Module 10 Units 3—4單元點(diǎn)撥

吳濤

Unit 3

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯

1. abrupt

【原句再現(xiàn)】 He hears an abrupt scream. ... （P34，L3） 他突然聽(tīng)到一聲尖叫……

【點(diǎn)撥】 adj. 突然的，意外的;唐突無(wú)禮的

Excuse me for my abrupt question. 請(qǐng)?jiān)徫疫@個(gè)唐突的問(wèn)題。

【拓展】 abruptness n. 突然;唐突;粗魯無(wú)禮; abruptly adv. 突然地，意外地

The path ends off abruptly. 這條路突然到頭了。

2. weep（wept， wept）

【原句再現(xiàn)】 He knows the meaning of the scream but—too numb with sorrow to weep. ... （P34，L3） 他知道這聲尖叫的含義——但他對(duì)悲傷太麻木了，以至于都沒(méi)有哭泣……

【點(diǎn)撥】 vi. 哭泣，流淚;n. 一陣哭泣

She wanted to laugh and weep all at once. 她哭笑不得。

But be wanted： Youll read it and weep. 但是提醒一句：你閱讀它，可能會(huì)流淚。

【拓展】 weep for / over...為……而哭泣;weep to see...因?yàn)榭吹健奁?a weeping willow垂柳;a weeping pipe滴水管;a weeping day雨天

3. cure

【原句再現(xiàn)】 So far， there is no cure for Aids. （P34，L12）目前艾滋病沒(méi)有治愈的方法。

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） cure n. 治療，療法;痊愈

Aspirin is a wonderful cure for colds.

2） cure vt. 治愈

I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder.

【拓展】 cure與treat的區(qū)別：用作動(dòng)詞，兩者都可表示“治療”，但含義有區(qū)別：cure通常強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，指治愈某種疾病或某人的疾病;而treat則通常強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，指對(duì)病人進(jìn)行診斷和治療，但不含治好的意思。

This medicine will cure your cough.

The dentist is treating my teeth.

其實(shí)cure和treat所搭配的介詞也不同。

The doctors cured her of cancer.

Which doctor is treating you for your illness？

短語(yǔ)：beyond cure 不可救藥

4. contrary

【原句再現(xiàn)】 Contrary to what many people think， ... （P34，L23）與許多人想象的不同，……

【點(diǎn)撥】 adj. 相反的（常作定語(yǔ)）; n. 相反（事物）

The plane is flying a contrary direction. 飛機(jī)向相反的方向飛去。

【拓展】 by contraries 與預(yù)期的相反

Many things in our lives go by contraries.我們的生活中有不少事與愿違的事情。

on the contrary 正相反，與此相反

Its not an idea around which we can unite. On the contrary， I see it as one that will divide us. 這不是一個(gè)可以讓我們團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)的主意。恰恰相反，我看它會(huì)分裂我們。

contrary to 與……相反

Contrary to popular belief， proper exercise actually decreases your appetite. 與大部分人的想法相反，適度的運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)際上會(huì)降低食欲。

5. familiar

【原句再現(xiàn)】 Although most people are familiar with Aids and how it is spread， ... （P34，L26） 雖然很多人都熟悉艾滋病及其傳播方式，……

【點(diǎn)撥】 adj. 熟悉的，親切友好的，親密的

I like to wander through familiar streets. 我喜歡閑逛穿過(guò)熟悉的街道。

【拓展】 sb. be familiar with sth. 某人對(duì)某事熟悉;sth. be familiar to sb. 某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的

Most of us are familiar with the four great inventions in ancient China. 我們大多數(shù)人熟悉中國(guó)的四大發(fā)明。

Your name is familiar to me. 你的名字我是熟悉的。

6. conclude

【原句再現(xiàn)】 To conclude， Aids education is the best way. ... （P41b） 最后，防治艾滋病的教育是……最佳方法。

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） 表示“結(jié)束”，可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“以某種方式結(jié)束”通常與介詞 with， by 等連用。

To conclude， I wish you all good health and a long life.

2） 表示“斷定”或“推出”，是及物動(dòng)詞，但通常只接 that 從句或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（且不定式只能是 to be 型）作賓語(yǔ)，通常不接簡(jiǎn)單賓語(yǔ)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

The doctor concluded that the patients disease was cancer.

