李璠 王玉平 陳兆峰 郭慶紅 關泉林 周永寧
[摘要] 目的 研究胃癌患者長鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)表達與胃癌臨床特征及預后相關性。 方法 計算機檢索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science數(shù)據庫,檢索時間截至2019年4月。根據檢索策略及納入、排除標準對文獻進行篩選,并提取相關資料數(shù)據。使用Stata軟件進行meta分析。 結果 本研究最終納入18篇文獻。lncRNA高表達組患胃癌風險是低表達組的1.510倍(HR = 1.510,95%CI:1.213~1.878,P = 0.000)。meta分析結果顯示文獻存在發(fā)表偏倚。lncRNA表達水平與胃癌患者的TNM分期(HR = 1.981,95%CI:1.458~2.692,P = 0.000)、腫瘤分化程度(HR = 1.273,95%CI:1.103~1.469,P = 0.001)、浸潤深度(HR = 1.862,95%CI:1.565~2.216,P = 0.000)、淋巴結轉移(HR=1.570,95%CI:1.086~2.270,P = 0.016)、遠處轉移(HR = 2.581,95%CI:1.503~4.430,P = 0.001)相關性明顯。結論 lncRNA與胃癌患者預后不良以及臨床病理特征相關,可能成為胃癌患者預后以及病情監(jiān)控的重要指標,但其臨床應用價值還需在未來更多研究中予以證實。
[關鍵詞] 長鏈非編碼RNA;胃癌;預后;臨床特征;meta分析
[中圖分類號] R735? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)05(b)-0090-05
Meta analysis of the relationship between the lncRNA and clinical features of gastric cancer
LI Fan1,2? ?WANG Yuping1,2? ?CHEN Zhaofeng1,2? ?GUO Qinghong1,2? ?GUAN Quanlin3? ?ZHOU Yongning1,2
1.Department of Digestive, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Province, Lanzhou? ?730000, China; 2.Lanzhou University Gansu Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Gansu Province, Lanzhou? ?730000, China; 3.Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Province, Lanzhou? ?730000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the correlation between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and gastric cancer and prognosis. Methods PubMed, EMbase and Web of Science database were searched, the search ended on April 2019. According to the retrieval strategy and inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literatures were screened and the relevant data were extracted. Stata software was used for meta analysis. Results Eighteen literatures were included in this study. The risk of gastric cancer in the group with high expression of lncRNA was 1.510 times than that of the group with low expression of lncRNA (HR = 1.510, 95%CI: 1.213-1.878, P = 0.000). Meta-analysis showed that there was publication bias in the literature. LncRNA expression level and TNM stage of gastric cancer patients (HR = 1.981, 95%CI: 1.458-2.692, P = 0.000), tumor differentiation degree (HR = 1.273, 95%CI: 1.103-1.469, P = 0.001), invasion depth (HR = 1.862, 95%CI: 1.565-2.216, P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (HR = 1.570, 95%CI: 1.086-2.270, P = 0.016), and distant metastasis (HR = 2.581, 95%CI: 1.503-4.430, P = 0.001) were significantly correlated. Conclusion lncRNA is associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological features in patients with gastric cancer, so it may be an important biomarker for gastric cancer patients. However, its clinical application still needs to be verified through more researches in the future.
[Key words] Long non-coding RNA; Gastric cancer; Prognosis; Clinical features; Meta-analysis
