• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Clinical study on Jin’s three-needle therapy for post-stroke cognitive impairment

    2020-02-28 08:46:08YaoRui姚睿GongZunke鞏尊科

    Yao Rui (姚睿), Gong Zun-ke (鞏尊科),2

    1 Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 221000, China

    2 Department of Rehabilitation Science of Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu 221000, China

    Abstract

    Keywords: Acupuncture Therapy; Jin’s Three-needle; Scalp Stimulation Areas; Post-stroke Syndrome; Cognitive Dysfunction;Neuropsychological Scale; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Event-related Potential, P300

    Stroke is a major cause of adult death in China and approximately 30% of the stroke survivors have long-term neurological deficit[1].Among the factors that limit the functional recovery of patients after stroke,cognitive impairment is the most unfavorable one.According to statistics, the incidence of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is as high as 40%-70%[2],and about 1/3 of PSCI patients will develop dementia[3].

    According to literature review, acupuncture can significantly improve cognitive impairment in stroke patients[4].Jin’s three-needle therapy is a branch in the development of modern acupuncture.Modern research has suggested that Jin’s three-needle therapy is effective for PSCI[5], but there are few clinical studies on its physiological mechanism.In this study,neuropsychological scales and potential 300 (P300)event-related potential (ERP) were used as evaluation items to observe the clinical efficacy of Jin’s threeneedle therapy for PSCI and associated neuroelectrophysiology and to further explore the mechanism of Jin’s three-needle therapy in treating PSCI.

    1 Clinical Materials

    1.1 Diagnostic criteria

    1.1.1 Diagnostic criteria in Western medicine

    According to the specific diagnostic criteria of PSCI proposed inExpert Consensus on Management of PSCI[6], post-stroke dementia (PSD) diagnostic criteria:based on baseline cognitive impairment; ≥1 cognitive domain; the severity affected the activities of daily living (ADL).

    Diagnostic criteria of post-stroke cognitive impairment no dementia (PSCIND): based on the assumption of baseline cognitive impairment; at least one cognitive domain is damaged; the instrumental ADL can be normal or slightly damaged.

    The above two types of diagnostic criteria should meet the corresponding three requirements and at least 4 cognitive domains (executive function/attention,memory, language and visuospatial ability) should be evaluated.Impairment of ADL should be independent of motor/sensory impairment of secondary vascular events.

    1.1.2 Diagnostic criteria in Chinese medicine

    Score according to theSyndrome Differentiation Standard of Vascular Dementia(SDSVD) inCriteria for the Diagnosis, the Differentiation of Syndrome and the Evaluation of Efficacy of Vascular Dementia for Research Studies[7].

    Score explanation: The score of each syndrome was the highest score of each factor for diagnosis of this syndrome, and the total score was 30.

    Syndrome diagnosis explanation: Syndrome diagnosis score ≥7 points meant that the syndrome diagnosis was correct.

    1.2 Inclusion criteria

    Those who met the above diagnostic criteria; those personally or the legal guardian agreed and signed the informed consent; confirmed by CT scan or MRI examination after hospitalization; confirmed by minimental state examination (MMSE), illiteracy group<19 points, the primary school (education period≤6 years) <22 points, the middle school or above(education period >6 years) group <26 points; the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score<23 points; the first stroke, course ≤6 months; age≥45 but ≤75 years old; no gender limitation; those having a clear consciousness, stable vital signs and condition.

    1.3 Exclusion criteria

    Those who suffered from cognitive impairment due to other reasons (frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, brain trauma, Parkinson's disease,hypothyroidism, brain tumors, brain parasites, etc.)before the onset of stroke, as confirmed by previous medical records, clinicians or family members; those with depression, delirium, consciousness or mental disorder; those with a history of alcohol and drug abuse;patients with severe heart, liver, kidney, endocrine and hematopoietic system diseases; patients who were participating in other trials that may affect the evaluation of the results of this study; patients with severe visual, auditory or speech disorders that cannot cooperate with the assessment and test; those who cannot tolerate or accept acupuncture and manipulation (including pregnant women); those with scar, tumor, severe infection, ulcer or trauma on the scalp, or without skull repair after osteotomy.

    1.4 Statistical methods

    The SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (±s) and checked byt-test.The counting data were checked by Chi-square test.Pearson analysis was used for correlation analysis.TheP-value of less than 0.05 meant a statistical significant difference.

