埃爾克哈尼住宅樓，德黑蘭，伊朗

建筑設(shè)計：[Shift] Process Practice建筑事務(wù)所

伊朗人在20 世紀(jì)經(jīng)歷了迅速的現(xiàn)代化歷程。首都德黑蘭進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模重建，原來兩層樓的建筑被4～5 層的公寓樓替代，城市的生活方式也隨之改變。在這個過程中，一些住宅的理念與建造傳統(tǒng)逐漸被淘汰，比如住房與花園的連接，住宅空間的公共部分，以及由精心設(shè)計的剖面與平面上的連接帶來的室內(nèi)空間的內(nèi)在復(fù)雜性。在埃爾克哈尼住宅樓項目中，我們希望重新認(rèn)識伊朗的住宅空間所遺失的價值。

埃爾克哈尼是一棟4 層樓的建筑，內(nèi)有供一個大家庭居住的3 套住宅。項目基地的北側(cè)是一個封閉的內(nèi)部地塊，與街道的唯一聯(lián)系是本項目基地西面的一條1m 寬的小巷。而項目基地東側(cè)的地塊，其深度是本項目基地與北側(cè)地塊的深度之和。這意味著東側(cè)地塊的建筑的體量永遠(yuǎn)不會遮蓋我們項目的東立面。因此，我們的建筑有4 個獨立的立面，而根據(jù)區(qū)域規(guī)劃，這座建筑竟只算作填充物。在埃爾克哈尼住宅樓的設(shè)計中，我們試圖探索這個獨特的類型——具有4 個立面的填充建筑的潛力。建筑的外墻材料采用本地生產(chǎn)的磚。在南立面，局部外挑或退后的屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)板產(chǎn)生了一系列袋形空間，這些空間體量的組合創(chuàng)造了一系列相連的陽臺。建筑南側(cè)的大部分室內(nèi)空間都從側(cè)面與陽臺相接，而非直接向街道敞開。這些相連的陽臺可看作綠色的口袋花園。在南立面還部分采用了半鏤空的多孔磚墻，作為建筑的第二層表皮。這層遮陽磚簾是部分可移動的，住戶可根據(jù)自身需求移動磚簾來獲得室外景色和采光，同時也讓立面構(gòu)成產(chǎn)生變化。

在剖面構(gòu)成上，項目充分利用了夾在中間的袋形空間和垂直墻面來創(chuàng)造居住空間。為了把建筑的垂直墻面納入住戶的日常生活中，我們在建筑西側(cè)設(shè)計了內(nèi)表面可與常用家電和家具結(jié)合的墻體。

位于建筑北側(cè)的樓梯間是住宅與北邊相鄰地塊之間的緩沖區(qū)，樓梯間北面和西面的間接光照為這里帶來了充足的自然光線。因此，與許多其他公寓樓有所不同的是，樓梯間是埃爾克哈尼住宅樓的社交中心，居民在此相遇，互相問候。從建筑北側(cè)的室內(nèi)也可以看到這個社交空間?！酰缸繝?譯）

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

2 圖示：可動磚屏設(shè)計使南立面形成的動態(tài)變化/Diagrams:the dynamic transformation of southern fa?ade due to the design of operable brick shades.

3 鳥瞰/Aerial view

During the twentieth century, Iranians were rapidly modernised.The capital city of Tehran was rebuilt substantially.The two-story homes were substituted with four to five-story apartment buildings and urban lifestyle was modified accordingly.Certain traditions in the conception and erection of domestic space were rendered obsolete in this process, including the connection of the house with the garden, the communal aspects of domestic spaces, and the intrinsic spatial sophistication of interiors that was the product of well-crafted sectional and planar connections.Eilkhaneh is our attempt to re-evaluate the lost values of Iranian domestic space.

Eilkhaneh is a four-story building that houses three residential units for members of one big family.The lot of the project meets an inner lot in the north that has street access limited to a onemeter-wide alley along the western border of our project.In the east, the neighbouring lot has a depth that is equal to the sum of the depth of our project's lot plus that of the northern neighbour.This means that the mass of the building in the eastern lot will never cover the eastern fa?ade of our project.Hence, our project ends up having four fa?ades, whereas according to the zoning by-laws it is considered an infill! In designing Eilkhaneh,we have tried to explore the potentials of such a unique typology: an infill with four fa?ades.For the exterior fa?ades, we chose locally produced bricks.In the southern fa?ade, the volumetric composition of a series of spatial pockets that are the result of localised extrusions and intrusions of the structural roof plates has created a series of connected balconies.Most of the interior spaces located at the southern part of the building look into these balconies laterally, as opposed to opening up to the street.These connected balconies are envisioned as little green pockets.In parts of the southern fa?ade,a semi-transparent and porous brick wall functions as a second skin.The brick shades are partially operable, allowing for the transformation of the fa?ade composition in terms of access to a view and natural light, according to the desires of the occupants.

The sectional composition of the project allows in-between spatial pockets and vertical surfaces to become partially habitable.To include the vertical architectural surfaces in the programming of the daily life of the inhabitants, the western interior surface is designed to house ordinary appliances and domestic furniture.

