SUMMARIES OF ARTICLES

Betweenthe“NipponizationofConfucianism”and“JapaneseConfucianism”——MyQuestionsforProfessorWuZhen

Zhang Kunjiang

In 2015， Professor Wu Zhen published a work entitlcd asWhenChineseConfucianismEncounteredJapan:AnInsightintotheProblemsoftheNipponizationofConfucianismsincetheLatterHalfofthe19thCentury. This article deals in particular with the related topics touching the key concepts of the “Nipponization of Confucianism” and “Japanese Confucianism” in the book， listing some points worthy of further consideration. Firstly， in the second section， the article reviews Chinese scholars’ studies on the “Nipponization of Confucianism，” most of which treat Edo Confucianism， while Wu’s work is focused on the “Nipponized Confucianism” during the 19thCentury. This makes both shed light on each other. The third section points out that Wu’s work intentionally severs the differential problem between the “Confucianism Nipponized” and “Japanese Confucianism”， whereas the article holds that both have inseparable connections. Therefore， their ties with the early modern period should not have been segregated as Wu does Japanese Confucianism. The fourth section analyzes that Wu’s work， in exploring the emphasis early modern Japanese scholars placed on the “proponents of national morality，” has a profound insight into the frequently reversed relationship between “universal morality” and “particular morality.” Nevertheless， the articles holds that Wu has neglected pre-war phenomena， that is， Japanese scholars habitually infiltrated evolutionism into the combining process of moral discourse and national spirit. The fifth section notes that Wu has also ignored the positive attitude Masao Maruyama held toward Confucianism in his late years. Finally， the concluding section illustrates that had Wu been more attentive to the development of popular Confucianism and the revival of Chinese national studies along with “Chineseness” affecting surrounding regions， he would not have concluded that the “Nipponization of Confucianism” has ceased.

TheNewReformTrendofMoralEducationinJapanesePrimaryandMiddleSchools——BasedontheRevisionoftheJapanesePrimaryandMiddleSchoolMoralSyllabusin2017

Liu Guiping

Due to the development of Japanese national educational idea and various problems occurred in present moral education， the reform of moral education in Japanese primary and middle schools is pressing. In February 2017， Japan announced the new syllabus for primary and secondary schools. In the new moral education syllabus， the independent personality cultivation and life education to the adolescents are focused as before， and meanwhile， tolerance， fairness， justness and social justice are supplemented as goals and requirements for primary school period. According to the regulations of the new moral education syllabus， the differences with the present syllabus are that the moral course is to be changed into a special course from an activity beyond main course originally， and the textbook for moral education is to be brought into national verification textbook. On the other hands， keywords are added into the part of the statements of the moral education goals， and the teaching， the examination and evaluation ways are also greatly changed.

Japan’sPopulationAging“Overspeed”andOverseasImmigrationPolicy

Song Yue

The population is the foundation of society and the country’s development. Through the analysis of the social increase and decrease and the natural increase and decrease in the population increase and decrease from the Edo period to the Heisei period in Japan， it is found that the several wars launched by Japan in modern times have a great impact on the population and structure. On the one hand， it shows the movement of children and young adults before， during and after the war， and on the other hand， the formation of baby boomers after the war. The return of overseas migrants， the post-war baby boomers， and the legacy of war times have led to the aging of Japan’s population， which has caused the shortage of labor， the shortage of pension services， and excessive pension expenditures leading to a serious situation with a deficit. In light of the current situation of the aging population in Japan and historical reasons， it is recommended to be cautious in dealing with international refugees and the lenient naturalization system.

TheChineseAwarenessofRohanKoodaintheContextofWar

Shang Qian

In this paper, Kooda Rohan’s works and texts related to China are investigated in the context of Sino-Japanese war which was an extremely exceptional history. In this way， the author tries to be closer to the complex forms and connotation of Koda Rohan’s awareness to China, who was previously regarded as “a Japanese literatus with moral integrity” and “non-war” writer. It can be said that Koda Rohan’s awareness to China and the war is closely related to his attitude towards the political situation at that time and Japan. In the war, he has shown silence, compromise, vacillating and even being manipulated. And the contradiction of his attitude to the war has influenced his Chinese research and creation related to China to some extent. This paper expects to restore a historical truth, so as to provide a valuable perspective which can be helpful in objectively evaluating Kooda Rohan’s numerous works, research and translation related to China and a reference for the in-depth study of the literary research in the period of the Anti-Japanese War.

