庫阿特羅卡米諾斯綜合運(yùn)輸中心，瑙卡爾潘，墨西哥州，墨西哥

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：曼努埃爾·塞萬提斯工作室 + JSa建筑事務(wù)所

庫阿特羅卡米諾斯TOD 這一綜合運(yùn)輸樞紐位于墨西哥城北郊，建于地鐵二號(hào)線終點(diǎn)站之上。這一90,000m2的項(xiàng)目將包含一系列建筑體量，用來改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有場地中的公共交通流線。方案計(jì)劃在提高民眾的通勤體驗(yàn)的同時(shí)改善周邊的城市環(huán)境，并為使用者提供更高的公共空間安全性與更有組織的空間。

方案包括一個(gè)公交車站，位于地面層，從“綜合運(yùn)輸中心”（CETRAM）的中部向南北分別延伸出兩翼。站臺(tái)和公交車機(jī)動(dòng)區(qū)也都位于該層，而商鋪則沿著步行流線排列。

在設(shè)計(jì)中，南翼還規(guī)劃了一座18 層的塔樓，包括了底層商鋪和上層的寫字樓，總計(jì)32,000m2。而位于CETRAM 內(nèi)部的一個(gè)環(huán)形流線，將會(huì)改善公交換乘的效率，并在主通道上提供兩個(gè)出入口。

上下公交車的人流被分為兩支，而公交站臺(tái)與現(xiàn)有的地鐵站臺(tái)共用出口。兩個(gè)入口廣場分別朝向軍事工程師大街和軍事運(yùn)輸大街，可以供游客穿過，以進(jìn)入CETRAM 的中心區(qū)域。

一層的入口廣場和站臺(tái)將人流分開，在保證人流能夠持續(xù)流向商業(yè)區(qū)的同時(shí)，也分離出站臺(tái)方向的通勤人群。三層則規(guī)劃了一個(gè)餐飲廣場和電影院。設(shè)計(jì)還包括3 個(gè)地下停車場，以滿足規(guī)范所要求的車位數(shù)量。

外立面飾以圖案化的沖壓鋁板，不僅減少了表皮對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的荷載，也由于大量預(yù)制構(gòu)件的使用，加快了工程進(jìn)度。□（王一橋 譯）

1 總平面/Site plan

2 外景/Exterior view

3 軸測/Axonometric

4 交通樞紐首層平面/Transportation ground floor plan

5 外景/Exterior view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects：Manuel Cervantes Estudio, JSa Arquitectura

主持建筑師/Architects: Manuel Cervantes Céspedes, Javier Sánchez Corral

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Carlos Rodríguez, Edgar Beltran,Israel Caballero, Frine Ortega, Jimena Antillon, Misael Romero, Ana Rita Alves, Christian Santillano, Alejandro Alfaro, Omar Rojas, Carolina ángeles; Mariana Paz, Gabriela Delgado, Hector Moreno, Ulises Solís, Yair Duarte

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineer: Grupo Colinas de Buen

電力工程/Electrical Engineer: Hubard & Bourlon S.A de C.V

承建方/Contractor: CCICSA

城市旅行物流/Urban Travel Logistics: UTL (Urban Travel and Logistics )

運(yùn)輸顧問/Transit and Transport Consultant: Dra. Florencia Serranía Soto

項(xiàng)目周期/Project Year: 2013-2016

攝影/Photos: Onnis Luque (fig. 2,5,11,12,15), Rafael Gamo(fig. 10,13)

The Cuatro Caminos TOD is located in northern Mexico City suburbs, and built over the final station on Line 2 of the city's Metro (subway) system.

A set of buildings is planned for this 90,000-square-metre property to help improve the flow of public transport in the existing location.This aim is to improve people's transit and the surrounding urban area, and to give users more security and a better organised space.