    1.5 General data

    Sixty PSCI inpatients in the Department of Rehabilitation Science of Xuzhou Central Hospital were selected between December 2017 and December 2018.According to the method of random number table, they were divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group.There were no significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups (allP>0.05), indicating that the two groups were comparable (Table 1).

    Table 1.Comparison of general data between the two groups

    2 Therapeutic Methods

    2.1 Treatment group

    2.1.1 Routine treatment

    After hospitalization, according to the results of clinical examination, referring toGuidelines for Primary Prevention of Cerebrovascular Diseases(2015, China)[8]andGuidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients with Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack(2014 AHA/ASA edition)[9], the patients received the basic treatment for internal diseases, including hypertension,hyperlipidemia, poor circulation, malnourishment,nerve problems, etc.The routine rehabilitation training was based on theGuidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation Treatment in China(2011 full version)[10].The same rehabilitation team was responsible for the rehabilitation plan according to the patients' functional status.These included normal limb position, sports function training, occupational therapy training, speech training and cognitive training.

    2.1.2 Jin’s three-needle therapy

    Major acupoints: Three temporal points (Figure 1),four spiritual points (Figure 2), three cerebral points(Figure 3) and three intelligent points (Figure 4).

    Routine combination of acupoints: Three arm points(Figure 5) and three leg points (Figure 6).

    Figure 1.Three temporal points

    Figure 2.Four spiritual points

    Figure 3.Three cerebral points

    Figure 4.Three intelligent points

    Figure 5.Three arm points

    Figure 6.Three leg points

    Combination of acupoints based on pattern differentiation: Added Shenshu (BL 23) and Sanyinjiao(SP 6) for kidney essence deficiency; Qihai (CV 6) and Geshu (BL 17) for deficiency of qi and blood; Fenglong(ST 40) and Zhongwan (CV 12) for turbid phlegm obstructing orifices; Geshu (BL 17) and Weizhong (BL 40)for blood stasis obstructing meridians; and three tongue points for speech difficulties.

    Methods: The acupoint locations and operations were all in accordance with theMethods for Acupoint Combination of Jin's Three-needle[11].

    Course of treatment: The patients were treated once a day, six days a week and one day off, four weeks as a course of treatment.The curative efficacy was observed after one course of treatment.

    2.2 Control group

    The patients in the control group received the same routine treatment as the treatment group alone.

    3 Observation of Therapeutic Effects

    3.1 Observed items

    Before and after the treatment, the patients in both groups received MMSE, MoCA and auditory P300 detections.The scores of the two scales and the measurement of auditory P300 were performed by the same experienced rehabilitation physician.

    3.1.1 Score of MMSE[12]

    MMSE mainly involves the fields of timing and orientation, executive function, short-term and delayed memory, calculation, language expression and attention.There are 30 questions in total, 1 point for correct answer, 0 point for wrong answer or no answer, and the total score is 30 points.The higher the total score, the better the overall cognitive function of the patient.

    3.1.2 Score of MoCA[13]

    MoCA involves 7 items and 11 aspects, which can be divided into visual space and executive function,naming, memory, attention, language, abstract thinking,delayed memory and orientation.The total score is the sum of all scores.If the number of years of education≤12 years, 1 point will be added and the total score is 30 points.The higher the total score, the better the overall cognitive function of the patient.

    3.1.3 Auditory P300 potential detection

    The Oddball program of electromyography (EMG)-evoked potential (EP) equipment was used to record the latency and amplitude of P300.The electrodes were placed at CZ point, and the target stimulation of high frequency (2 000 Hz) and 25% low probability was given.The stimulation intensity was 80 dB, the filtering bandwidth was 1-50 Hz, and the superposition was 50 times[14].Repeated the test twice for each test and took the average value.

    3.2 Results

    3.2.1 Comparison of MMSE score Before treatment, there was no significant betweengroup difference in the MMSE score (P>0.05).After treatment, the scores were significantly improved in both groups (bothP<0.05).The score of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Check Table 2 for details.

