主題語境十四：自然（一）

蔣建平

感知·素養(yǎng)解讀

生命起源于自然，因此，萬物應與自然和諧統(tǒng)一。在人類生命活動中，熱愛大自然、探索自然界的奧秘、保護大自然等都是我們永恒的主題。學會了珍愛自然，也就學會了珍愛我們?nèi)祟愖约骸?/p>

“自然”是高中新課程標準主題之一。課標及考綱中的“自然”是人與自然的和諧相處，人在自然界的生存、動植物保護、生態(tài)保護，自然災害等方面。這些話題與學生的生活息息相關(guān)，聯(lián)系密切。

“自然”是歷年高考英語的?？贾黝}。就歷年高考英語書面表達而言，“自然”主要包括環(huán)境破壞、生態(tài)保護、自然災害等話題。

關(guān)于這一主題的寫作常有以下幾種命題方式：

1. 介紹颶風的基本知識。

2. 介紹臺風的基本知識。

3. 介紹某次大地震或水災的破壞、影響等。

4. 瀕危動物的現(xiàn)狀及呼吁人們關(guān)注瀕危動物。

5. 人與自然和諧相處話題。

6. 全球變暖問題。

探究·語庫構(gòu)建

語境串記

A horrible earthquake

Dirty water rose in wells and canals before the earthquake. 1.__________?no one judged that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly， everything shook. It seemed as if the world was 2.__________ an end. 3.__________（million） of brick houses and a number of dams were destroyed. Railway tracks became 4.__________（use） bars. Pipes in mines burst and let out 5. __________ （smell） steam. Huge cracks trapped cyclists everywhere.

The next day， this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporters giving 6.__________ outline of the disaster， the whole nation was shocked by the damage and the victim's extreme 7. __________（suffer）. People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations！ You survived！”. So they not only expressed their sympathy 8. __________ （sincere）， but also organized together to help the victims right away. The injured were rescued and the dead were buried. The 9. __________（frighten） survivors were dug out from under the ruins and were offered shelter， fresh water and electricity. Thanks to people's help， the loss 10.__________（minimize）.

可怕的地震

地震前，水井和運河里的污水都漲涌起來。但是沒人判斷出地震即將來臨。突然，一切都在搖晃，似乎整個世界就要結(jié)束。數(shù)以百萬的磚房和許多水壩遭到破壞;鐵路軌道都變成無用的鐵條;煤礦管道紛紛爆裂，發(fā)出有臭味的蒸汽;到處都有騎車的人陷在巨大的裂縫里。

第二天，所有報紙都紛紛以大字標題或主要標題報道了這一事件。記者們描述了災難的大概情況，全國都被地震的破壞和災民們極度的苦難所震驚。當人們讀到幸存者以“恭喜啊，你還活著！”來互相安慰時，都被感動了。人們不僅衷心地表達了他們的同情，而且還立刻組織起來幫助災民。傷員被救助了，死者被埋葬了，嚇壞的幸存者被從廢墟中挖出來了，棲身處、凈水和電力也很快得到供應。多虧了人們的幫助，災區(qū)的損失被減到了最小。

