鐘敏 彭云蓉 肖敏 羅燕萍 羅麟 范國(guó)裕 陸堃 黎明
【摘要】 目的:應(yīng)用血流介導(dǎo)的血管舒張反應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)美沙酮維持治療者的血管內(nèi)皮功能。方法:選取2017年1月-2018年12月在本區(qū)各醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)收治的52例吸毒者為研究對(duì)象,其中24例美沙酮門(mén)診初診者為美沙酮初診組,28例美沙酮維持治療者為美沙酮維持治療組,同時(shí)選取30例健康志愿者作為正常對(duì)照組。比較三組肱動(dòng)脈基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)徑、肱動(dòng)脈反應(yīng)性充血內(nèi)徑、肱動(dòng)脈基礎(chǔ)血流速度、減壓后肱動(dòng)脈最大血流速度、肱動(dòng)脈血流介導(dǎo)的內(nèi)徑擴(kuò)張值。結(jié)果:美沙酮維持治療組及美沙酮初診組肱動(dòng)脈基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)徑均大于正常對(duì)照組,且美沙酮初診組大于美沙酮維持治療組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。美沙酮初診組、美沙酮維持治療組肱動(dòng)脈血流介導(dǎo)內(nèi)徑擴(kuò)張值明顯低于正常對(duì)照組,且美沙酮初診組低于美沙酮維持治療組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。美沙酮初診組肱動(dòng)脈基礎(chǔ)血流速度明顯高于美沙酮維持治療組及正常對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。三組肱動(dòng)脈反應(yīng)性充血內(nèi)徑、減壓后肱動(dòng)脈最大血流速度比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)結(jié)論:可利用FMD技術(shù)長(zhǎng)期隨訪美沙酮維持治療患者的血管內(nèi)皮功能,根據(jù)FMD結(jié)果評(píng)價(jià)美沙酮維持治療的效果,建議在臨床中廣泛應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 血流介導(dǎo)的血管舒張反應(yīng) 美沙酮維持治療 血管內(nèi)皮功能 評(píng)估價(jià)值
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.12.011 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2020)12-00-03
Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Methadone Maintenance Treatment Using Blood Flow-mediated Vasodilation Response/ZHONG Min, PENG Yunrong, XIAO Min, LUO Yanping, LUO Lin, FAN Guoyu, LU Kun, LI Ming. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(12): -28
[Abstract] Objective: To evaluate the vascular endothelial function in patients with Methadone maintenance treatment by blood flow-mediated vasodilation. Method: A total of 52 drug abusers admitted in various medical institutions in this district from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as the research objects. Among them, 24 cases with Methadone initial diagnosis were in the Methadone initial diagnosis group, and 28 cases with Methadone maintenance treatment were in the Methadone maintenance treatment group. Meanwhile, 30 healthy volunteers were selected as the normal control group. The basal internal diameter of the brachial artery, the reactive hyperemic initial diameter of the brachial artery, the basal blood flow velocity of the brachial artery, the maximum blood flow velocity of the brachial artery after decompression, and the value of brachial artery blood flow-mediated internal diameter expansion were compared among the three groups. Result: The basal internal diameter of the brachial artery in the Methadone initial diagnosis group and the Methadone maintenance treatment group were significantly larger than those in the normal control group, and the Methadone initial diagnosis group was larger than the Methadone maintenance treatment group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The value of brachial artery blood flow-mediated internal diameter expansion in the Methadone initial diagnosis group and the Methadone maintenance treatment group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group, and the Methadone initial diagnosis group was lower than that in the Methadone maintenance treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The basal blood flow velocity of the brachial artery in the Methadone initial diagnosis group was significantly higher than that in the methadone maintenance treatment group and the normal control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among three groups in the the reactive hyperemic initial diameter of the brachial artery and the maximum blood flow velocity of the brachial artery after decompression (P>0.05). Conclusion: The blood flow-mediated vasodilation response technology can be used to follow up the vascular endothelial function of Methadone maintenance treatment patients for a long time, and the effect of Methadone maintenance treatment can be evaluated according to flow-mediated vasodilation response results, which is recommended to be widely used in clinical practice.
