瓦盧比利斯博物館，瓦盧比利斯，摩洛哥

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：OUALALOU + CHOI建筑事務(wù)所

聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)地上的考古博物館

該項(xiàng)目位于摩洛哥王國(guó)客流量最大的考古遺址內(nèi)，旨在增強(qiáng)這一獨(dú)特的聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺址的歷史和象征意義。該遺址是一個(gè)保存得出奇完好的古羅馬殖民小鎮(zhèn)的案例，也是摩洛哥幾處古跡遺址之一。由于附近地區(qū)很少有都市開(kāi)發(fā)，現(xiàn)今的遺址與羅馬人當(dāng)時(shí)所見(jiàn)十分相似。為了突出古遺跡在進(jìn)入現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)帶來(lái)的的戲劇性視覺(jué)沖擊，博物館的體量被嵌入山坡中，因此游客最初不會(huì)感覺(jué)到它的存在。該項(xiàng)目被構(gòu)想為過(guò)去領(lǐng)土邊界上的一個(gè)寬8m、長(zhǎng)200m 的狹窄烙印。該建筑由一系列沿著延伸的擋土墻的木質(zhì)體量組成，同時(shí)，這些體量被埋入地下或懸空，與起伏的地景遙相呼應(yīng)。該項(xiàng)目外觀上很像它所容納的廢墟，其構(gòu)造的技藝和材料的使用壽命成為了建筑物的最終消隱于遺址的內(nèi)在性策略。□（徐紫儀 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Ministry of Culture, Morocco

地點(diǎn)/Location: Archaeological site of Volubilis, Morocco

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Linna CHOI and Tarik OUALALOU

結(jié)構(gòu)及建造顧問(wèn)/Structural and Construction Consultants: TESCO

項(xiàng)目面積/Project Area: 4200m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2009-2010

施工時(shí)間/Construction Time: 2010-2011

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2011

攝影/Photos: Luc Boegly (fig.2,3,5,7,8), Elio Germani (fig.6,13-19)

1 總平面/Situation plan

2 外景/Exterior view

3 外景/Exterior view

Construction of an Archaeological Museum on a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Set within the most visited archaeological site in the Kingdom of Morocco, this project seeks to enhance the historical and symbolic significance of this unique UNESCO World Heritage site.The site is an exceptionally well-preserved example of an ancient Roman colonial town and one of several antique sites in Morocco.Due to the lack of urban development in the immediate surroundings, the site today closely resembles what the Romans saw in their time.In order to highlight the dramatic visual impact of the antique ruins upon entry to the site, the volume of the museum is embedded into the hillside so that visitors do not initially perceive its presence.The project is conceived as a narrow imprint on the perimeter of the ancient territory,eight metres wide by two hundred metres long.The building consists of a succession of wooden volumes along an extended retaining wall, simultaneously buried and suspended in relationship to the rolling landscape.The project behaves much like the ruins it houses, and the tectonics of its construction and the lifespan of its materials inherently propose a strategy for the building's eventual disappearance.□

4 立面/Elevation

5-8 外景/Exterior views

9.10 剖面/Sections

11 首層平面/Ground floor plan

12 二層平面/First floor plan

13 外景/Exterior view

評(píng)論

卡羅爾·穆克海伯：該項(xiàng)目是關(guān)于如何占據(jù)并改善一個(gè)文化和生態(tài)活躍場(chǎng)所的富有敏感度的案例。這些建筑位于歷史遺跡的邊緣，并作為古城墻的無(wú)形延伸。設(shè)計(jì)的第一步是一面傾斜的擋土墻，僅僅建在階梯狀地面的上方。該項(xiàng)目進(jìn)而在墻后以線性方式展開(kāi)，并被限制在一條非常狹窄的緊循著地形微妙波動(dòng)的占地面內(nèi)。該建筑被分為兩個(gè)主要體量，這些主體又通過(guò)形式和材質(zhì)的設(shè)計(jì)手法而被進(jìn)一步消解。木板條裝飾的表皮既可以使表面產(chǎn)生陰影效果，又可以加強(qiáng)體量的堅(jiān)固性。從某種意義上說(shuō)，該項(xiàng)目與遺址相呼應(yīng)并產(chǎn)生了對(duì)話，它們擁有著共同的特質(zhì)：留有開(kāi)采的痕跡、局部片段化并富有層次感。（徐紫儀 譯）

莊子玉：在對(duì)于著名歷史遺跡旁的新建項(xiàng)目而言，如何處理與歷史遺存的關(guān)聯(lián)，同時(shí)弱化潛在的沖突是一直以來(lái)此類項(xiàng)目的難點(diǎn)。

摩洛哥的瓦盧比利斯博物館的設(shè)計(jì)，將通常的塊狀體量拉長(zhǎng)，使自身消解在一個(gè)具有厚度的“墻體”關(guān)系之中。同時(shí)這個(gè)看似消隱的線性的形態(tài)，反而從一個(gè)邊界關(guān)系上強(qiáng)化了與場(chǎng)地內(nèi)古城遺址的對(duì)話與洞察。

然而項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃的整體策略并沒(méi)有在建筑空間層面得到很好的執(zhí)行：建筑內(nèi)拉長(zhǎng)的線性觀景界面并沒(méi)有和地塊產(chǎn)生過(guò)多的視線對(duì)話；格柵的質(zhì)感與肌理也并沒(méi)有反應(yīng)太多與地塊文脈的關(guān)聯(lián)性；作為設(shè)計(jì)母題的墻體也與其前端的功能體塊呈分離狀，兩者并沒(méi)有在“墻體”的“厚度”與地景化的豎向標(biāo)高層面創(chuàng)造出更多的空間變化和起承轉(zhuǎn)合；同時(shí)即使作為最終設(shè)計(jì)目的“完全消隱”也很難在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的長(zhǎng)期視覺(jué)關(guān)系中得到實(shí)現(xiàn)。這些都不免成為項(xiàng)目的些許遺憾。

14 內(nèi)景/Interior view

15.16 局部/Detailed views

Comments

Carol Moukheiber: The project is a sensitive example of how to occupy and enhance a culturally and ecologically active site.The structures sit on the edge of the historic site, and act as invisible extensions of the ancient city wall.The first move is an angled retaining wall that barely registers above the terraced ground.The project then unfolds linearly behind the wall, constrained within a very narrow footprint that intimately follows the topography's subtle undulations.The building is divided across two main volumes that in turn further dissolve through formal and material strategies.The wood slat wrapper offers both surface shading and a sublimation of the volumes' solidity.In a way, the project echoes and communicates with the qualities of the ruins: excavated, partial, and layered.

ZHUANG Ziyu: In a new project next to a historic heritage, it is alwaysvery tricky to handle the relationship between the building and the heritage and to minimise their potential conflicts.

In the Volubilis Museum project in Morocco, the architect transforms the regular volume of the museum into a thick wall.Delineating the boundaries,the seemingly linear shape in turn enhances the dialogue with the ruins of the old town.

However, the overall planning strategy is not well implemented at the level of architectural space.The extended linear viewing space lacks visual interaction with the heritage site.The texture of the grills is not much related with the site context.The wall, which is a design motif, is separated from the programmes at the front of the volume, and thus fails to create more spatial changes through its "thickness" on the landscape.Also, it is hardly possible to achieve the design goal of "total disappearance" in the predictable long-term visual relations.Regrettably, these are some flaws of the project.(Translated by MU Zhuo'er)

17-19 局部/Detailed views