胃癌作為全球范圍內高發(fā)的惡性腫瘤,嚴重威脅人類的健康生存狀態(tài)。據統(tǒng)計,胃癌的發(fā)病率及病死率分別位居全球惡性腫瘤的第四位和第二位[1]?,F(xiàn)階段臨床診斷胃癌的金標準仍為活組織病理檢查,但其為有創(chuàng)檢查且費用昂貴,難以在臨床上推廣。多種腫瘤標志物在臨床應用于胃癌的診斷,但其診斷效能仍較局限[2],因此尋找一種診斷效能較高且易在臨床推廣的腫瘤標志物有十分重要的意義。長鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)是一類長度超過200 nt,無蛋白編碼功能的RNA,與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關[3-5],lncRNA與胃癌患者的臨床病理特征、生存情況以及腫瘤細胞的生物學行為有著十分密切的聯(lián)系[6],但是目前尚缺乏有效的循證醫(yī)學證據證實。因此本研究對納入的文章進行meta分析,探討lncRNA與胃癌患者臨床病理特征以及預后之間的關系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 檢索策略
計算機檢索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science數(shù)據庫,檢索時間截至2019年4月。主題詞與自由詞相結合的方式制訂檢索策略,根據納入與排除標準納入本次meta分析文獻。檢索詞:Stomach Cancer,Gastric Cancer,Stomach Neoplasms,Cancer of Stomach,LNCRNA,long noncoding RNA,survival,prognostic
1.2 納入及排除標準
納入標準:①經組織病理學確診為胃癌;②組織標本中驗證lncRNA的差異表達;③對組織標本來源進行臨床病理分析以及預后相關性分析;④納入文獻為公開發(fā)表的文獻;⑤可獲得全文;⑥研究資料齊全,可提取HR、95%CI以及觀察指標的文獻。排除標準:①重復文獻、綜述類文章、會議報道等;②文獻研究內容為非原發(fā)性胃癌。
1.3 文獻質量評價
仔細閱讀納入文獻,根據紐卡斯爾-渥太華量表(NOS)對納入文獻進行質量評價[7]。<6分為低質量文章,≥6分為高質量文章。
1.4 文獻篩選與資料提取
根據已制訂的文獻納入與排除標準對文獻進行篩選,并提取相關資料數(shù)據。文獻提取的數(shù)據包括:研究題目、第一作者、發(fā)表年份與地區(qū);研究納入樣本類型與數(shù)量;lncRNA名稱、表達水平、對預后的影響、檢測方法;預后指標,如總生存期;臨床病理資料,包括年齡、性別、腫瘤分化程度、腫瘤直徑、腫瘤浸潤深度、淋巴結轉移、遠處轉移、TNM分期。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學方法
使用Stata 12.0軟件評價納入文獻的異質性程度。若I2 < 50%,P > 0.1,提示納入文獻無明顯異質性,采用固定效應模型;若I2 > 50%,P < 0.1,提示納入文獻存在明顯異質性,采用隨機效應模型。對存在明顯異質性的文獻進行敏感性分析。繪制漏斗圖評價發(fā)表偏倚。
2 結果
2.1 文獻檢索結果
本研究最終納入18篇[8-25]文獻,發(fā)表年限為2014年~2019年,共納入病例2291例。本研究納入文獻均≥6分,屬于高質量文章。見圖1、表1。
2.2 lncRNA表達與胃癌相關性分析
I2=87.4%,P = 0.000,提示文獻異質性較高,采用隨機效應模型進行分析。研究顯示,lncRNA高表達組患胃癌風險是低表達組的1.510倍[HR = 1.510,95%CI:1.213~1.878,P = 0.000]。見圖2。
2.3 發(fā)表偏倚結果
18篇文獻觀察指標不在一個漏斗內,且左右不對稱,存在明顯的發(fā)表偏倚。見圖3。
2.4 敏感性分析
5篇文獻[8,14,20,24-25]對研究結果存在較大影響,其他納入文獻研究結果基本穩(wěn)定。見圖4。
2.5 lncRNA表達與臨床病理特征的相關性分析
lncRNA的表達水平與胃癌患者臨床病理特征中的TNM分期[HR = 1.981,95%CI:1.458~2.692,P = 0.000]、腫瘤分化程度[HR = 1.273,95%CI:1.103~1.469,P = 0.001]、浸潤深度[HR = 1.862,95%CI:1.565~2.216,P = 0.000]、淋巴結轉移[HR = 1.570,95%CI:1.086~2.270,P = 0.016]、遠處轉移[HR = 2.581,95%CI:1.503~4.430,P = 0.001]相關性明顯。見表2。
3 討論
有效降低癌癥發(fā)病率和死亡率是目前全球癌癥防控工作亟待解決的問題[26]。胃癌作為腫瘤領域難以攻克的關卡,一直被研究者們所關注,而胃癌的早期診斷也是胃癌相關研究領域的難點所在,因此尋找一種能夠對胃癌患者進行有效診斷以及預后的腫瘤標志物有著十分重要的意義。
lncRNA作為一種與腫瘤發(fā)生有著密切關系的非編碼RNA,與胃癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展同樣有著密不可分的關系[27-28],例如:H19通過結合p53抑制Bax通路實現(xiàn)對胃癌細胞增殖和凋亡的影響[29];HOTAIR通過降低miR-331-3p水平,促進胃癌細胞增殖、遷移和侵襲[30]。
本研究結果顯示,胃癌患者TNM分期、腫瘤分化程度、浸潤深度、淋巴結轉移、遠處轉移與lncRNA的表達有著明顯相關性,且lncRNA高表達組胃癌的患病風險是低表達組的1.510倍。提示lncRNA作為早期胃癌診斷的標志物有著十分重要的臨床應用價值,lncRNA表達量上升可能是重要的致癌因素,提示lncRNA有作為胃癌患者檢測指標的潛力。本研究納入文獻存在明顯異質性及發(fā)表偏倚,不同樣本量、基因表達水平以及分析方法可能是納入文獻異質性的主要來源;敏感性分析結果顯示,5篇文獻[8,14,20,24-25]對研究結果存在較大影響,提示其可能是納入文獻發(fā)表偏倚的主要來源。明顯的異質性是影響meta分析結果可靠性的一個重要因素,對于meta分析納入文獻的異質性需要在今后的研究中通過提高文章檢索的全面性與精確性來降低。
本研究的不足之處在于①本研究所納入文獻均為中國地區(qū)的研究,不能很好地描述不同地域及不同人群等條件下lncRNA的表達水平對胃癌患者的預后;②納入研究均為回顧性研究,可能導致研究結果存在偏倚風險;③不同研究的質量不同,可能是發(fā)表偏倚的主要來源。
以本研究結果為基礎,結合生物信息學、樣本分析、實驗研究找出對于胃癌早期診斷具有較高特異性與敏感性的lncRNA作為診斷標志物,為臨床工作中胃癌的早診、早治提供新的有效診斷依據。
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(收稿日期:2019-10-10? 本文編輯:劉明玉)