[Key words] Blood flow-mediated vasodilation response Methadone maintenance treatment Vascular endothelial function Evaluation value
First-authors address: Longgang District Peoples Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
美沙酮維持治療(methadone maintenance treatment,MMT)屬于對(duì)海洛因等阿片類(lèi)藥物存在生理與心理雙重依賴(lài)者的替代治療方法[1]。根據(jù)資料顯示,美沙酮維持治療是現(xiàn)階段針對(duì)阿片類(lèi)藥物身心嚴(yán)重依賴(lài)者治療效果最為顯著的方式。該治療措施能顯著提升患者生活品質(zhì)、改善患者血流介導(dǎo)的血管舒張反應(yīng)狀態(tài)。血流介導(dǎo)的血管舒張反應(yīng)(flow-mediated dilation,F(xiàn)MD)屬于評(píng)估血管內(nèi)皮狀態(tài)的檢測(cè)技術(shù),該技術(shù)屬于無(wú)創(chuàng)性檢測(cè)手段。其工作機(jī)制為:通過(guò)血管在出現(xiàn)血液不足時(shí),發(fā)生的反應(yīng)式血流數(shù)量提升、充血舒張,從而導(dǎo)致血管內(nèi)徑發(fā)生改變。醫(yī)師可以根據(jù)其改變程度,對(duì)血管內(nèi)皮功能水平進(jìn)行評(píng)估[2]。FMD與傳統(tǒng)硝酸甘油傳導(dǎo)的非內(nèi)皮依賴(lài)性血管舒張存在一定差異,該技術(shù)主要是經(jīng)測(cè)定外周動(dòng)脈內(nèi)徑基本數(shù)值,以及刺激反應(yīng)后血管內(nèi)徑及血流速率改變情況,通過(guò)非直接的方式釋放NO,從而達(dá)到評(píng)估內(nèi)皮功能的目的。有學(xué)者指出,F(xiàn)MD檢測(cè)屬于非侵入性檢查內(nèi)皮功能的主要技術(shù),存在較高可重復(fù)操作性,通常用于臨床疾病進(jìn)展初期判定、治療效果判定、量化心血管癥狀出現(xiàn)率、評(píng)估預(yù)后效果等方面,且均具有極高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,從而在心血管相關(guān)疾病治療中廣泛應(yīng)用[3]。但現(xiàn)階段針對(duì)美沙酮維持治療患者的血管內(nèi)皮功能的影響暫時(shí)缺乏大量相關(guān)研究。因此,本研究通過(guò)探討利用FMD技術(shù)檢測(cè)美沙酮維持治療患者內(nèi)皮功能的變化,為后續(xù)研究及治療提供理論參考,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2017年1月-2018年12月本區(qū)各醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)收治的52例吸毒者為研究對(duì)象,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)與DSM-Ⅳ有關(guān)阿片類(lèi)依賴(lài)判定準(zhǔn)則相符;(2)無(wú)吸煙、酗酒史;(3)無(wú)嚴(yán)重心臟、肺臟等重要臟器疾病者;(4)無(wú)精神障礙,可正常進(jìn)行交流者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)存在高血壓、糖尿病、甲亢等疾病者;(2)缺乏良好治療依從性者;(3)尿嗎啡診斷結(jié)果為陽(yáng)性。其中24例為美沙酮初診組,該組為首次確診,且暫未接受美沙酮治療措施;28例為美沙酮維持治療組,該組患者毒品戒斷時(shí)間超過(guò)6個(gè)月,藥物應(yīng)用治療時(shí)間超過(guò)3個(gè)月;同時(shí)選取30名健康人群為正常對(duì)照組。其中美沙酮初診組男13例,女11例;年齡19~37歲,平均(28.24±0.76)歲;體質(zhì)量45~80 kg,平均(66.78±3.22)kg;吸毒時(shí)間12~27個(gè)月,平均(18.91±3.09)個(gè)月。美沙酮維持治療組男16例,女12例;年齡20~36歲,
