淺談啟發(fā)式教學(xué)在英語閱讀課中的運用

【摘要】隨著新課標(biāo)高中英語教學(xué)對學(xué)生素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)提出了越來越高的要求，作為教學(xué)的主導(dǎo)者，我們教師要正確理解高中英語的“啟發(fā)式教學(xué)”內(nèi)涵，深刻認(rèn)識“啟發(fā)式教學(xué)”在新課標(biāo)高中教學(xué)中的優(yōu)勢和要遵循的原則，適時、正確地使用“啟發(fā)式”教學(xué)，提高課堂教學(xué)質(zhì)量。本文重點闡述了在英語閱讀課教學(xué)中，筆者如何利用啟發(fā)式教學(xué)潛移默化地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的分析、綜合、概括、判斷和推理能力，幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一定的思維規(guī)律和方法，讓學(xué)生在領(lǐng)悟語境的過程中積累詞匯，達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。

【關(guān)鍵詞】英語閱讀;啟發(fā)式教學(xué);語境領(lǐng)悟;詞匯積累

【作者簡介】吳穎，余姚市第八中學(xué)。

隨著新課改的深入，教師應(yīng)根據(jù)新教材的特點，有意識、有步驟地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的能力，促進(jìn)學(xué)生將所學(xué)的知識轉(zhuǎn)化為語言技能，并將語言技能轉(zhuǎn)化為初步運用英語交際的能力，最終促進(jìn)學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。

下面以一堂閱讀公開課來具體闡述啟發(fā)式教學(xué)在實踐中的運用。

課堂實錄

Lead-in

T：Do you like reading English stories in your daily life？

Ss：yeah！

T： What kind of stories do you often read？ Ss：fairy tale and stories about famous people.…

T：Good！You must have known these stories…（showing the pictures.） They are so famous， yeah？Do you know what they are named？T：Snow White，the frog prince…

T：Yeah， they always give us meaningful lessons！So what can you learn from the stories？

Ss：We should be kind and honest.

We should be warm and love the people around us. …

T：Yeah， excellent.！Today we will learn such a meaningful story— Mary had a little Lamb.

【設(shè)計意圖】在導(dǎo)入部分，筆者通過話題式導(dǎo)入和圖片導(dǎo)入引入主題，同時通過對話拉近了與學(xué)生們的距離，增加了親和力，并且還啟發(fā)他們要學(xué)會從故事中得出啟示，為后面課堂教學(xué)的開展做好了鋪墊。

Reading

Step 1：Skimming（show the title of the passage） Do you know what “l(fā)amb” means？ Ss：Sheep！

T： Yeah， it has the same meaning with sheep.（show the picture of a cute lamb） a cute Lamb，isnt it？

Ss：Oh， its ugly ，haha.

T：Ok！Now lets skim the story and guess what its about，using one simple sentence ，and pay attention to the title.

Ss：Mary had a Lamb， but it was missing.

T：Excellent?。╳rite down “a missing lamb ”on the blackboard， saying“so its about a missing lamb.”）

【設(shè)計意圖】引導(dǎo)學(xué)生由關(guān)注標(biāo)題到瀏覽全文，快速用一簡單句概括主題，以引出全文標(biāo)題并板書。

Step 2：Scanning Now lets read the story again， and find out answers to these questions.

How many people are there in the story？ Who are they ？Where did the story happen？

Ss：3 people.They are…

T：write down students answers on the blackboard：

Mary Dimitri Aleko

（wife） （husband） （neighbor）

S：The story happened in a tiny village.

T：What does tiny mean？S：Tiny means very small.T：Excellent！

【設(shè)計意圖】通過幾個簡單的問題使學(xué)生把文中的地點和人物關(guān)系理清楚，同時引出新詞并解釋。

Step 3：Careful reading

Now lets read the story more carefully and think about these questions. （read each of them twice and play the record of the story.Then invite some students to answer them one by one.）

1. What did Mary tell Dimitri when he came home？

S1：Mary told Dimitri their lamb was stolen.

T：yeah， but how do you know it was stolen？not run away by itself？

S1：Because the story says the rope had been cut.

T：yeah，excellent！

2.what did Dimitri learn from his friends about his neighbor Aleko？

S2：Their neighbor stole the lamb.

T：yeah， but at first，from his friends，what did Dimitri find out？

S2：From his friends，he found out that his neighbor had suddenly acquired a new Iamb.

T：yeah good，do you know what “acquire”means？

S2：it means“get”！

T：yeah， so it means “got” in this sentence.

3. Then where did Dimitri go？what did he accuse Aleko of？

S3：Dimitri went to Alekos house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb.

T：Yeah，very good！Do you know what “accused” means？

S3：指責(zé)。

T：Yes，it means “blame”！

4. What did Dimitri do when he saw Alekos lamb was black？

S4：Ashamed of having acted so rashly，Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having a ccused him.

T：Yeah excellent！ Do you know what“rashly”means？

S4：魯莽

T：Yes，it means “act too quickly”！ and “apologise”？

S4：道歉

T：Yeah，it means “say sorry to somebody”yes？

5.Why did Dimitri stay in Alekos house for half an hour？ And why was he surprised when he went outside？

S5：While they were talking， it began to rain.

T：Yeah，it may rain for half an hour but why was he surprised when he went outside？

S5：Because he found that the little black lamb was almost white！

T：yeah， and why did the black Lamb turn white？

S5：Because the rain washed it clean.

T：Yeah， in fact， （to all the students）what did Aleko do to the lamb？Please pay attention to the last sentence.

Ss：The lamb had been dyed black！

T：Excellent！pay attention to the word“dye”. it has the same pronunciation with “die”but it means color something.

Ss：染色！

T：Yeah，you are so clever！

【設(shè)計意圖】在精讀部分，筆者精心設(shè)計了5個問題，并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)原文去探求答案。在此基礎(chǔ)上，還根據(jù)學(xué)生的回答和故事情節(jié)進(jìn)行了一系列的追問，同時在上下文語境中引導(dǎo)學(xué)生說出了新詞的含義，使學(xué)生們在深刻理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上積累了詞匯，為后面的概要寫作做好了準(zhǔn)備。

step 4：Discussion

Now can you guess ：

What would happen to the lamb at last？Would it be returned to its owner ？

How would Mary get her lamb back？

Please discuss the ending with your partner for 5 minutes. …

S：It should be returned to Mary because its Marys！ She would be angry if he didnt return it and Mary would call the police. So he had to return the lamb.

T：Excellent ending！

【設(shè)計意圖】在課后討論部分，筆者引導(dǎo)學(xué)生描述出了較合情合理的故事結(jié)尾，同時也啟發(fā)學(xué)生們領(lǐng)悟到基本的為人處世之道。

Step 5：Retell the story

T：Now lets read the story aloud and retell it.

Then write a summary to practice your writing.

After reading，lead the students to speak out the key clues of the story，meanwhile I write them down on the blackboard as follows：

T：So here comes the question：

Was he the thief？/Did he steal the lamb？/Was he tied（related）to the theft？

Ss：Yes！

T：Good ，so should we learn from him in our daily life？

Ss：No，we shouldnt.

T：Then what should we learn from the story？or what meaningful lesson can we acquire from it？

Ss：We should be kind and honest.we shouldnt steal others things.…

T：So remember honesty is the best policy！ Without honesty， we may even have no friends！

【設(shè)計意圖】在故事復(fù)述環(huán)節(jié)，筆者引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行簡單的口述，并把學(xué)生說出來的關(guān)鍵詞以表格形式進(jìn)行板書，以便學(xué)生在后面寫作時能夠?qū)⒒厩楣?jié)串聯(lián)成線。另外，設(shè)計同義句對故事結(jié)尾發(fā)問，既讓學(xué)生明白英語中同一個意思可以有多種表達(dá)方式（概要寫作技巧之一），又引導(dǎo)學(xué)生再一次拷問靈魂，深刻理解故事所帶來的啟示：誠信乃立身之本。

Step 6 Writing a summary

Pay attention to the underlined key words in the story. Then how could we use these words in our summary？Here are some examples based on the story.（show the sentences）

Now write down your own summary as quickly as possible with what we have learnt in this lesson. avoid using the same sentence in the story but use your own words to summarize the story.

Expect your excellent performance！ Who will be the first one to share it with us？

【設(shè)計意圖】根據(jù)故事情節(jié)進(jìn)行概要寫作，并展示幾個例句供學(xué)生模仿，啟發(fā)學(xué)生用自己的話概述全文，最后擇優(yōu)分享，共同學(xué)習(xí)，共同進(jìn)步，學(xué)生們都受益良多。

總之，新課程強(qiáng)調(diào)自主、合作、探究的學(xué)習(xí)精神，注重對學(xué)生創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)。以及批判意識和懷疑精神的培養(yǎng)。而啟發(fā)式教學(xué)要求我們教師從“教育者”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤爸笇?dǎo)者”，更注重對學(xué)生的點撥、啟發(fā)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的精神和批判、創(chuàng)新的能力，從而實現(xiàn)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的最終目標(biāo)。