三、 治療前后LS7組和對(duì)照組心房顫動(dòng)術(shù)后
患者的LS7總分及復(fù)發(fā)率比較
治療后2組心房顫動(dòng)術(shù)后患者的LS7總分均較治療前升高(P均< 0.05)。治療后,LS7組的LS7評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,其復(fù)發(fā)率亦低于對(duì)照組(P均< 0.05),見表4。
討論
心房顫動(dòng)是臨床上最常見的快速性心律失常,其發(fā)病率隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而升高,具有較高的致殘率和致死率[8]。由于心房顫動(dòng)的藥物治療效果不盡如人意,因此近年來射頻消融術(shù)成為心房顫動(dòng)的重要治療手段[2, 9]。然而值得注意的是,20% ~ 60%的心房顫動(dòng)射頻消融病例在術(shù)后仍然存在復(fù)發(fā)。射頻消融術(shù)后高復(fù)發(fā)率促使研究者不斷尋找預(yù)測(cè)術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的相關(guān)因素。近年來,諸多研究表明心房顫動(dòng)射頻消融術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)可能與年齡、冠心病、LAD、BMI、持續(xù)時(shí)間或長(zhǎng)程持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)等因素有關(guān)[10]。更有研究表明,BMI是新發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[11]。Kalil等[12]研究表明,LAD是影響心房顫動(dòng)射頻消融術(shù)后維持竇性心律的主要因素,LAD越大,術(shù)后心房顫動(dòng)復(fù)發(fā)率越高,故左心房增大是心房顫動(dòng)射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)因子。
由美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)頒布的理想心血管健康指南,即LS7,通過7項(xiàng)指標(biāo)改善飲食和生活習(xí)慣從而達(dá)到理想心血管健康[13]。這7項(xiàng)涉及運(yùn)動(dòng),良好的飲食習(xí)慣,控制BMI,控制血壓、血脂,降低血糖。心血管健康指標(biāo)LS7與心血管疾病和腦卒中的發(fā)生率密切相關(guān)。心房顫動(dòng)與心血管疾?。–VD)具有一些共同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,LS7部分指標(biāo)的控制欠佳與較高的心房顫動(dòng)發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)[13-14]。2018年美國(guó)一項(xiàng)研究對(duì)LS7指標(biāo)評(píng)分與心房顫動(dòng)的關(guān)聯(lián)進(jìn)行了研究評(píng)估[14]。該研究為前瞻性隊(duì)列研究,共納入9576例受試者,在隨后9.4年的觀察中,共有725例出現(xiàn)心房顫動(dòng),通過對(duì)LS7評(píng)分量化分組與心房顫動(dòng)及CVD的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)LS7的評(píng)分越高,不僅CVD發(fā)生率降低,心房顫動(dòng)的發(fā)生率也越低。這就提示通過LS7評(píng)分可預(yù)測(cè)心房顫動(dòng)的發(fā)生率,但其與心房顫動(dòng)射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系未有研究。
本研究是通過心血管??谱o(hù)士與醫(yī)師共同協(xié)作的LS7綜合干預(yù),分別對(duì)患者進(jìn)行為期12個(gè)月的4個(gè)健康生活方式和3個(gè)健康因素進(jìn)行健康教育和(或)藥物治療,從而探討LS7綜合干預(yù)對(duì)預(yù)防心房顫動(dòng)患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的價(jià)值。結(jié)果顯示,LS7組患者的LS7評(píng)分、NT-proBNP、CRP均較對(duì)照組明顯改善。目前的研究表明CRP升高是心房顫動(dòng)發(fā)生的預(yù)測(cè)因素,消融術(shù)前高水平的CRP對(duì)預(yù)防心房顫動(dòng)復(fù)發(fā)有預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[15-16]。利鈉肽家族成員BNP作為心臟循環(huán)激素,具有較強(qiáng)的利鈉、利尿、舒張血管、抑制腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統(tǒng)和抗血管平滑肌細(xì)胞及內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的增殖作用。有研究分析了特發(fā)性心房顫動(dòng)患者和健康者的血清BNP、NT-proBNP水平,結(jié)果顯示特發(fā)性心房顫動(dòng)患者的BNP、NT-proBNP水平均高于后者,并且這種升高與心房顫動(dòng)的持續(xù)時(shí)間無關(guān)[17]。本研究顯示,經(jīng)LS7綜合干預(yù)12個(gè)月,心房顫動(dòng)射頻消融術(shù)后患者的NT-proBNP、CRP和LS7總分均高于對(duì)照組,其心房顫動(dòng)復(fù)發(fā)率均低于對(duì)照組,提示LS7綜合干預(yù)可有效提升射頻消融術(shù)后患者心血管健康狀況,預(yù)防心房顫動(dòng)復(fù)發(fā)。
綜上所述,LS7綜合干預(yù)可有效提升射頻消融術(shù)后患者心血管健康狀況,預(yù)防術(shù)后心房顫動(dòng)復(fù)發(fā)。但由于研究時(shí)間的限制,樣本量較小,隨訪時(shí)間也不夠長(zhǎng),日后將進(jìn)行更深入的研究以驗(yàn)證結(jié)果。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-21)
(本文編輯:林燕薇)