    Table 2.Comparison of MMSE score between the two groups(±s, point)

    Table 2.Comparison of MMSE score between the two groups(±s, point)

    Group n Before treatment After treatment t-value P-value Treatment 30 13.63±5.00 21.67±6.32 -18.676 0.000 Control 30 13.43±4.78 18.13±5.74 -11.160 0.000 t-value 0.158 2.268 P-value 0.875 0.027

    3.2.2 Comparison of MoCA score

    Before treatment, there was no significant betweengroup difference in MoCA score (P>0.05).After treatment, the scores were significantly improved in both groups (bothP<0.05).The score of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Check Table 3 for details.

    Table 3.Comparison of MoCA score between the two groups(±s, point)

    Table 3.Comparison of MoCA score between the two groups(±s, point)

    Group n Before treatment After treatment t-value P-value Treatment 30 10.10±5.32 17.87±7.35 -16.144 0.000 Control 30 10.13±5.13 13.73±6.63 -7.272 0.000 t-value -0.025 2.286 P-value 0.980 0.026

    3.2.3 P300 latency and amplitude

    Before treatment, there was no between-group statistical difference in P300 latency (P>0.05).After treatment, the latencies of P300 were significantly decreased in both groups (bothP<0.05).The latency of the treatment group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05).Check Table 4 for details.

    Table 4.Comparison of P300 latency (±s, ms)

    Table 4.Comparison of P300 latency (±s, ms)

    Group n Before treatment After treatment t-value P-value Treatment 30 363.08±22.59 324.95±25.84 12.328 0.000 Control 30 362.72±21.90 346.10±31.54 6.484 0.000 t-value 0.063 -2.841 P-value 0.950 0.006

    Before treatment, there was no significant betweengroup difference in P300 amplitude (P>0.05).After treatment, the amplitudes of P300 were significantly increased in both groups (bothP<0.05).The amplitude of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Check Table 5 for details.

    Table 5.Comparison of P300 amplitude (±s, μV)

    Table 5.Comparison of P300 amplitude (±s, μV)

    Group n Before treatment After treatment t-value P-value Treatment 30 5.12±3.06 10.65±3.20 -8.553 0.000 Control 30 4.53±1.61 9.02±1.97 -11.754 0.000 t-value 0.928 2.374 P-value 0.358 0.022

    3.2.4 Correlation between MMSE and MoCA scores and P300

    By correlation analysis, MMSE, MoCA scores and P300 latency have significant negative correlation (r<0,P<0.05).However, MMSE and MoCA scores have no significant correlation with P300 amplitude (P>0.05).Check Table 6 for details.

    Table 6.Analysis of correlation between MMSE, MoCA scores and P300 before treatment (n=60)

    4 Discussion

    PSCI has a high incidence and can seriously affect the patients’ social adaptability, ADL and quality of life.In addition, PSCI patients generally have problems such as inattention, clumsiness, poor understanding,forgetfulness, emotional volatility, and lack of patience.Patients often fail to cooperate well with limb function training, which may delay the rehabilitation process and impair the comprehensive rehabilitation of other dysfunctions.Therefore, it is of important clinical significance to early diagnose, early treat and delay the development of PSCI.

    At present, PSCI is mainly treated with Western medicine; however, these medications are expensive and may cause adverse reactions[15].Therefore, it is urgent to find a simple, effective and low-cost optimal rehabilitation scheme for PSCI[16].Acupuncture is a therapy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of stroke.Since it can also benefit PSCI without causing adverse reactions,it has become a popular research point in recent years.

    PSCI belongs to mental problems in traditional Chinese medicine, belonging to the same category as dementia, amnesia and depression.It is located in the brain, but closely associated with the kidney, heart, liver and spleen.The basic pathogenesis of this condition is brain marrow failing to nourish the mind.The pathological nature can be summarized as deficiency in root cause (deficiency of kidney essence, qi and blood)but excess in clinical manifestations (stagnation of qi,fire and phlegm).As a result, the treatment strategies should be to supplement marrow, refresh the mind,resolve phlegm, calm the liver, reduce fire, and circulate blood.

    Jin’s three-needle therapy, created by Professor Jin Rui at the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, is a representative of Lingnan School of acupuncture.This method is simple, practical and easy to learn.

