劇院建筑

編譯：季嘉葵

英國劇場技師協(xié)會(Association of British Theatre Technicians，簡稱 ABTT，成立于1961年)于1972年制作了第一部劇院設(shè)計(jì)和規(guī)劃指南。在1986年修訂后，成為任何涉及劇院建筑、裝修或者創(chuàng)造一個表現(xiàn)空間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考。2010年由該組織出版、朱迪思·斯特朗（Judith Strong）編輯的《劇院建筑設(shè)計(jì)指南》（Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide）一書，是其繼承者。

這本書使讀者了解了劇院的規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)的全過程。它在建筑物的每一個區(qū)域都有詳細(xì)的注解，包括房子前面、禮堂、后臺和行政辦公區(qū)域。它聚焦于一些具體的指導(dǎo)，比如音響、舞臺工程、燈光、聲音和視頻，禮堂和舞臺的尺寸等等。餐飲、會議和教育使用等方面也包括在內(nèi)。書中涵蓋了28座劇院的案例，《歌劇》雜志將編譯其中精彩的個案，與業(yè)界共同分享。

概 要

劇院類型和運(yùn)營形式

專門為年輕人制作戲劇，為新生作家和導(dǎo)演提供機(jī)會。為重要的教育和社區(qū)活動、巡演和聯(lián)合制作提供場地。

地址和網(wǎng)站

蘭貝斯，英國倫敦。

www.youngvic.org

建造年代

原始劇院于1969年開業(yè)。2004年至2006年進(jìn)行大修。

觀眾廳

靈活的八邊形空間，四周均設(shè)有長廊。可容納420人，最大可容納550人。另外有兩個靈活的空間：140-180座的瑪麗亞劇院和65-80座的克萊爾劇院。

舞臺

可變格式，包括環(huán)形的伸展式舞臺設(shè)施。靈活的舞臺大小，最小的是6米×6米。

建筑師

原始建筑：比爾·豪威爾，香港倫敦建筑師協(xié)會建筑師，英國倫敦。重建：霍沃斯湯普金斯建筑師事務(wù)所，英國倫敦。

劇院（設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)）顧問

托德·萊卡特工作室和木炭藍(lán)劇院項(xiàng)目顧問公司，英國倫敦。

聲學(xué)顧問

保羅·吉列倫聲學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)有限公司，英國倫敦。

建筑成本

原建筑花費(fèi)6萬英鎊（1969年）。主要改建工程總成本1250萬英鎊（建筑成本700萬英鎊）。

Summary

Theatre type and operational format

Producing theatre specializing in work for younger people and providing opportunities for new writers and directors.Significant education and community programme, touring and coproductions.

Location and web reference

Lambeth, London, UK.

www.youngvic.org

Building dates

Original theatre opened 1969.Major refurbishment 2004 to 2006.

Auditorium

Flexible octagonal space with gallery on all sides.Seating capacity 420 but capable of accommodating a maximum audience of 550.Two further flexible spaces: Maria Theatre seating 140-180 and Clare Theatre seating 65-80.

Stages

Variable formats with in-the-round and thrust stage option.Flexible stage size, in-theround, the smallest, is 6m×6m.

Architect

Original, Bill Howell, HKPA Architects,London, UK.Remodelling: Haworth Tompkins Architects, London, UK.

Theatre (design and technical) consultants

Studio Todd Lecatt and Theatre Projects Consultants with Charcoalblue, both London, UK.

Acoustic consultants

Paul Gillieron Acoustic Design, London, UK.

Building cost

Original theatre cost ￡60,000 (1969).Total cost of major remodeling work ￡12.5 million(construction costs ￡7 million).

劇院建筑設(shè)計(jì)指南之新維克劇院

The Young Vic Theatre from Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide

英國倫敦

Dallas, Texas, USA

新維克劇院是英國主要的演出場所之一，年輕的戲劇專業(yè)人士和知名人士聚集在一起，主要為年輕觀眾創(chuàng)作和呈現(xiàn)作品。它是作為英國國家劇院（National Theatre）的第二個臨時空間修建的，位于老維克劇院（Old Vic Theatre）路對面，當(dāng)時劇團(tuán)也在此辦公。它是為新生代設(shè)計(jì)的新劇院——一個實(shí)驗(yàn)性的、開放的、像馬戲團(tuán)一樣廉價的劇院。

The Young Vic is one of the UK’s leading venues where young theatre professionals and established‘names’ come together to create and present work predominantly for a young audience.It was built as a second temporary space for the National Theatre,just down the road from the Old Vic Theatre, where the company was then housed.It was designed as a new theatre for a new generation - one that was experimental, open, circus-like and cheap.

禮堂用鋁網(wǎng)覆蓋，保留了原來的肉鋪入口

觀眾席

近40年后，劇院面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是從根本上改善原本被設(shè)計(jì)為低成本、低調(diào)、臨時性的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，并能夠在不失去為一代又一代年輕人所營造的氛圍下做到這一點(diǎn)。劇院還希望保留原始設(shè)計(jì)中的最佳點(diǎn)，尤其是獨(dú)特但非常有效的禮堂，這是英國最早的古思里伸展式舞臺與樓座的垂直元素相結(jié)合的例子。長凳座椅和可拆卸的舞臺裝置提供了一定程度的靈活性。

The challenge which faced the theatre nearly 40 years later was to improve radically what had been deliberately designed as a low-cost, low-key,temporary structure and to do so without losing the ambience which had drawn in successive generations of young people.The theatre also wanted to keep the best aspects of the original design, in particular the idiosyncratic but very effective auditorium - an early example in the UK of a Guthrie thrust stage combined with the vertical element of galleries.Bench seating and demountable stage units provided a degree of flexibility.

新大樓保留了大部分原始結(jié)構(gòu)（包括1960年代由肉鋪改造而成的原劇院入口），同時為劇團(tuán)及劇院觀眾提供了大大改善的設(shè)施。觀眾席已進(jìn)行了升級，以提高技術(shù)含量，并提升了建筑高度以容納新的照明網(wǎng)格。增加了一層新的圓形通道和更多的入口，可拆卸的活動墻能夠通向新的大型工作坊，因此延長的伸展式舞臺得以打破方形禮堂形式上的邊界。在相同的占地面積內(nèi)，座位數(shù)量增加了約25%。

The new building retains much of the original fabric (including the former butcher’s shop which formed the entrance to the 1960s theatre) while providing vastly improved facilities for the company and for its audience.The auditorium has been upgraded to increase the technical provision with the height raised to accommodate a new lighting grid.A new layer of get-round and more entrances have been added and a movable wall with demountable gallery now leads into the large new workshop so that an extended thrust stage can break the boundary of the square auditorium format.The seating capacity has been increased by some 25 per cent within the same footprint.

添加了另外兩個工作室空間，并重建和擴(kuò)建了后臺和前廳的設(shè)施。

Two further studio spaces have been added and both backstage and front of house provision has been rebuilt and extended.

新劇院使用的材料保留了原始建筑的臨時和半工業(yè)風(fēng)格——膠合板和鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廣泛應(yīng)用于室內(nèi)空間，鋁網(wǎng)和定制的混凝土塊覆蓋在建筑外部。

The materials used in the new theatre reflect the ad-hoc and semi-industrial style of the original:with plywood and steelwork being widely used in the interior spaces and aluminium mesh and customized concrete blocks cladding the exterior.

新空間的成功很大程度上歸功于1969年劇院的高品質(zhì)——那是個年輕、平等的空間的最初概念，也是建筑設(shè)計(jì)賦予它的表現(xiàn)力。

The success of the new space owes much to the quality of the 1969 theatre - to the original concept of a young, egalitarian space and to the design of the building that gave it expression.