OntheNileGodHapyinAncientEgypt

Li Mo

The Nile is the mother river of Egypt. People worship it， and gradually evolve into the personified Nile god. Hapy is recognized as the Nile god. In the relics of the sculpture and painting， we can see the image of Hapy， understand the imagination and will of ancient Egyptian. As the Nile God， Hapy governs the waters of the Nile， and with the evolution of Hapy， it relates to other gods， eventually changes into an almighty god. His worship can not only make us imagine the grand scenes of ancient Egyptians offering sacrifices to the Nile， but also an indirect reflection of the life of ancient Egyptians. The Nile not only affects the mode of production of the Egyptians， but also affects the life and society of the Egyptians.

AStudyontheEgyptianizationofForeignersinAncientEgyptduringtheNewKingdom

Xu Hao

Foreigners entered into Egypt in various ways during New Kingdom Period. As an important ethnic group， they are wildly distributed in various strata of Egyptian Society. In order to accommodate to social and cultural environment of Egypt， these foreigners imitated Egyptian language and kinds of customs which indicates the feature of Egyptianization. To a certain extent， foreigner’s progress for Egyptianization earned Egyptians’ recognition， and developed adaptability to Egyptian society. However， the foreigners’ characteristic did not disappear completely. Actually， foreigner’s Egyptianization may not a unidirectional progress of acculturation， but a procedure of cultural hybridity between foreigners and Egyptians.

Revisitingthe‘Weltpolitik’duringtheLateDeutschEmpireII:ADiscussionCenteredonSeaPowerTheory

Cao Qiang

The grand strategy during Wilhelm II von Deutschland’s reign in Deutsch Empire II， known as “Weltpolitik”， aimed at pursuing the sea hegemony and overseas colonies. From the end of the Nineteenth Century， Deutsch Empire II began to develop its maritime power， and embarked on a competition with Great Britain for the supremacy upon the sea. The excessive expansion of the Deutsch Empire II eventually led to the collapse of the equilibrium in Europe and consequently made the Deutsch Empire II hastily involved in the First World War without good preparation. To some extent， the subsequent defeat on land proved that Germany， as a typical rimland power， is not suitable for the excessive pursuit of sea power considering its natural conditions. Territory security is more critical to the survival of this country. Due to the limitation of resources， it is difficult for a curtain country to extend its land power and maritime power at the same time. Therefore， for those countries like Germany， how to balance land power and sea power become a key question when they devise their grand strategy.

TheHistoricalProcessandLessonsofAmericanConstructionofModernMoralCulture

Wu Tong

The historical process of American construction of modern moral culture is the process of continuous engaging in global affairs and establishing moral order worldwide. It has experienced five stages: the preliminary exploring period， the overall expansion period， the reflective reconstruction period， the period of global hegemony， and the period of hesitance. It has formed unique historical experience in the development strategy， operation mode and construction mode of modern moral culture. At the same time， it is facing the increasingly prominent social conflicts， contradictions of moral and cultural identity， contradictions of internal democracy and external hegemony. Systematic analysis and profound reflection on the experience and lessons of the American construction of modern moral culture are of great significance for the development of modern moral culture and the promotion of cultural soft power in China.

AStudyoftheCooperationandDevelopmentProspectsbetweenJapanandtheMiddleEastinNewEnergyField

Chen Xi and Bai Xue

On the basis of energy security， Japan has paid high attention on its cooperation with the Middle East countries. As the landscape of global energy has been changing in recent years， the Middle East has witnessed an increase in the demand for energies， which pushes Japan to fit the times and actively cooperate with it in terms of new energy. This thesis is to sort out the background， current situation and trend of their cooperation based on the analysis of new trends and data. Results show that Japan’s guiding principles of “joint efforts of the public and private sectors” and its focus on scientific and technical output has played a crucial role in the cooperation. The thesis also points out that the cooperation between the two is durable and strategic by nature and has significant implications for China’s cooperation with Middle East countries with higher efficiency.

AfghanistanandIran’sNon-traditionalSecurityIssue

Luo Yi

Iran and Afghanistan are neighboring countries with close geopolitical， economic， cultural， religious and linguistic ties. Whenever in history or at present， the two countries’ destinies have been bound closely. Since Afghanistan seceded from Persian Empire to present， it has experiencedthree Anglo-Afghan wars， resistance war against the Soviet Union， Civil War， Afghanistan war and US Drawdown. Throughout Afghan history， it is a history with wars. As Afghanistan’s neighbor， Iran has never been free from the consequences resulted from the wars. Particularly in the past three decades since the Soviet Union’s Withdrawal， Iran has been suffering from non-traditional security threats like drugs， refugees and water resources conflict with Afghanistan. To cope with these threats， Iran has tried every possible means， but it seems futile. In accordance with the current situation， the non-traditional security threats would not be possibly removed if Afghanistan’s peace and security could not be guaranteed.

IntegratedBuildingandSeparatedDeconstructionofNation-statesinLinguisticNationalism

Xu Lin and Wang xingang

Linguistic nationalism attracts many attentions in modern and contemporary history. It originated in Europe and spread all over the world. Linguistic nationalism has both function of integrated building and effect of separated deconstruction on nation-states. It played a very important role when European nation-states came into being. In the post-colonial era in Asia and Africa， linguistic nationalism also played important functions. Although separated linguistic nationalism is diversified in models and it has complex relations with other types of separatism， they have common essence， i.e. demanding for separation and split. There is no space for linguistic nationalism in China， but the groups and their separating activities hiding under the veil of language should be watched.

TheEducationalOriginsofCivilizationInteractionsandMutualLearning:WorldCitizenshipEducation’sIdeologicalDevelopmentProcess

Song Qiang

In the new era， the concept of “community of common destiny for all mankind” issued by General Secretary Xi Jinping has gradually been widely accepted and recognized by the world， It has contributed to China’s wisdom and provided the Chinese solution to solve global problems. Since ancient Greece， the ideology and educational practice on civilization interactions and mutual learning come from “community of common destiny for all mankind” has started， developing with the representation of “world citizenship” and “world citizenship education”. We can explore the global practice methods on“build community of common destiny for all mankind”， through sorting out the development skeleton of world citizenship education’s ideological trend from ancient ideal to contemporary in-depth development. The development skeleton of world citizenship education’s ideologies can be divided to “three periods and seven steps”， every periods and steps has its representative characteristics of ideology and the times. undoubtedly， the ideologies of world citizenship education have become ideological trend both theories and practice.

TheTheoreticalConstructionofTourismundertheInfluenceofWesternViewsbytheScholarsoftheRepublicofChina

Zhou Bo and Han Binna

The theory of tourism in modern China emerged under the influence of western experience and theory. Since 1930, scholars in the Republic of China have widely used western tourism theories for reference to explore the development of international inbound tourism. In the course of learning from the western experience and exploring the localization theory for almost 20 years, the scholars of the Republic of China have experienced three stages. Firstly, describing the phenomena and summing up the experiences of other countries in the development of tourism. Secondly, discussing the multiple values of tourism development and the specific paths as publicity, solicitation and reception, etc. Thirdly, the construction stage of the localization theory of tourism represented by the book ofTheoryandPracticeofTourismwritten by She Guitang. Construction the localization tourism theory by using the western theory for reference is a cross-footnote of the cultural exchange between East and West, and is a sign of transformation of China’s social modernization.

AnAnalysisofItalianVerismoOperaArtAestheticsandItsFormingFactors

Chen Xiaowei

Compared to the classical and romantic opera，Italian verismo opera in the 19th century has different aesthetic characteristics. The unique expression of “song” and “play” manifests the verismo artistic characteristics；the formation of artistic aesthetics undoubtedly has its internal and external factors and motives. Analyzing its artistic aesthetic and its forming factors of Italian verismo opera， not only help us understand its historical position deeply， but also bring enlightenment to contemporary opera more.