3） 表示“決定”，其后通常接不定式或 that 從句。

We concluded to wait for fair weather. / We concluded that we would wait for fair weather.

4） 期刊雜志等在連載文章時(shí)，表示“待續(xù)”用to be continued，表示“下期續(xù)完”用to be concluded，表示“全部載完”則通常用concluded。

【拓展】 conclude的名詞是conclusion，其短語(yǔ)有： arrive at a conclusion=come to a conclusion=draw a conclusion得出結(jié)論;in conclusion 在結(jié)束時(shí);to conclude最后一句話

7. additional

【原句再現(xiàn)】 It is hard for Aids patients to suffer the additional pain. ...（P41h）艾滋病患者難以承受……額外的痛苦。

【點(diǎn)撥】 adj. 另外的， 附加的，額外的

It will take an additional week to complete the task.

【拓展】 1） n. addition 加;附加

Our baby brother is an addition to our family.

詞組：in addition to除此以外，另外

2） additional的動(dòng)詞add所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：

① add to 增加，加強(qiáng)

The bad weather added to our difficulties.

② add up to 總計(jì)達(dá)，總共是;等于;意味著，看來(lái)實(shí)際是……;總體來(lái)說(shuō)

All his school education added up to no more than one year.

③ add up 加起來(lái)，總計(jì)

At the exits polite assistants will take the goods and add up the cost.

④ add... to把……加到……

【高考真題】 There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.（2006北京卷）

8. promote

【原句再現(xiàn)】 Several months later， Mrs Tang was promoted at work.（P43）幾個(gè)月后，唐女士工作上得到了提拔。

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt. ① 提升，提拔

Our English teacher has been promoted to headmaster.

② 宣傳，推銷（商品）

Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？

③ 促進(jìn)，發(fā)揚(yáng)

We should promote world peace.我們應(yīng)該促進(jìn)世界和平。

【拓展】 adj. promotable

This is a promotable property. 這是一個(gè)可提升的屬性。

n. promotion / promoter

二、重點(diǎn)詞組

1. die of

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...his mother has just died of Aids， the same disease that took his father.（P34，L3）...他媽媽剛剛死于艾滋病，正是同樣的疾病奪走了他爸爸的生命。

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） die from 死于……，因……而死

He died from a heart attack.

2） die of 死于……，因……而死

The animals died of starvation in the snow.

【拓展】 關(guān)于 die from 與 die of 的區(qū)別：若死因存在于人體之上或之內(nèi)，一般用介詞 of;若死因不是存在人體之內(nèi)或之上，而是由環(huán)境造成的，則一般用介詞 from。

3） be dying for sth. （to do sth.） 迫切想要（做）某事

She is dying to be thin.

4） die away （聲音、風(fēng)、光線等）漸息，漸弱

The noise of the motorcar died away.

5） die down （慢慢）熄滅，平靜下來(lái)

After the excitement of the audience died down， the speaker restarted his speech.

【高考真題】 Though the wind ， the rain remains steady， so you still need a raincoat.（2006年湖北卷）

A. turned up B. gone back

C. died down D. blown out

【答案】 C。

【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。die down（火焰、風(fēng)暴、疼痛）等減弱、減低，覺(jué)察不到。

6） die off 一個(gè)一個(gè)地死去 （= die one by one）。As the widow was still middleaged， her relatives all died off.

7） die out （家族、種族、習(xí)俗、觀念等）滅絕，絕跡。Many old customs are dying out.

2. burst

【原句再現(xiàn)】 However， since the disease burst on the scene in the 1980s， ...（P34，L28） 但是，自從艾滋病在二十世紀(jì)八十年代突然爆發(fā)以來(lái)，……

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） be bursting to do sth. 急于要做某事

He was bursting to tell her the news.

2） burst forth 突然出現(xiàn)，突然爆發(fā)出，突然喊出

Flames burst forth from the ceiling.

3） burst into ① 突然闖入 Two masked men burst into the school.

② 突然……起來(lái) She burst into tears / laughter=burst out crying / laughing.

4） burst out：① 大聲叫喊 “I dont believe that”， he burst out.注：這樣用的 burst out 與 burst forth 同義。② 突然……起來(lái)She burst out crying / laughing. 注：這樣用的 burst out 后通常接動(dòng)名詞。

5） burst in upon sb. 突然出現(xiàn)在某人面前

The police burst in upon the murderer and arrested him. 警察突然出現(xiàn)在那個(gè)兇手面前并且逮捕了他。

3. devote

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ... has devoted himself to bringing uptodate technology and international attention to Chinas Aids problem. （P35，L39） ...一直致力于向中國(guó)引進(jìn)最新技術(shù)，引起國(guó)際對(duì)中國(guó)艾滋病問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） devote ones life / time / money / energy to （doing） sth. 把……獻(xiàn)給……;把……用在……

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

2） devote oneself to sb. （doing sth.）

① 獻(xiàn)身于或致力于 （做） 某事 After graduation he continued to devote himself to research.

② 專用于 He devoted all his time to his job.

③ 喜歡，熱愛(ài) She devoted herself to tabletennis in her teens.

【拓展】 devoted adj.; devotedly adv.; devotion n.

be devoted to （doing） sth. ① 致力于，獻(xiàn)身于The students are devoted to their studies.

② 專用于 This dictionary is devoted to explaining word usage.

③ 喜歡，疼愛(ài) The couple were devoted to each other.

Her devotion to the cause of education is well known. 她對(duì)教育事業(yè)的獻(xiàn)身精神是眾所周知的。

4. provide... with

【原句再現(xiàn)】 UNAIDS provides people with HIV testing and HIV or aids medical care. （P35，L45） 聯(lián)合國(guó)艾滋病規(guī)劃署為人們提供艾滋病病毒檢測(cè)以及艾滋病及艾滋病病毒的醫(yī)療服務(wù)。

【點(diǎn)撥】 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供某人某物

She did all she could to provide us with every facility.= She did all she could to provide every facility for us.她想方設(shè)法為我們提供一切方便。

【拓展】 supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. for sb.;offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.

5. have access to

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ... because their mother had access to prescription Aids medicines...（P35，L55）……由于他們的媽媽使用了處方艾滋病藥物……

【點(diǎn)撥】 have access to 得以接近;得以進(jìn)入;得以使用

Every student in our school has access to the library. 在我們學(xué)校每位學(xué)生都可利用圖書(shū)館。

Before liberation， the working people had no access to education. 解放前勞動(dòng)人民沒(méi)有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。

6. end in

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ... but it often ends in a messy situation. 但常常是以糟糕的境地而結(jié)束。

【點(diǎn)撥】 end in 以……告終

end in bubbles終成泡影;The meeting ended in disorder.會(huì)議在一片混亂中結(jié)束。

【拓展】 end up doing sth. 結(jié)果……，最終……

They were going to a concert， but ended up watching TV at home.他們?cè)?jì)劃去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，但結(jié)果卻在家看電視。

end up with 以……告終

He ended up his speech with a short poem. 他朗誦了一首短詩(shī)結(jié)束他的演講。

Unit 4

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯

1. involve

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...， requires great effort and involves many countries working together. （P50，L5）……需要極大的努力并牽涉到各國(guó)的通力合作。

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt. ① 卷，裹;包圍，圍住 Fog involved the village.

② 使專注，使忙于（后面常跟介詞in連用）

I was involved in a research project.

③ 與……直接有關(guān) This problem is closely involved with the management of the company.

【高考真題】 Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which spending quite a lot of time with students.（2013福建卷24）

A. enjoys B. involves

C. practices D. suggests

【解析】 B?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。A. 喜歡;B. 需要，包含;C. 練習(xí);D. 建議;暗示。句意為：Michelle找到一份做高中教師的工作，需要花很多時(shí)間與學(xué)生在一起。故答案選B。

【拓展】 n. involvement 牽連，參與;加入;財(cái)政困難;牽連的事務(wù)

My personal involvement with him and his family is deep.

2. download

【原句再現(xiàn)】 First， the Council lists crimes related to a lack of proper Internet security， such as downloading or deleting other peoples files without permission， and spreading computer viruses. （P50，L8） 首先，歐洲議會(huì)列出了侵犯正當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的犯罪，如未經(jīng)允許下載或刪除別人的文件和傳播電腦病毒。

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt. & n. 下載

Where can I download it？ 我從哪里可以下載它？

Do you need to upload or download data？ 你需要上傳還是下載數(shù)據(jù)嗎？

Here you can see the information and then select your download link. 在這里，你可以看到信息，然后選擇你的下載鏈接。

【高考真題】 Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently.（2015浙江卷5）

A. produce B. pronounce

C. process D. download

【解析】 C。句意：研究已經(jīng)表明，左耳和右耳處理聲音是不同的。A.生產(chǎn)或制造;B.發(fā)音;C.處理;D.下載。該題考查的是詞義辨析，4個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思都非常的不一樣，所以在作答的時(shí)候，要將每一個(gè)單詞都代入空格進(jìn)行翻譯，找出最佳答案。根據(jù)常識(shí)，耳朵不能夠生產(chǎn)或制造，不能發(fā)音，更不可能下載。所以答案只能是“處理”聲音，也就是C。

3. assess

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...as it helps us assess the problem of cybercrime. （P50，L17）……因?yàn)檫@可以幫助我們?cè)u(píng)估網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪問(wèn)題。

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt. ① （為征稅）估定（財(cái)產(chǎn)）的價(jià)值（后面常接介詞at）

This is the house assessed at two million dollars.

② 確定（稅、罰款、賠償金等）的金額

After the accident the damage was assessed at ￡5 billion.

③ 對(duì)……進(jìn)行估價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)

Her needs were assessed at 3000 yuan a month.

【拓展】 n. assessment

Assessment is changing for many reasons.

4. confidential

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ... the company cant protect their confidential information or their money.（P51，L38）……公司不能保護(hù)他們的機(jī)密信息或者他們的錢(qián)財(cái)。

【點(diǎn)撥】 adj. 機(jī)密的，秘密的

a confidential order密令;confidential information機(jī)密情報(bào)

【拓展】 ① confidentially adv. ②形似詞confident adj. 有信心的，自信的 a confident manner充滿信心的態(tài)度;be confident of success=be confident that one can succeed確信成功;confidently adv.;confidence n. 信心，信任;自信。相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：enjoy / have ones confidence得到某人的信任;be in ones confidence被某人信任;have / place confidence in sb.信任某人;take sb. into ones confidence把某人當(dāng)作知心人

【高考真題】 Only five years after Steve Jobs death， smartphones defeated PCs in sales. （2017江蘇卷29）

A. controversial B. contradictory

C. confidential D. conventional

【解析】 D?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。A. controversial有爭(zhēng)議的;B. contradictory對(duì)立的，相互矛盾的;C. confidential機(jī)密的，秘密的;D. conventional傳統(tǒng)的。句意：智能手機(jī)在銷量上打敗了傳統(tǒng)的個(gè)人電腦，故選D。

5. suspect

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...most countries do not have arrangements for dealing with suspects from other countries...（P51，L44）……大多數(shù)國(guó)家都沒(méi)有針對(duì)他國(guó)嫌犯的處理手段。

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt. 懷疑 suspect + sth. / sb. of （doing） sth. / that從句 / sb. to be...。

He suspected a plot against his life.

I suspect that he is a thief. = I suspect him to be a thief.

She suspected him of taking her money.

【拓展1】 n. 可疑對(duì)象，嫌疑犯

The detective followed the suspect for three days. 偵探跟蹤嫌疑犯三天了。

【拓展2】 adj. 可疑的，不可信的

Some of the evidence they offered was highly suspect. 他們提供的一些證據(jù)非?？梢?。

6. request

【原句再現(xiàn)】 Visitors are requested to shut the door quietly. （P57） 參觀者被要求輕輕地把門(mén)關(guān)上。

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt. 要求，請(qǐng)求，請(qǐng)求給予。用法：①+to do sth. She requested to go alone.她要求自己一個(gè)人去。②+sb. to do sth. I request her to go alone. 我要求她自己一個(gè)人去。Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.參觀者請(qǐng)勿觸摸展品。③+賓語(yǔ)從句（動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should可省略） I request that she should go alone.

【拓展】 n. 要求，請(qǐng)求

They made a request that the prisoner should be set free. 他們要求釋放犯人。

You shall have your request. 你將得到你所要求的東西。

常用短語(yǔ)：

① at sb.s request 應(yīng)某人的要求（或請(qǐng)求）

He came at my request. 他應(yīng)我的請(qǐng)求而來(lái)。

② by request （of） 應(yīng)（……的）要求（或請(qǐng)求）

Buses stop here by request. 這里是公共汽車招呼點(diǎn)。

③ in request 為人們所需要，受歡迎

He is in request in concert halls all over the world. 他在全世界的音樂(lè)廳都受歡迎。

This kind of cell phone is in great request. 這種手機(jī)需求很大。

④ on / upon request 一經(jīng)要求

Application forms are available on request.有申請(qǐng)表格備索。

【高考真題】 ① —Go and say sorry to your Mom， Dave.（2015江蘇卷35）

—Id like to， but Im afraid she wont be happy with my .

A. requests B. excuses

C. apologies D. regrets

【解析】 C。句意：——Dave，去跟你的媽媽道歉。 ——我想這樣做，但是我擔(dān)心她對(duì)我的道歉不滿意。A.請(qǐng)求;B.借口;C.道歉;D.遺憾，后悔。故選C項(xiàng)。

② We most prefer to say yes to the of someone we know and like. （2014浙江卷6）

A. attempts B. requests

C. doubts D. promises

【解析】 B。句意：對(duì)于我們認(rèn)識(shí)和喜歡的人的請(qǐng)求，我們大多喜歡說(shuō)可以。A. attempts嘗試;B. requests請(qǐng)求;C. doubts 懷疑;D. promises承諾。根據(jù)句意選B。

7. considerate

【原句再現(xiàn)】 I realize now what I did was not very considerate. （P59） 我現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到我做的事情欠考慮。

【點(diǎn)撥】 adj. 體貼的，體諒的;深思熟慮的;慎重的

It was very considerate of you to send me a birthday card.

【拓展1】 considerable， considerate的區(qū)別和用法：considerable， considerate這是一對(duì)形近易混的一組形容詞。

considerable相當(dāng)大的，相當(dāng)多的;值得考慮的。

He has been ill for a considerable time.

considerate 考慮周到的，體貼的，后面常跟of結(jié)構(gòu)。

She is always considerate of others; she is kind and sympathetic.

【拓展2】 consider vt. 主要有以下四種用法：

1） 作“思考、考慮”（=think about） 解，后面可接動(dòng)名詞、由“how， what等 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”或者從句作賓語(yǔ)。但要特別注意：consider后面不能直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。

They are considering going to Nanjing for the Spring Festival.

Have you considered how to get there？

2） consider 還可作“顧慮到、顧及、體諒” （=take into account）解。這時(shí)其后用名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

All of you should consider the feelings of other people.

3） 作“認(rèn)為，以為，覺(jué)得”（=be of the opinion， regard as）解時(shí)，后面多接賓語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)一般不接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

I consider that he is fit for the position of the manager.

consider作“認(rèn)為”解時(shí)，后面還可以接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)和一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，但這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不定式主要是 “to be + 名詞/形容詞”;有時(shí)也可以是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)這種不定式多用完成時(shí)。

They consider Jim （as / to be） their best teacher class.

I consider her to have done wonderfully in the final exam.

注：consider作“認(rèn)為”解時(shí)，后面偶爾也出現(xiàn)接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的情況，不過(guò)這時(shí)大都用形式賓語(yǔ)it，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)后移。

Do you consider it wise to interfere？ 你覺(jué)得干預(yù)是明智的嗎？

4） 固定結(jié)構(gòu)“consider... as / to be + 名詞/形容詞”多側(cè)重于表示經(jīng)過(guò)思考“認(rèn)為……是……”。

We consider his suggestion as having possibilities.

【拓展3】 considering當(dāng)介詞和連詞用，表示“就……而論，照……說(shuō)來(lái)，鑒于;考慮到”。

He is strong considering his age.

8. import

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...to make sure that youre not trying to import pirated goods，...（P62，L29）……以確保你沒(méi)有企圖攜帶侵權(quán)物品入境，……。

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） vt. 進(jìn)口，輸入;引進(jìn);含有……意思，意味著

Many countries import wool from Australia.

2） n. ① 進(jìn)口，輸入 Some of the long words in English dictionaries are imports from other languages.

② 進(jìn)口商品 Electronic products are the major import from Japan.

③ 意義，含義 The import of his remarks was that we should work harder.

④ 重要性，重大 This is a question of great import.

【拓展】 import的反義詞：export 出口，輸出;傳播，輸出（思想或活動(dòng)）

English has been newly exported to that area.

二、重要短語(yǔ)

1. relate...to

【原句再現(xiàn)】 Cybercrime refers to any criminal offence related to the Internet.（P50，L7） 網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪指任何與因特網(wǎng)相關(guān)的犯罪行為。

【點(diǎn)撥】 relate...to / with sth. 把……與……聯(lián)系起來(lái)

It is hard to relate these results with any known cause.這些結(jié)果很難與任何已知的原因聯(lián)系在一起。

【拓展】 be related to 和……有聯(lián)系，和……有關(guān);with / in relation to 有關(guān);涉及

What he does cant be related to what he says. 他做的和說(shuō)的無(wú)法聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

【高考真題】 Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.（2017江蘇卷32）

A. in contrast to B. in defense of

C. in face of D. in relation to

【解析】 D?？疾榻樵~短語(yǔ)。A. in contrast to對(duì)比，截然不同;B. in defense of為……辯護(hù);C. in face of面對(duì);D. in relation to與……有關(guān)。句意：根據(jù)周圍的環(huán)境辨別方位仍然是我們生存的一項(xiàng)極其重要的技能。故選D。

2. break into

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...had had their security systems broken into in the previous year.（P50，L27）……他們的安全系統(tǒng)在前一年遭到入侵。

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） break away （from） ① 突然逃掉或離開(kāi) The thief broke away from the policeman.

② 斷絕往來(lái)，脫離 He broke away from all his old friends.

③ 改掉（舊習(xí)慣），破除（舊作法） You must break away from such old habits.

2） break down ① （機(jī)器、車輛等）壞了 My car broke down after an hours driving.

② （計(jì)劃、談判等）失敗 Their plans have broken down.

③ （談話、通訊等）中斷 He broke down as he was calling.

④ （健康、精神等）變壞 Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

【高考真題】 Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks in disasters.（2013福建卷28）

A. turn down B. turn out

C. break down D. break out

【解析】 C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A. 調(diào)小，拒絕;B. 結(jié)果證明……;C. 出故障，分解;D. 爆發(fā)。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)發(fā)生災(zāi)難無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)無(wú)法使用的時(shí)候，老式的電話就有作用了。故答案為C。

【高考真題】 He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead， because the airconditioning system . （2012陜西卷19）

A. broke in B. broke up

C. broke out D. broke down

【解析】 D?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。break in打斷;闖入;開(kāi)始工作;break up結(jié)束，散開(kāi);分解;break out爆發(fā);break down崩潰，垮掉;出毛病;拋錨。題干意思是：他時(shí)不時(shí)地停下來(lái)擦去額頭的汗水，因?yàn)榭照{(diào)出毛病了。選D。

3） break in ① 突然進(jìn)來(lái)，強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入 He broke in and stole her jewels.

② 插嘴，打岔 Please dont break in on our conversation.

4） break into ① 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入 The thieves planned to break into a bank.

② 突然……起來(lái) The man broke into a run when he saw the police.

③ 打斷，插嘴 He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning.

④ 占用時(shí)間 Social activities break into my time.

【拓展1】 break into 與 break in 有時(shí)可表示相同的意思，但前者通常為及物的，后者通常為不及物的。

5） break off ① 停止講話 He broke off in the middle of a sentence.

② 暫停，休息 Lets break up for a rest.

③ （使）折斷 The mast has （been） broken off.

6） break out （火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）突然發(fā)生或爆發(fā)

The American Civil War broke out in 1860.

【拓展2】 break out是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以不能帶賓語(yǔ)，也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

7） break through ① 突破，有重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)見(jiàn)

Scientists are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.

② 克服，征服 You must try to break through your shyness.

③ 強(qiáng)行穿過(guò)（進(jìn)入） The enemys defences were strong but our soldiers broke through.

【拓展3】 break through有時(shí)指太陽(yáng)、月亮等從云層里出來(lái)。The sun broke through at noon.

8） break up ① 解散，驅(qū)散 The police broke up the crowd.

② （學(xué)校等）放假 When do you break up for Christmas？

③ 結(jié)束，破裂 The weather shows signs of breaking up.

④ 擊碎，撞碎 The ship broke up on the rocks.

⑤ 絕交 Shes just broken up with her boyfriend.

3. a / the key to sth. or doing sth. （做）某事的關(guān)鍵

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...， would no doubt agree that teamwork is a key to dealing with cybercrime， ... （P51，L57）

以to作為介詞的短語(yǔ)歸納：the key to the bike 自行車鑰匙; the answer to Exercise One練習(xí)一的答案;a secretary to the managing director 總經(jīng)理的秘書(shū);the words to a tune 一致的言語(yǔ)

the entrance to the park 通向公園的入口;the way to my home通向我家的路;the only access to the library 到圖書(shū)館的唯一通路

4. belong to

【原句再現(xiàn)】 One of the conditions of belonging to the organization... （P62，L28） 加入該組織的條件之一……

【點(diǎn)撥】 表示“屬于”

The English book belongs to me.=The English book is mine.

【俚語(yǔ)】 擁有

Who belongs to the English book？ 這本英語(yǔ)書(shū)是誰(shuí)的？

【拓展1】 belong to可引申指“是……的成員”。

Do you belong to the tennis club？

【拓展2】 belong to 沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

【拓展3】 belonging n. [常用復(fù)數(shù)] 所有物，行李

It didnt take me long to arrange my belongings.整理行李沒(méi)花去我多少時(shí)間。

5. put into effect

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...these laws must be put into effect by member countries.（P62，L28）

【點(diǎn)撥】 實(shí)行、實(shí)現(xiàn)、實(shí)施

The new system will soon be put into effect.

【拓展1】 put into effect的近義詞組：put into practice實(shí)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)

It is time to put into practice the things you have learned.

【拓展2】 put短語(yǔ)歸納：put aside 存錢(qián);put away 放好，收起來(lái);存錢(qián);put an end to 結(jié)束;put back 把 （鐘） 撥慢;推遲;阻礙;put down 撲滅，平息，鎮(zhèn)壓;放下;put forward 提出;put into 插入;譯成;put off 延期，拖延;put on 上演;穿戴;put on weight 長(zhǎng)胖;put out 熄滅，撲滅;伸出，拿出;put sb. to bed 打發(fā)某人睡覺(jué);put sb. to the trouble of 麻煩某人做;put up 掛起，張貼;舉起，抬起;建造，搭起;為某人提供膳宿;put up with 忍受，容忍;put ones heart into 用心去做

【高考真題】 At the last moment， Tom decided to a new character to make the story seem more likely. （2013全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷30）

A. put up B. put in

C. put on D. put off

【解析】 B。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)句意，Tom為了使故事看起來(lái)更加具有可能性，他加入了一個(gè)新角色。

【高考真題】 You had better some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.（2012福建卷29）

A. set aside B. take up

C. put away D. give out

【解析】 A。根據(jù)后半句so that you can keep yourself energetic可知上半句應(yīng)該是建議對(duì)方要多留出時(shí)間進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)，set aside留出，撥出;take up占據(jù)，從事;put away收拾好;give out發(fā)出，分發(fā)，根據(jù)句意只能選擇A項(xiàng)。

【高考真題】 Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can almost every word her teacher says. （2012全國(guó)卷27）

A. put out B. put down

C. put away D. put together

【解析】 B?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。put out熄滅;put down記下，寫(xiě)下;put away收拾好;put together放在一起。句意：Mary非常擅長(zhǎng)在課上記筆記。她能把老師說(shuō)的每個(gè)詞寫(xiě)下來(lái)。

（作者：吳濤，南京市第三高級(jí)中學(xué)）