瓦西特自然保護區(qū)游客中心，沙迦，阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國

建筑設(shè)計：X建筑師事務所

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

瓦西特自然保護區(qū)最初是一處廢水塘和垃圾堆。2005 年開始對受損的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進行恢復，清理了40,000m2的垃圾，重新種植了35,000 棵樹，去除了土地中的有毒化學物，并保護了獨特的鹽灘和海濱沙丘。作為沙迦環(huán)境與保護區(qū)管理局清理恢復波斯灣沿岸這條古老的濕地生態(tài)鏈更大規(guī)模行動的一部分，瓦西特濕地中心的目標是提供關(guān)于這一獨特環(huán)境的信息和教育，并鼓勵對它的保護。

在設(shè)計這座游客中心時，我們利用了地段的天然地形，通過讓建筑看上去沉入地下，使它的視覺沖擊降至最低。游客沿坡道會下到一個斜叉口，那是建筑的兩個線性要素相交的地方：一個在側(cè)面，是服務用房和管理辦公室；另一個在前方，是一道觀景長廊，兩邊是觀賞自然棲息地中鳥類的鳥場。在觀景廊的遠端是第三個線性要素，它呈垂直方向，里面是咖啡廳和可眺望遠方開闊濕地的多功能空間。經(jīng)過多年讓非候鳥回歸的努力，保護區(qū)里如今有350種鳥類在此安家，是33,000只候鳥的著陸區(qū)，也是沙迦城市的“呼吸之肺”。

觀景廊上的懸挑鋼桁架屋頂使它無需周圍的列柱，并形成了無縫的玻璃立面。室內(nèi)各處特意追求極簡效果，使全部注意力都集中到四周的大自然上去：說明展板是支撐中墻上唯一的裝飾。立面玻璃窗微微傾斜，以便為鳥類增強對景觀的反射，同時將對眺望的人群的反射降至最小。由于地面低于室外地坪，所以用一道連續(xù)的混凝土窗臺提供了讓人小坐并從鳥類的高度去觀察它們的地方。為了克服酷熱的沙漠氣候，屋頂有良好的隔熱，玻璃也通過懸挑來遮陽。鳥場上還提供了一些遮陽的織物。從屋頂上收集的雨水會通過精心布置，并有景觀元素偽裝的出水口分散到景觀中的特定區(qū)域。

6 座觀鳥屋散落在一處200,000m2場地中央的湖面周圍。它們雖然遵從統(tǒng)一的美學特征，但每個都按周邊的環(huán)境進行了單獨設(shè)計，并在施工時使用了部分回收木材和塑料，從而突出了生態(tài)特色的表達。

曾經(jīng)的垃圾堆放場如今已恢復了本土的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，并逐漸成為一個大受歡迎的讓游客欣賞和認識自然環(huán)境的地方?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view

3 剖面A-A/Section A-A

4 剖面B-B/Section B-B

Wasit Nature Reserve was originally a wastewater and rubbish dump.The rehabilitation process of the damaged eco-system started in 2005,40,000m2of rubbish removed, 35,000 trees been replanted, healing the land from toxic chemicals and conservation of the Unique salt flats and coastal sand dunes.Part of a much larger initiative by Sharjah's Environment and Protected Areas Agency to clean up and rehabilitate this ancient chain of wetlands along the Arabian Gulf coast, the Wasit Wetland Centre aims to offer information and education about this unique environment and to encourage preservation.

In designing the visitor centre, we took advantage of the site's natural topography to minimize its visual impact by making it appear submerged into the ground.Visitors descend a ramp to arrive at an angled intersection between two linear elements of the building: one, to the sides, containing services and administrative offices; the other, ahead, a long viewing gallery flanked by aviaries where birds can be seen in their natural habitat.At the far end of the viewing gallery, a third linear element, running perpendicular,houses a café and multipurpose space with views out over the open wetlands.After years of efforts to bring the non-migratory birds back to the site, WNR is now home to 350 species of birds, a landing zone for 33,000 migrate birds, and a breathing lung to Sharjah city.