    The major acupoints in this study are three temporal points, four spiritual points, three cerebral points and three intelligent points.The three temporal points are located in the temporal region with dense bone structures and abundant nerves and blood vessels.They are the distribution areas of the Triple Energizer and Gallbladder Meridians: the first treatment option for stroke and its sequelae[17].The selected points include Shuaigu (GB 8) and Jiaosun (TE 20) as the first point of three temporal points, Xuanli (GB 6) and Qubin (GB 7)as the second points of three temporal points, and Tianchong (GB 9) as the third point of three temporal points.The three points of the Gallbladder Meridian are crossing points of the Bladder and Gallbladder Meridians.Jiaosun (TE 20) is a crossing point of the Triple Energizer and Gallbladder Meridians.The point Xuanli (GB 6) is a crossing point of the Triple Energizer,Gallbladder and Stomach meridians.Therefore,needling the three temporal points can unblock the qi of Liver and Gallbladder Meridians and help with the recovery of stroke sequelae[17].The three intelligent points are Shenting (GV 24) and bilateral Benshen(GB 13).The point Shenting (GV 24) is a crossing point of Governor Vessel and Bladder Meridian, the residence of spirit.The point Benshen (GB 13) is a crossing point of Governor Vessel and Yang Link Vessel, the root of vital spirit.These acupoints are located in the projection area of the frontal lobe of the brain, which is closely related to intelligence, and can strengthen the brain and improve intelligence.The four spiritual points are developed from Sishencong (EX-HN 1), which has the function of regulating original spirit and ascending yang qi.The first spiritual point is Qianding (GV 21) and the second spiritual point is Houding (GV 19).The third and forth spiritual points are located on the pathway of Bladder Meridian.Both Governor Vessel and Bladder Meridian enter the brain.Therefore, needling this group of acupoints can stimulate the brain in a large area and regulate the spirit and refresh the mind.The three cerebral points consist of Naohu (GV 17) and bilateral Naokong (GB 19): two points that contain the word‘brain’ in Chinese.The point Naokong (GV 17) means the orifice of the brain, while the point Naohu (GB 19)means the gate to the brain.The combination of the two can regulate and refresh the mind.

    The combination of these four groups can regulate spirit, benefit marrow, and refresh the mind[18].The three arm points consist of Hegu (LI 4), Quchi (LI 11) and Waiguan (TE 5).The three leg points consist of Zusanli(ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taichong (LR 3).The three tongue points consist of Lianquan (CV 23), along with the other two points: 0.8 cun bilateral to Lianquan(CV 23).

    In order to further explore the clinical effect of Jin’s three-needle therapy on PSCI and its influence on neuroelectrophysiology, MMSE and MoCA cognitive function screening scales and P300 were used as evaluation items to observe its effect and mechanism.The results have shown that after 4 weeks of treatment,the MMSE and MoCA scores, and P300 amplitude were increased, and P300 latency was shorter, indicating that cognitive function of both groups was improved after treatment.The improvement of the treatment group was more noticeable than that of the control group,indicating that Jin’s three-needle therapy had a definite effect on PSCI.The action mechanism is probably through its regulation on the neuroelectrophysiology.Moreover, the scores of MMSE and MoCA were negatively correlated with P300 latency, but not with P300 amplitude, which indicated that P300 was correlated with MMSE and MoCA, and P300 latency could objectively reflect the cognitive function of patients to a certain extent.P300 amplitude showed no specificity in cognitive function.P300 combined with MMSE and MoCA could evaluate the cognitive impairment of stroke patients more timely, objectively and comprehensively.

    Jin’s three-needle therapy is often adopted to treat encephalopathy.The results of this study have suggested that Jin’s three-needle therapy can improve the cognitive function of PSCI patients and improve P300 latency and amplitude.The mechanism is probably associated with its effect in improving the hemorheological state of the brain[19], counteracting free radical injury, protecting nerve cells, preventing apoptosis, and regulating the neuroelectric activity of the brain[20].These hypothetic mechanisms are in line with Jin’s three-needle's functions of refreshing the mind, opening orifices, regulating the spirit and supplementing marrow.

    To sum up, Jin’s three-needle therapy plus routine treatment can improve the cognitive impairment in patients after stroke by regulating their neuroelectrophysiology.Combined with modern rehabilitation, Jin’s three-needle therapy is an effective therapy for PSCI.Considering the tolerance of points, a better therapeutic effect can be achieved by using Jin’s three-needle alternately with acupuncture methods such as awaking brain and opening orifices, scalp acupuncture, and unblocking the Governor Vessel and regulating the spirit.