平均(28.66±0.34)歲;毒品戒斷時(shí)間7~24個(gè)月,平均(16.81±0.19)個(gè)月;美沙酮藥物治療時(shí)間4~12個(gè)月,平均(8.14±0.86)個(gè)月。正常對(duì)照組男18例,女12例;年齡18~38歲,平均(27.38±0.62)歲。三組性別、年齡比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),有可比性。自愿參與本次研究,簽署知情同意書(shū)者。
1.2 方法
檢測(cè)方法為通過(guò)高頻超聲探頭(5-12MHz,GE Vivid7/Philips ie33)檢測(cè)肱動(dòng)脈阻斷前后其內(nèi)徑變化的百分比。應(yīng)用該設(shè)備對(duì)研究對(duì)象肱動(dòng)脈血流介導(dǎo)的血管內(nèi)皮舒張反應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析。具體操作步驟為:受測(cè)者選取仰臥體位,右上肢向外伸展15°,將血壓檢測(cè)設(shè)備固定在前臂接近肘窩位置,將其與心電圖相互連接。選取體位休息10 min后,檢測(cè)受測(cè)者右側(cè)肘窩橫紋上部3~10 cm位置檢查肱動(dòng)脈情況,選取縱切面,叮囑受測(cè)者維持固定體位,調(diào)整檢測(cè)深度及增益到可精確顯示出前后壁血管內(nèi)中膜位置,將探頭維持不動(dòng),調(diào)整超聲束及血流方向夾角為55°。在血流介導(dǎo)的血管內(nèi)皮舒張反應(yīng)檢測(cè)條件下,調(diào)整追蹤門(mén)狀態(tài),獲取基礎(chǔ)血管內(nèi)徑(D0)、基礎(chǔ)血流速度(BA-V0)水平。
在心電圖無(wú)顯著波動(dòng)時(shí)檢測(cè)反應(yīng)性充血(D1)狀態(tài)。操作步驟為:將血壓檢測(cè)設(shè)備充氣到大致250 mm Hg的位置,并保持5 min,當(dāng)氣壓釋放后,會(huì)造成反應(yīng)性充血的發(fā)生,整個(gè)操作步驟由設(shè)備自主跟蹤記錄肱動(dòng)脈內(nèi)徑、減壓后肱動(dòng)脈最大血流速度(BA-Vmax)改變情況,并進(jìn)行計(jì)算。肱動(dòng)脈血流介導(dǎo)的內(nèi)徑擴(kuò)張值(FMD)=(D1-D0)/D0×100%。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
比較三組患者肱動(dòng)脈基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)徑(BA-D0)、肱動(dòng)脈反應(yīng)性充血內(nèi)徑(BA-D1)、肱動(dòng)脈基礎(chǔ)血流速度(BA-V0)、減壓后肱動(dòng)脈最大血流速度(BA-Vmax)、肱動(dòng)脈血流介導(dǎo)的內(nèi)徑擴(kuò)張值間的差異。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
應(yīng)用SPSS 13.0軟件對(duì)選取資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,組間對(duì)比采用方差分析,組間兩兩對(duì)比應(yīng)用最小顯著性差異(Least Significant Difference,LSD)方式,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
美沙酮維持治療組及美沙酮初診組肱動(dòng)脈基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)徑大于正常對(duì)照組,且美沙酮初診組大于美沙酮維持治療組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);美沙酮初診組、美沙酮維持治療組肱動(dòng)脈血流介導(dǎo)內(nèi)徑擴(kuò)張值明顯低于正常對(duì)照組,且美沙酮初診組低于美沙酮維持治療組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);美沙酮初診組肱動(dòng)脈基礎(chǔ)血流速度明顯高于美沙酮維持治療組及正常對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);三組肱動(dòng)脈反應(yīng)性充血內(nèi)徑、減壓后肱動(dòng)脈最大血流速度比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。