I. 圖解熱詞

II. 素材積累

（一）閱讀詞匯整合（明其義）

動物及其相關(guān)表達：

1. horse 馬

2. bull 公牛

3. cow 母牛;奶牛

4. pig 豬

5. sheep 羊;綿羊

6. goat 山羊

7. lamb 羔羊;小羊

8. zebra 斑馬

9. deer 鹿

10. giraffe 長頸鹿

11. camel 駱駝

12. elephant 象

13. cat 貓

14. lion 獅子

15. tiger 虎

16. dog 犬;狗

17. fox 狐

18. wolf 狼

19. bear 熊

20. rabbit 兔

21. rat 鼠

22. mouse 老鼠;耗子

23. monkey 猴子

24. kangaroo 袋鼠

25. whale 鯨

26. dolphin 海豚

27. eagle 雕

28. hen 母雞

29. chicken 雞

30. parrot 鸚鵡

31. snake 蛇

32. frog 蛙

33. fish 魚

34. butterfly 蝴蝶

35. mosquito 蚊子

36. insect 昆蟲

37. tail 尾巴

38. nest 巢;窩

39. claw 爪

40. zoo 動物園

41. wing 翼;翅膀

42. beef 牛肉

43. pork 豬肉

44. feather 羽毛

45. fur 毛;毛皮

46. wildlife 野生動植物

47. punish the hunters severely 嚴懲捕獵者

48. live in harmony with animals 與動物和諧相處

49. devote oneself to protecting wildlife 致力于保護野生動植物

50. become extinct/die out 滅絕

51. protect the endangered animals from being killed 保護瀕臨滅絕的動物不被殺害

52. arouse people's awareness of wildlife protection 喚醒人們保護野生動植物的意識

53. take effective measures to protect rare animals 采取有效措施保護珍稀動物

植物及其相關(guān)表達：

1. rose 薔薇;玫瑰

2. pea 豌豆

3. apple 蘋果

4. pear 梨

5. orange 橙子;柑橘

6. pine 松樹

7. bamboo 竹

8. cabbage 卷心菜

9. carrot 胡蘿卜

10. onion 洋蔥

11. pumpkin 南瓜

12. potato 馬鈴薯;土豆

13. tomato 番茄;西紅柿

14. wheat 小麥

15. watermelon 西瓜

16. banana 香蕉

17. cherry 櫻桃

18. coconut 椰子

19. grape 葡萄

20. mango 芒果

21. nut 堅果

22. bean 豆

23. root 根

24. seed 種子

25. leaf 葉

26. fruit 果實

27. flower 花;花朵

28. trunk 樹干

29. branch 樹枝

30. wood 木材

31. juice 果汁

32. plant trees 植樹

33. cut down trees 砍伐樹木

動植物描述：

1. gentle 馴服的;溫順的

2. fierce 殘忍的;兇猛的

3. violent 暴力的

4. cute 聰明的;伶俐的

5. pretty 漂亮的

6. cold-blooded 冷血的

7. aggressive 侵略的;好斗的

8. lazy 懶惰的

9. thin 瘦的

10. high 高的

11. juicy 多汁的

12. gorgeous 極好的;漂亮的

13. fresh 新鮮的

14. reproductive 繁殖的

地形、地貌：

1. plain 平原

2. plateau 高原

3. hill 小山

4. mountain 山岳

5. river 河;江

6. lake 湖

7. stream 小河;小溪

8. land 陸地

9. ocean/sea 洋/大海

10. waterfall 瀑布

11. gulf 海灣

12. island 島;島嶼

自然資源：

1. oil 石油

2. coal 煤

3. water 水

4. air 空氣;大氣

5. soil 土壤

6. gas 氣體;煤氣

7. sunshine 陽光;日光

8. oxygen 氧

9. metal 金屬

10. iron 鐵

11. keep ecological balance/keep the balance of nature 保持生態(tài)平衡

12. break ecological balance/damage the balance of nature 破壞生態(tài)平衡

13. create a pleasant ecological environment 創(chuàng)造良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境