    99热网站在线观看| 国产免费视频播放在线视频| 精品少妇一区二区三区视频日本电影| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 亚洲精品日韩在线中文字幕| 亚洲精品在线美女| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 久9热在线精品视频| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 人妻一区二区av| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 成人三级做爰电影| 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| av不卡在线播放| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| xxxhd国产人妻xxx| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 国产成人a∨麻豆精品| 国产高清国产精品国产三级| 黄片播放在线免费| 中文字幕高清在线视频| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 国产精品自产拍在线观看55亚洲 | 免费高清在线观看日韩| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 91精品伊人久久大香线蕉| 高清在线国产一区| 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 国产成人欧美| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 亚洲欧美成人综合另类久久久| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| www.自偷自拍.com| 亚洲 欧美一区二区三区| 精品久久久久久电影网| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 精品国产乱子伦一区二区三区 | 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 丁香六月天网| 9191精品国产免费久久| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 正在播放国产对白刺激| 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| 国产深夜福利视频在线观看| 国产精品熟女久久久久浪| 欧美少妇被猛烈插入视频| 国产一区二区在线观看av| 性高湖久久久久久久久免费观看| 成年av动漫网址| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 国产精品一区二区免费欧美 | 三级毛片av免费| 成在线人永久免费视频| 十八禁网站免费在线| av天堂在线播放| 婷婷成人精品国产| 国产一区二区 视频在线| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 久久久久久久久久久久大奶| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 少妇被粗大的猛进出69影院| 中文字幕制服av| 国产在视频线精品| 日本av手机在线免费观看| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 大型av网站在线播放| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 一本一本久久a久久精品综合妖精| 日韩制服丝袜自拍偷拍| 中文字幕精品免费在线观看视频| 亚洲国产精品一区三区| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 亚洲 国产 在线| 精品少妇一区二区三区视频日本电影| 无限看片的www在线观看| 青春草亚洲视频在线观看| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| 国产一区二区在线观看av| 超色免费av| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| www.自偷自拍.com| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 国产成人免费观看mmmm| 亚洲精品日韩在线中文字幕| 国产av精品麻豆| 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看| 国产精品麻豆人妻色哟哟久久| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一出视频| 午夜免费鲁丝| 久久久国产一区二区| 国产成人av教育| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 精品第一国产精品| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 大香蕉久久网| 国产成人系列免费观看| 亚洲va日本ⅴa欧美va伊人久久 | 精品一品国产午夜福利视频| 老司机亚洲免费影院| 亚洲av男天堂| 欧美午夜高清在线| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 国产一区二区 视频在线| 热99re8久久精品国产| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| 黄色视频不卡| av在线老鸭窝| 亚洲伊人色综图| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 50天的宝宝边吃奶边哭怎么回事| bbb黄色大片| 亚洲视频免费观看视频| 丝袜喷水一区| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| av天堂在线播放| 啦啦啦视频在线资源免费观看| 在线av久久热| 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| 国产有黄有色有爽视频| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 成人影院久久| 国产国语露脸激情在线看| 日韩三级视频一区二区三区| 嫩草影视91久久| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 成人三级做爰电影| 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 捣出白浆h1v1| avwww免费| 国产av一区二区精品久久| 国产亚洲av片在线观看秒播厂| 亚洲国产欧美网| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 最黄视频免费看| 国产免费现黄频在线看| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 性色av一级| 国产成+人综合+亚洲专区| 日本av手机在线免费观看| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 一区二区av电影网| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| 99国产精品免费福利视频| 一个人免费看片子| 天天躁日日躁夜夜躁夜夜| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 欧美日韩福利视频一区二区| 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频| 亚洲少妇的诱惑av| 超碰成人久久| 最近最新免费中文字幕在线| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 在线永久观看黄色视频| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 中文字幕最新亚洲高清| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 大型av网站在线播放| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 久久精品人人爽人人爽视色| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| a级毛片黄视频| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 欧美 日韩 精品 国产| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| xxxhd国产人妻xxx| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 日本av免费视频播放| 日本av手机在线免费观看| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码| 