點擊科學(xué)
2020-03-17 09:22:52
中國科技教育 2020年1期
2019-11-29
封面圖展示的是來自1只小鼠大腦的神經(jīng)細胞，這些細胞在這個體量中密集地重建。1個世紀以來，大腦皮層的神經(jīng)元重建僅在約1/1000的神經(jīng)細胞（圖中黑色部分）中顯現(xiàn)出來。如今，研究人員可以使用3D電子顯微鏡，以及基于人工智能的圖像分析重建所有這些細胞（圖中灰色部分）。如此一來，就會對大腦回路的形成模式，以及在神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中可能出現(xiàn)的學(xué)習印記產(chǎn)生深刻的見解。
Nerve cells from the mouse brain， densely reconstructed in this volume. For a century，neuron reconstruction in the cerebral cortex showed only～lin 1000 nerve cells （black）; now researchers can use 3D electron microscopy and AI-based image analysis
to
reconstruct all of them （gray）. The connectivity matrix between thousands of axons and dendrites can be measured， yielding insights about the formational patterns of brain circuits and possible imprints of learning in the neuronal network.
2019-12-06
封面圖展示的是在基拉韋厄火山頂峰，哈雷茂茂火山口熔巖湖的火光在夜色中形成了一片煙羽。在2018年，利用衛(wèi)星和地面監(jiān)測等手段，科學(xué)家對峰頂火山噴發(fā)和火山噴口崩塌進行了監(jiān)測。這些觀測結(jié)果對長達幾個月的火山噴發(fā)的實時危害評估及應(yīng)對具有重要意義。
The Haiema umau crater lava lake illuminates a plume within Ki laueas volcanic summit.The 2018 volcanic eruption and caldera collapse event at the summit were monitored using satellite and ground-based methods. The observations were important for real-time hazard assessment and response during the several-month-long eruption.
2019-12-13
在海洋發(fā)展史中，巨人癥進化了很多次，特別是在濾食性生物中。對于須鯨類來說，例如封面圖上的這頭座頭鯨，就代表了巨型濾食性動物的最新進化成果，也是有史以來最大的動物之一。研究人員可以通過對其進食表現(xiàn)，以及獵物質(zhì)量的直接測量，確定在體型極大的情況下，鯨魚所面臨的活力驅(qū)動因素及限制等。
Gigantism evolved multiple times in the oceans， especially among filter-feeding organisms.Baleen whales， such as this humpback whale， represent the most recent radiation of gigantic filter feeders and rank among the largest animals ever. Researchersused direct measures of feeding performance and prey quality to determine the energetic drivers and limits that whales encounter at extremely large body sizes.
2019-12-20
封面圖展示的是在《科學(xué)》雜志2019年的年度突破中，視界望遠鏡拍攝到的超熱物質(zhì)環(huán)繞在M87星系超重黑洞周圍。在這張圖中我們可以看到，來自于一個假想的周邊行星上發(fā)出的發(fā)光光環(huán)勾勒出了它的輪廓。從它的極點噴射出熾熱的氣體和輻射，而它巨大的引力將背景上的恒星拉伸成所謂的愛因斯坦環(huán)。該項目的科學(xué)家Dimitrios Psaltis對這幅插圖提出了一些建議。
In Sciences 2019 Breakthrough of the Year， the Event Horizon Telescope （EHT）imaged superheated matter ringing the supermassive black hole in the galaxy M87. Here it is seen，outlined by the glowing ring，from an imaginary nearby planet.Hot gas and radiation jet from its pole， and its titanic gravity stretches background stars into so-called Einstein rings. Dimitrios Psaltis， EHT project scientist，advised on the iLlustration.
（陶陶 編譯）