The project consists of a bus station on the ground floor which connects with the Cuatro Caminos metro station, located in the middle of the CETRAM. From here, two wings branch out to the north and south stations. The platforms and the bus maneuvering area is found on this level, and stores are arranged along the pedestrian routes.

An 18-storey building will be built in the southern wing, with business premises on the ground and first floors, and office space on the remaining levels, offering a total built area of 32,000 m2.

An internal circuit within the CETRAM improves the efficiency of the bus transport operations, providing just two access points on the main thoroughfares.

The passenger flow is distributed along two bays to board and alight from the buses, and is connected to the exit routes from the platforms of the existing metro platforms. Users can walk into the centre across two entrance plazas, one facing onto Av. Ingenieros Militares and the other onto Av.Transmisiones Militares.

The entrance plazas and platforms distribute the users on the first level, ensuring a continuous flow to the stores while also staggering the routes toward the platforms.

The third level completes the development with a food court and movie theatres.

The design includes three underground parking lots to meet the regulations that specify the required number of parking spaces.

The fa?ades are clad in patterned die-cut aluminium sheets, and the construction system lightens the building and speeds up the building process since most of the component parts are prefabricated in off-site workshops.□

6.7 剖面/Sections

8.9 立面/Elevations

評(píng)論

范路：對(duì)墨西哥城庫阿特羅卡米諾斯綜合運(yùn)輸中心項(xiàng)目來說，高效率是其重要特征。不同交通方式分層設(shè)置；通勤人流和商業(yè)人流被分離；上下公交車的不同人流被分開；樞紐內(nèi)部還構(gòu)建了環(huán)線以增加換乘效率。沖壓鋁板等大量預(yù)制構(gòu)件的使用，不僅加快了工程進(jìn)度，也為建筑帶來了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的工業(yè)美感。然而，對(duì)高效率的過分強(qiáng)調(diào)，也讓項(xiàng)目中的公共空間有種“冷漠感”。

路璐：建筑師一如既往地從剖面開始設(shè)計(jì)，沿地塊的弧線不斷重復(fù)一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)剖面單元。承建商出身的建筑師善于應(yīng)對(duì)無論來自施工建造還是甲方需求的諸多變化，保持著“高效”的一貫作風(fēng)。在1960年代末“斷裂”之后出生的“70后”墨西哥建筑師們，有著更廣闊的視野（旅行和留學(xué)），他們的建筑資源來自扁平化的世界。于是，墨西哥現(xiàn)代建筑從20世紀(jì)初奧戈?duì)柭鼧O端的理性主義出發(fā)，走過一個(gè)世紀(jì)，來到了塞萬提斯溫和的實(shí)用主義。

10 外景/Exterior view

11-13 外景/Exterior views

Comments

FAN Lu: High efficiency is the main feature in the project of the Cuatro Caminos TOD in Mexico City. Different modes of transportation are arranged in different levels; commuters are separated from commercial consumers; the passenger flow is distributed along two bays to board and alight from the buses; an internal circuit is also established within the CETRAM to improve the efficiency of the transport operations. In addition, a large number of prefabricated component parts are used in the project,which not only speeds up the building process but also brings about a kind of industrial aesthetics for the building complex.However as a negative effect of much emphasis on high efficiency,a sense of "indifference" could be felt in public space of the project.

LU Lu: As usual, the architect started from the section design, and the arcs along the plot constantly repeat a structural section unit.The architect, a former contractor, is quite good at dealing with the changing requests, no matter they are from the implementation and construction, or from the client, thus is capable of keeping"high-efficiency". After a "break" since the end of 1960s, the new generation of Mexican architects who are born in late 1970s have wider visions (gained from traveling and overseas study), and their architectural resource is from a flatten world. Therefore, after one century, modern Mexican architecture started from the extreme Rationalism represented by Juan O'Gorman in the early 20th century and arrives at the mild Pragmatism represented by Manuel Cervantes. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

14 細(xì)部/Detail

15 內(nèi)景/Interior view