天氣：

1. sunny 陽光照耀的

2. rainy 下雨的;多雨的

3. windy 有風的;多風的

4. cloudy 陰天的;陰云密布的

5. stormy 有暴風雨的

6. fine 晴朗的

7. snowy 下雪的;多雪的

8. warm 暖和的;溫暖的

9. cold 寒冷的

10. cool 涼的;涼爽的

11. hot 熱的

12. mild 溫和的;和煦的

13. rain 下雨

14. wind 風

15. snow 雪;下雪

16. cloud 云

17. storm 暴風雨

自然現(xiàn)象與災害：

1. disaster 天災;災害

2. flood 水災

3. drought 干旱

4. landslide 山崩

5. tsunami 海嘯

6. typhoon 臺風

7. hurricane 颶風

8. snowstorm 暴風雪

9. lightning 閃電

10. thunderstorm 雷雨;雷暴

11. tornado 龍卷風

12. wave 海浪;波浪;波濤

13. lava 熔巖;火山巖

14. volcano 火山

15. earthquake 地震

16. sandstorm 沙暴

17. tide 潮汐;潮水

自然災害發(fā)生：

1. strike/hit （災害）侵襲;發(fā)生

2. erupt （火山）爆發(fā);噴出

3. ruin 毀滅;破壞

4. occur （事件等）發(fā)生

自然災害后果：

1. missing 失蹤的

2. homeless 無家可歸的

3. get injured 受傷

4. the trapped people 被困人員

5. collapse/fall down （房屋等）倒塌

6. claim 100 lives 造成100人死亡

7. be in ruins/fall into ruins 成為廢墟

8. go against nature 違背自然規(guī)律

9. be washed away 被沖走

10. burn to the ground 全部焚毀

11. be trapped in the ruins 困在廢墟中

12. be killed/lose one's life/cause one's death 死亡

13. have the power cut/cut off the power/electricity 電力中斷

14. wash away buildings， roads and bridges 沖走房屋、道路和橋梁

15. trigger landslides and other disasters 引發(fā)泥石流及其他災害

16. cause great damage/economic losses 造成巨大損失/經(jīng)濟損失

救援與捐贈：

1. victim 受害人

2. stricken district/area 受災地區(qū)

3. the earthquake victims 地震災民

4. rescue work 救災工作

5. return to normal 恢復正常

6. trapped persons 被困人員

7. rescue... from 從……拯救……

8. rescue victims/sufferers 拯救受害人

9. flood control and drought relief 防汛抗旱

10. call on people to make donations 呼吁人們捐贈

11. hold out/give a helping hand to sb 對……伸出援助之手

（二）寫作詞匯運用（悉其用）

根據(jù)漢語提示或用所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。

1. When the lava reached the sea， there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could

__________ （淹沒） half the island.

2. Only the female __________（蚊子） can suck blood and transmit malaria.

3. The lack of __________ （對環(huán)境友好的） habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.

4. It rained heavily in the south in the summer of 2016， __________ （造成嚴重的洪澇災害） in several provinces.

5. It seems that they are not worried at all about the fact that wild animals __________（endanger）.

6. In spite of all this， immediately the government__________（號召） the whole nation to support the places hit by the worst disaster.

7. It __________（從來沒想到） to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

8. We should __________（和諧相處） animals， creating a pleasant ecological environment.

9. We'll have nowhere to live in the future unless we __________ （采取措施） to protect the earth now.

10. Deserts are also created because people __________（砍伐） trees and dig up grass.

（三）核心句型表達（精于表）

根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。

1. 自然災害總是不期而至，造成大量人員傷亡，毀壞無數(shù)的房屋。

譯法一：（現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語）

______________________

譯法二：（非限制性定語從句）

______________________

2. 我們每個人都應該充分利用水資源，比如在日常生活中循環(huán)利用和節(jié)約用水。

譯法一：（強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)主語）

______________________

譯法二：（主語從句）

______________________

3. 只有這樣我們才能夠盡早戰(zhàn)勝自然災害。

譯法一：（強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)狀語）

______________________

譯法二：（倒裝句）

______________________

4. 為了讓世界變得更好，我們應該遵守生態(tài)準則，保護環(huán)境。

譯法一：（in order to句型）

______________________

譯法二：（so that句型）

______________________

實踐·主題測評

知識維度診斷評價

Ⅰ. 單句填空

1. They can destroy houses， but leave the furniture inside __________（exact） where it was.

2. On average， there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year， __________（cause） about 80 deaths and 1，500 injuries.