The staircase located in the northern part of the building functions as a buffer zone between the residential units and the northern neighbours and enjoys ample natural light due to indirect access from the northern and western sides.Hence,unlike many apartment buildings, in Eilkhaneh the staircase is the social nucleus of the building where residents meet and greet one another.The interior spaces located in the northern part look into this social space as well.□

4 地下平面/Basement plan

5 首層平面/Ground floor plan

6 二層平面/First floor plan

7 三層平面/Second floor plan

8 四層平面/Third floor plan

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Abol-Ghassem Nabian

地點/Location: Zaferaniyeh District, Tehran, Iran

施工方/Construction: Abol-Ghassem Nabian

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Rambod Eilkhani, Nashid Nabian, Dorna Mesrzadeh

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊/Design Team: Parnian Ghaemi, Diba Dayani,Golnaz Jamshidi, Mohsen Khanmohammadi, Milica Milosevic, Mehrasa Chamani Heydari

合作者/Collaborators: Hesamodin Raoufpanah（結(jié)構(gòu)/Structural）, Alireza Ansari Amin（施工/Construction）

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計/Structural Design: Morteza Rezaii Mehr

顧問/Consultants: Ali Ghanizadeh and Ali Piltan (MEP)

材料/Materials: 結(jié)構(gòu)：鋼材；地面：天然木材，玻璃

條墊片澆筑馬賽克；外立面：當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)磚塊，鋼骨架/Structure: steel; Floorings: natural wood, poured mosaic with glass bar spacers; Exterior fa?ades: locally produced brick with steel frame

占地面積/Plot Area: 102.5m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 481.16m2

造價/Cost: 20,300,000,000 IRR (437,000 USD)

設(shè)計時間/Design Time: 2012.06-2012.12

施工時間/Construction Time: 2013.01-2014.09

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2014.09

繪圖/Drawings: [SHIFT] Process Practice

攝影/Photos: Parham Taghioff (fig.1,11,12,17-21), [SHIFT]Process Practice (fig.3,22)

10 屋頂平面/Roof plan

11 夜景/Night view

12 鳥瞰/Aerial view

13 圖示：對于窄巷中鄰里間視線和自然光如何協(xié)調(diào)的研究/Diagram: a lesson on how to negotiate view and natural light in narrow alleys between neighbours

14相鄰樓間的普遍做法/What is normally done in an Inner Lot situation

15本項目對于相鄰樓間的處理辦法/What we have done for the neighbouring Inner Lot

16剖面/Section

17.18 內(nèi)景/Interior views

19 從陽臺向上看/Looking up from the balcony

20 陽臺實景/View of the balcony

評論

青鋒：在一個狹小的地段中，設(shè)計者充分利用了高度的變化，錯動的樓板帶來了很多難以在平面上直接閱讀出來的空間變化。可移動的花磚遮陽別出心裁，可以帶來光線與節(jié)奏的變化。這些豐富的細(xì)節(jié)似乎對應(yīng)于家庭生活的多元色彩，這也可能是當(dāng)年阿道夫·盧斯要在住宅中探索“空間規(guī)劃”的原因。這種在狹窄地段中的操作技巧，對于高密度的亞洲城市來說是非常有效的手段。尤其是對鄰居的照顧，展現(xiàn)了一種令人贊賞的溫和。令人有些意外的是外墻材料的選擇，看起來有些過于強硬，或許更多的植物可以改變這種印象。

卡拉·阿拉莫尼：由[Shift] Process Practice設(shè)計的這個住宅項目優(yōu)美地坐落于社區(qū)中，設(shè)計充分發(fā)掘了光線、視覺連接，以及室內(nèi)社交空間的潛能。通過巧妙運用不同樓層的截面，設(shè)計為每一個住宅單元提供了獨特的布局和空間感受。建筑師巧妙地將樓梯與建筑的北側(cè)外立面相結(jié)合，形成了一個社交空間和光井。通過使用當(dāng)?shù)匕瞪{(diào)的磚塊作為充滿變化的建筑表層，建筑體在各種鏤空的開放設(shè)計和側(cè)面視覺連接之間獲得了一種和諧統(tǒng)一的質(zhì)感。（錢芳 譯）

21 屋頂花園/Roof garden

22 立面近景/Close-up of fa?ade

Comments

QING Feng: The designer makes full use of floor height changes on a small lot.The crisscrossed floors create myriad spatial changes that are hard to read directly from the plan.The operable brick shades are quite unique, allowing for changes in light and rhythm.These rich details seem to correspond to the richness of family life, which might also be the reason why Adolf Loos explored the concept of "Raumplan" in the design of houses.Such design skills on narrow lots are very effective for high-density Asian cities.Particularly, the concern for adjacent neighbourhoods admirably shows gentleness.The material of the exterior fa?ades is somewhat surprising and looks a bit tough.Planting more plants might help change this impression.(Translated by MU Zhuo'er)

Carla Aramouny: The housing project by [Shift] Process Practice beautifully sits in its neighbourhood, as its design negotiates potentials of light, visual links, and internal social spaces.The design employs a sectional play of levels to give each of the individual housing units its unique layout and spatial experience.The northern fa?ade,instead of being left as a blank fa?ade, is designed instead to cleverly integrate a connective stairway that operates as a social space and light well.The architects' elegant use of dark-toned local brick as a shifting skin gives the housing block a harmonised quality with various moments of perforated openness and lateral visual connections.