美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)校教學(xué)及職工宿舍樓，貝魯特，黎巴嫩

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：MARIAGROUP建筑事務(wù)所

在贏得美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)校原址的新教學(xué)樓設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽之后，MARIAGROUP 接受委托，在當(dāng)前環(huán)境和未來(lái)總體規(guī)劃的背景下，設(shè)計(jì)新的教學(xué)樓。

學(xué)校的建筑用地位于尼日利亞街，處在兩個(gè)既有住宅建筑之間。新樓兼具教職工宿舍和教學(xué)樓的功能。

項(xiàng)目為重新思考校園與城市的關(guān)系、生活與學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)系提供了機(jī)會(huì)，也為在同一建筑中兼顧這兩個(gè)功能帶來(lái)了挑戰(zhàn)。設(shè)計(jì)不僅要求新建筑具備自身所需的多種功能，還要為分散在道路兩旁迥然不同的學(xué)校既有建筑提供連接。

這棟建筑挑戰(zhàn)了這些矛盾，通過(guò)將外立面整合為同一種連續(xù)的元素——一系列包裹在整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)之外的豎向百葉窗，只在兩個(gè)位置斷開(kāi)——一處是在頂部角落展露其上部結(jié)構(gòu)的住宅屬性；另一處則延伸到整個(gè)首層的占地空間，為連接兩棟建筑的大庭院走廊提供遮蔽。

教學(xué)樓區(qū)共有4 層及一層地下室，裙房首層通過(guò)百葉窗的遮蔽而與大街和周圍環(huán)境分隔開(kāi)。交通空間和露天教學(xué)空間位于建筑的周邊，學(xué)生的流動(dòng)和活動(dòng)賦予外立面活力。

教學(xué)中心裙房的頂層是公共學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)域和綠化操場(chǎng)，是完全對(duì)城市開(kāi)放的，也為教學(xué)裙房和住宅塔樓之間提供了一種視覺(jué)上的過(guò)渡。

因此，外立面成為這些雙重關(guān)系的整合器：城市與校園，生活與學(xué)習(xí)，都包裹在一個(gè)單一而通透的外殼之中，回應(yīng)了這所學(xué)校開(kāi)放的教學(xué)理念?！酰ㄍ跣佬?譯）

1 總平面/Location plan

2 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

After winning the competition for the design of the new faculty building on the grounds of the American Community School, MARIAGROUP was commissioned to design the new building in its current context as well as in the context of the future master plan.

Located on Nigeria Street, the building lot sits between 2 existing residential structures.The new Faculty Building serves as both residences for faculty members and classrooms for students.

The project offers an opportunity to rethink the relationship between campus and city, living and learning, and the challenge of designing for both in a single structure.The new building needs to serve not only its own mixed programme, but also to act as a connection between the disparate existing buildings of the school, that are spread on several plots across a street.

The building challenges these dichotomies by the articulation of the fa?ade as a single continuous element, a series of vertical louvres that wrap around the entire structure, only stopping twice; once to reveal on one top corner the residential nature of the upper section, and once extending over the entire footprint of the plot on the Ground Floor, to shelter a large courtyard passage that links the two existing buildings.

The academic block extends over 4 storeys and a basement, creating a podium base that is sheltered from the street and surroundings by the louvres.The circulation spaces and open areas of learning are situated along the perimeter, enlivening the fa?ade with the student flow and movement.

The top of the learning-centre-podium houses common learning areas and landscaped playgrounds,completely open to the city, and creating a visual shift from the academic base towards the residential tower.

Thus the fa?ade becomes the articulator of these dual relationships: City and campus, living and learning, all wrapped in a single porous shell that echoes the open philosophy of learning of the school.□

3.4 外景/Exterior views

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: American Community School

地點(diǎn)/Location: Nigeria Street, ACS Campus, Beirut,Lebanon

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Principal Architects: MARIAGROUP

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Chief Landscape Designers: MARIAGROUP

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Michèle Chaya, Georges Maria,Maya Moussallem, Sarah El Khoury, Liliane Nehmé, Waref Sleiman

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Design: Bureau d'Etude Rodolphe Mattar

機(jī)電及給排水顧問(wèn)/MEP Consultants: Wissam Tawil &Associates

材料/Materials: 混凝土百葉，火山巖地磚，涂料/Concrete louvers, lava stone floor tiles, render paint.

項(xiàng)目面積/Project Area: 4665m2, 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層面積/Typical Floor Area: 280m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2010-2011

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2015

攝影/Photos: Ieva Saudergaité

10 南立面/South elevation

11 外景/Exterior view

12.13 走廊/Corridors

14 外景/Exterior view

評(píng)論

伯凱·帕辛：MARIAGROUP為美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)校設(shè)計(jì)的建筑可以被看作是一次有環(huán)境意識(shí)的粗野主義建筑方法的探索，具體表現(xiàn)就是立面上垂直條紋的巧妙運(yùn)用。這些條紋不僅可以作為遮光板使用，而且還為建筑本身增添了獨(dú)特的個(gè)性，并與水平設(shè)置的陽(yáng)臺(tái)形成對(duì)比。最下面4層的獨(dú)立組合形成了一個(gè)半開(kāi)放的適合人們活動(dòng)的空間，也使這座高大的建筑在高密度的貝魯特街區(qū)內(nèi)顯得更為柔和。這些空間也給人一種印象，仿佛它們不是一個(gè)高層建筑的一部分，而是屬于一座兩層房屋。（錢(qián)芳 譯）

魯塔·萊塔奈特：學(xué)校作為公共（文化、教育）建筑的一種，通常是一個(gè)城市里的視覺(jué)地標(biāo)建筑。但這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)理念卻是把它融入到周圍密集的城市建筑環(huán)境之中，賦予了它普普通通的住宅樓的形象。

雖然這是一個(gè)綜合功能樓，但建筑的兩種不同功能的組合并不混雜：彼此的分隔非常清晰。上面10層作為普通的住宅公寓使用，擁有各自的陽(yáng)臺(tái)。下面4層是學(xué)?？臻g，一個(gè)半露天的樓層把這兩部分區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，同時(shí)也成為一個(gè)公共學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)域和綠色空間。如果真的象項(xiàng)目描述里所說(shuō)的，這里是完全對(duì)外開(kāi)放的，市民也確實(shí)在使用，那么這部分空間就可以把建筑融入到整個(gè)城市的公共領(lǐng)域，并且成為教育和居住功能相互滲透的點(diǎn)。（錢(qián)芳 譯）

Comments

Burkay Pasin: MARIAGROUP's architecture for the American Community School can be considered a search for a context-conscious brutalist approach through the sensitive use of vertical stripes on the fa?ade.These stripes do not only function as sun breakers but also assign a distinctive identity to the building, creating a contrast with the horizontal bands of balconies.Fragmented articulation of the first four floors, enables the formation of semi-public spaces at human scale; softening the massive look of the building within the dense neighbourhood pattern of Beirut.These spaces are internally perceived as if they are not part of a high-rise structure but of a two-storey house.

Rūta Leitanait?: Usually a school, as other public(cultural, educational) buildings, is a visual landmark in a city.The architectural concept of this project merges it into a dense urban surroundings, giving the building the image of a neighbouring residential towers.

Though it is called a mix-programme building,the combination of the two different functions is not heterogeneous: two clearly monofunctional parts are on top o f each other.The upper residential part offers 10 floors of regular quality apartments with private balconies.The school, located in lower 4 floors, is separated from the residential part by a semi-open-air floor working as a hub of common learning spaces and a green public space.If it is really open and accessible for everyone, as stated in the project description, and if the citizens are using it, then it could work as a magnet that weaves the building into the public realm of the city and, probably, an osmosis spot for educational and residential functions.

15 外景/Exterior view

16 日常景象/Daily activities