桃花免费在线播放| 18禁裸乳无遮挡动漫免费视频| 久久久久国内视频| 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 精品视频人人做人人爽| 国产精品麻豆人妻色哟哟久久| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 久久久久久人人人人人| 在线观看www视频免费| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 国产99久久九九免费精品| 国产精品欧美亚洲77777| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 亚洲欧美成人综合另类久久久| 国产成人av教育| 男人操女人黄网站| 香蕉丝袜av| 宅男免费午夜| 国产又爽黄色视频| 精品一区二区三卡| 亚洲精品一区蜜桃| 丝袜在线中文字幕| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| www日本在线高清视频| netflix在线观看网站| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 国产在视频线精品| 色老头精品视频在线观看| 国产精品熟女久久久久浪| 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 在线观看免费午夜福利视频| 纵有疾风起免费观看全集完整版| 满18在线观看网站| videosex国产| 精品免费久久久久久久清纯 | 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| 久久久久久人人人人人| 男人添女人高潮全过程视频| 欧美午夜高清在线| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区 | 老熟妇乱子伦视频在线观看 | 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 999久久久国产精品视频| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 国产福利在线免费观看视频| tocl精华| 国产激情久久老熟女| 制服人妻中文乱码| 99久久综合免费| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 午夜影院在线不卡| 两个人免费观看高清视频| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 国产精品久久久久久人妻精品电影 | 性色av一级| 国产主播在线观看一区二区| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 成年人黄色毛片网站| 最黄视频免费看| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 国产在视频线精品| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠躁躁| 日韩视频在线欧美| 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 男女边摸边吃奶| 18禁裸乳无遮挡动漫免费视频| 午夜成年电影在线免费观看| 亚洲国产欧美网| 超碰97精品在线观看| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 国产精品久久久久久人妻精品电影 | 宅男免费午夜| 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 亚洲欧洲日产国产| 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 99精品久久久久人妻精品| 大片免费播放器 马上看| 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放| 美女中出高潮动态图| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 五月天丁香电影| 女人高潮潮喷娇喘18禁视频| 午夜福利,免费看| 美女大奶头黄色视频| 精品久久久久久电影网| 91老司机精品| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 自线自在国产av| 99精品欧美一区二区三区四区| 交换朋友夫妻互换小说| 精品国产一区二区久久| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 纯流量卡能插随身wifi吗| 人妻 亚洲 视频| 老司机影院毛片| 亚洲成国产人片在线观看| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 肉色欧美久久久久久久蜜桃| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频| 久久久久国内视频| 欧美日韩国产mv在线观看视频| av欧美777| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 国产精品偷伦视频观看了| 热re99久久国产66热| avwww免费| 久久香蕉激情| 老司机影院成人| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 色精品久久人妻99蜜桃| 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| 久久精品熟女亚洲av麻豆精品| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 午夜日韩欧美国产| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 国产麻豆69| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 国产在线免费精品| 国产男女内射视频| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 亚洲精品日韩在线中文字幕| 丰满迷人的少妇在线观看| 999久久久国产精品视频| 大型av网站在线播放| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 亚洲国产成人一精品久久久| 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 亚洲国产看品久久| 免费不卡黄色视频| 亚洲va日本ⅴa欧美va伊人久久 | 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区| h视频一区二区三区| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| av国产精品久久久久影院| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 亚洲av欧美aⅴ国产| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 一本综合久久免费| 搡老岳熟女国产| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 一区二区av电影网| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 精品亚洲乱码少妇综合久久| 午夜福利,免费看| 电影成人av| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三 | 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久 | 一区福利在线观看| 性少妇av在线| 啦啦啦啦在线视频资源| 欧美午夜高清在线| 国产区一区二久久| 国产视频一区二区在线看| 黄频高清免费视频| 人人妻人人添人人爽欧美一区卜| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 亚洲精品一二三| 母亲3免费完整高清在线观看| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆| 午夜免费成人在线视频| 性高湖久久久久久久久免费观看| 中国美女看黄片| 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 欧美成人午夜精品| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 亚洲熟女精品中文字幕| 亚洲精品av麻豆狂野| 老熟女久久久| 在线看a的网站| 国产成人a∨麻豆精品| 免费在线观看完整版高清| av网站在线播放免费| 91字幕亚洲| 国产黄频视频在线观看| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡| 国产av精品麻豆| 亚洲色图综合在线观看| 欧美激情 高清一区二区三区| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 