A cantilevered steel truss roof over the viewing gallery avoids the need for peripheral columns,allowing seamless glazed fa?ades.The interior is deliberately minimalistic throughout, placing the full focus on the surrounding nature: informative displays are the only adornment on the supporting

6 剖面C-C：走廊細節(jié)/Section C-C: Gallery detail

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: EPAA, Environmental and Protected Area Authority

地點/Location: Wasit Wetland Centre, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

功能/Programme: 向公眾開放的游客中心/Visiting Centre,open to public

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Ahmed Al-Ali, Farid Esmaeil

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師/Structural Engineering: Eyad Zarafeh, X Architects

承包商/Contractor: Darwish Engineering Emirates, Sharjah,United Arab Emirates

主要材料/Principal Materials: 懸挑鋼桁架屋頂，玻璃幕墻/Cantilevered steel truss roof, glazed fa?ade

主要結(jié)構(gòu)/Principal Structure: Steel

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 2534m2

基地面積/Site Area: 200,000m2

造價/Cost: 7,600,000 USD

攝影/Photos: Nelson Garrido (fig.1,11,14), Fernando Guerra(fig.2,9,10,12,13,15,16)central wall.The fa?ade glazing is slightly tilted, to enhance reflections of the landscape for the birds while minimising reflections for people looking out.The floor being lower than the ground outside, a continuous concrete sill provides a place to sit and contemplate birds at their level.To counter the very hot desert climate, the roof is well insulated and the glass is shaded by its overhang.Some fabric shading is also provided over the aviaries.Rainwater harvested from the roof is discreetly directed to specific areas of the landscape via carefully placed spouts that are camouflaged by landscape elements.

Six bird hides scattered around a lake created in the middle of a 200,000m2site follow a unified aesthetic but are each individually designed for their context, and employ some recycled wood and plastic in their construction, reinforcing the ecological message.

What had become a waste dumping ground has had its indigenous ecosystem restored, and is proving a popular place for visitors to appreciate and learn about their natural environment.□

7 剖立面/Sectional elevation

8 鳥的種類/Bird types

9 鳥瞰/Aerial view

10 局部/Detailed view

11 鳥瞰/Aerial view

12-14 內(nèi)景/Interior views

評論

埃德姆·埃爾滕：X建筑事務所設(shè)計的瓦西特自然保護區(qū)游客中心部分掩埋在沙丘之中，場地原來是廢水排放地和垃圾場。游客中心的建成預示著人類在未來與地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)達成和解的可能性。項目將3個矩形的建筑體量并置，并使之恰當?shù)嘏c景觀環(huán)境融合。在修復后的濕地中，這樣一個看似簡單的設(shè)計傳達出一個強烈的信息：如果我們無法恢復已被我們摧毀的東西，至少我們可以把它重新建造出來。雖然僅憑建筑本身無法完成這件事，但游客中心項目向人們清晰地說明了建筑參與這個過程的角色與策略。（母卓爾 譯）

莊子玉：不論從選址的角度，空間形態(tài)的角度，結(jié)構(gòu)與材料的角度，項目的操作都無疑是極為謙遜的。建筑與場地的設(shè)計都始終圍繞著一個核心的敘事體系——從人工向自然的轉(zhuǎn)變與擁抱——不論是從廢棄的荒野到濕地公園的轉(zhuǎn)變，還是點狀散落的觀察站對環(huán)境極低的影響，還是游客中心匍匐的姿態(tài)，被拉長的線性軸線對景觀的融入，以及被動遮陽節(jié)能體系的選擇，都使得整個建筑充分地融入到了自然之中，并與之充分互動。與之相關(guān)的建筑流線和功能關(guān)聯(lián)下的空間亦顯得簡潔干練，而結(jié)構(gòu)和剖面的一系列巧妙處理亦將這種聯(lián)系與滲透的關(guān)系推向了一個新的高度。

Comments

Erdem Erten: Partially nested in the dunes of what was once a waste water and rubbish dump,the Wasit Visitor Centre by X Architects heralds the possibility of a future when humankind might reconcile with the planetary ecosystem.Juxtaposing three rectangular volumes and strategically adjusting them to the landscape, the seemingly simple design of the building against the healed wetland sends a strong message: if we cannot bring back what we destroyed we can build it anew.Although architecture alone is not capable of doing so, the centre clearly delineates a role and a strategy for architecture on how to partake in the effort.

ZHUANG Ziyu: The manipulation of the project is undoubtedly extremely humble, whether in terms of the choice of site, the spatial form, or the structure and materials.The design of the building and the site is centred around a core narrative - the transition from artificiality to nature.The project transforms an abandoned land into a wetland park, creating scattered observation stations so minimise environmental impact.The visitor centre takes a humble attitude, and its linear axis is well integrated with the landscape.Besides, the building adopts a passive shading system.All these approaches have allowed the building to be fully integrated with nature and fully interact with it.The circulation and programmes related with nature are also clear and concise.A series of skillful operations of the structure and sections have pushed the connection and integration to new heights.(Translated by MU Zhuo'er)

15.16 內(nèi)景/Interior views