3. Last year a terrible flood broke out in the south of China， causing great loss __________ the people there.

4. Tornadoes can cause much __________ （destroy）.

5. The __________ （bad） tornado of all time occurred in 1925， affecting three US states.

6. When hurricanes come， there are violent winds of 120 kilometers per hour or more， _________cause bad weather.

7. That is the only way we can imagine __________（reduce） the overuse of water in students'?bathrooms.

8. Let's work together and do __________ we can to make the earth a better place to live in.

9. Everyone should take the __________ （responsible） to protect the environment.

10. Nowadays， natural disasters have been more widespread and more frequent， becoming__________ increasing threat to development.

11. With more and more trees cut down， the balance of nature __________ （damage）， which has caused many wild animals and plants in danger of extinction.

12. Besides， our government should devote every effort to __________ （protect） wildlife， preventing the endangered animals from being killed.

13. The whole city lay in __________（ruin） after the earthquake， which made them lie awake all night.

14. We should also repay nature， rather than__________（blind） consume.

15. Due to excessive population growth， human beings require much more natural resources than before， which__________ （lead） to excessive pressure on nature.

16. On average， all kinds of natural disasters take place every year and even some are beyond people's __________（expect）.

17. Two people were buried in the buildings， but__________（fortunate） enough， they were rescued in time.

18. There is a possibility __________ experienced experts will be able to forecast some terrible natural disasters accurately in the future.

19. In Copenhagen Climate Conference， rich countries promised to set __________ a fund of $100 billion by 2020 to help developing countries.

20. The WWF __________（found） in the UK in 1961 and opened an international office in Switzerland in the same year.

Ⅱ. 單句改錯

1. They found the remain of the buildings buried under the sand. _______________________

2. About 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day， more than a hundred thousands in a year.

_______________________

3. The typhoon brought the worst flooding in 50 years to southern Taiwan， killed more than 460 people with scores of people injured or missing. _______________________

4. In this activity， students have raised their aware of environmental protection.

_______________________

5. It's high time that we arouse people's awareness of wildlife protection. _______________________

6. Furthermore， effective measures should taken to protect rare wildlife， including punishing the hunters severely. _______________________

7. We often say that the earth is our homeland and human society comes from the nature.

_______________________

8. For the long-term develop， the population growth must be controlled.

_______________________

9. We all come from nature which is our home？-land， so we must try our best to protect them.

_______________________

10. Yesterday a violent hurricane hit the area， which caused a lot of damages to the buildings and cars. _______________________

Ⅲ. 語篇填空

選用所給單詞的正確形式填空，使短文意思完整。

What should you do when an earthquake occurs？ Here are some tips for you.

●When walking outside

Take caution against falling objects， such as signs and 1. _______ windows. Tools and construction materials can fall down at a construction site. Protect your head with your bag or coat and keep at a distance from tall buildings. Stone walls and pillars can also fall down and are potentially dangerous.

●When driving a car

Firmly hold the steering wheel， 2. _______ reduce speed， park your car on the side of the road， and stop the engine. Listen to information on the radio and find out what 3._______ . If you need to evacuate（撤出）， leave your keys， keep the doors 4. _______ ， and walk away with your car documents and valuables.

●When underground or in a subway

The shaking you feel when you are underground is about half of what you would experience over ground. Additionally， under-

ground areas have strong structures and are 5. _______ than high-rise buildings. Calmly evacuate， 6. _______ instructions from shop clerks and subway staff.

●When in a high-rise building

Elevators with earthquake sensors will stop at the nearest floor. Immediately leave the elevator. If you get 7. _______ in the elevator， use the intercom 8._______ someone outside and wait for rescue. When you evacuate from buildings， never use elevators， listen to

9. _______ ， and use the stairs to leave the building.

●When near the ocean

Head for higher ground and carefully listen to tsunami information. Do not go near the ocean until tsunami warnings 10._______ . Don't even think about going to watch tsunamis！