中文字幕制服av| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆| 999久久久国产精品视频| 亚洲国产av新网站| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| h视频一区二区三区| 一级毛片电影观看| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频 | 一本一本久久a久久精品综合妖精| 日本av手机在线免费观看| 五月开心婷婷网| 在线观看舔阴道视频| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 精品少妇一区二区三区视频日本电影| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频| 日韩中文字幕视频在线看片| 考比视频在线观看| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 老司机影院毛片| 欧美 亚洲 国产 日韩一| 啪啪无遮挡十八禁网站| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 精品久久久久久电影网| 男女无遮挡免费网站观看| 男女高潮啪啪啪动态图| 亚洲国产日韩一区二区| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| 两性夫妻黄色片| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 两人在一起打扑克的视频| 日韩视频在线欧美| 9色porny在线观看| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲 | 亚洲精品av麻豆狂野| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 精品久久久精品久久久| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 99热全是精品| 亚洲黑人精品在线| 欧美 亚洲 国产 日韩一| av在线播放精品| 欧美精品高潮呻吟av久久| 久9热在线精品视频| 性色av一级| 免费看十八禁软件| 日韩 亚洲 欧美在线| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 天天躁日日躁夜夜躁夜夜| 91成人精品电影| 1024视频免费在线观看| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 91精品三级在线观看| 久久久精品94久久精品| 午夜影院在线不卡| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 国产高清视频在线播放一区 | 中文字幕高清在线视频| 日韩三级视频一区二区三区| 国产精品一区二区免费欧美 | 欧美久久黑人一区二区| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 免费久久久久久久精品成人欧美视频| 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| 亚洲国产av新网站| 亚洲全国av大片| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频 | a在线观看视频网站| 日韩 亚洲 欧美在线| 一级片免费观看大全| 欧美日韩精品网址| 久久免费观看电影| 精品福利观看| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 久久久精品94久久精品| 性高湖久久久久久久久免费观看| 岛国在线观看网站| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 免费黄频网站在线观看国产| 国产男女内射视频| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 搡老熟女国产l中国老女人| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| 不卡av一区二区三区| 纵有疾风起免费观看全集完整版| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 少妇裸体淫交视频免费看高清 | 国产av又大| 菩萨蛮人人尽说江南好唐韦庄| 999久久久国产精品视频| 三级毛片av免费| 亚洲伊人色综图| 99精品久久久久人妻精品| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频| 国产色视频综合| 亚洲三区欧美一区| 久久免费观看电影| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 国产色视频综合| 黄色 视频免费看| 在线观看免费午夜福利视频| 18禁观看日本| 国产一区二区在线观看av| 亚洲 国产 在线| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 一本色道久久久久久精品综合| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 国产男人的电影天堂91| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 日本猛色少妇xxxxx猛交久久| 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 亚洲国产精品一区三区| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人| a级毛片黄视频| 视频在线观看一区二区三区| 久久久精品区二区三区| 三上悠亚av全集在线观看| 午夜久久久在线观看| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 一级黄色大片毛片| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 亚洲视频免费观看视频| 一本久久精品| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 欧美97在线视频| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 自线自在国产av| 伦理电影免费视频| 国产有黄有色有爽视频| 亚洲精品国产区一区二| 精品欧美一区二区三区在线| www.av在线官网国产| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说| 亚洲精品在线美女| 国产精品香港三级国产av潘金莲| 操出白浆在线播放| 亚洲专区中文字幕在线| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看 | 日韩 亚洲 欧美在线| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 免费高清在线观看视频在线观看| 飞空精品影院首页| 菩萨蛮人人尽说江南好唐韦庄| 在线观看一区二区三区激情| 亚洲欧洲日产国产| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 美女福利国产在线| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 国产精品免费视频内射| 欧美日韩视频精品一区| 精品人妻1区二区| 91麻豆av在线| 蜜桃在线观看..| 啦啦啦在线免费观看视频4| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| a级毛片黄视频| 国产精品成人在线| www.自偷自拍.com| 国产男人的电影天堂91| 久久中文看片网| 国产免费一区二区三区四区乱码| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 亚洲av男天堂| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看 | av天堂在线播放| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 精品视频人人做人人爽| 男女国产视频网站| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 国产成人a∨麻豆精品| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 我要看黄色一级片免费的| 黄频高清免费视频| 狂野欧美激情性bbbbbb| 久久久国产成人免费| 极品少妇高潮喷水抽搐| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 91精品伊人久久大香线蕉| 男女免费视频国产| 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看| 国产国语露脸激情在线看| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡|