安徽有花植物四新種

王德群，慶 兆，謝 晉，程銘恩，張 玲

(1.安徽中醫(yī)藥大學(xué) 藥學(xué)院，安徽 合肥 230031；2.安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué) 藥學(xué)院，安徽 合肥 230038)

近年來，在開展安徽藥用植物普查中，我們采集到大量有花植物標(biāo)本，經(jīng)過深入鑒定之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)堇菜科Violaceae、桔梗科Campanulaceae、鴨跖草科Commelinaceae的四新種。

1 堇菜科Violaceae

安徽堇菜 圖1

Viola anhuiensis M. E. Cheng, D. Q. Wang & K. Zhang, sp. nov.

Species nova haec est arcte affinisV.collinaeBess., quae herbis in sylvis ad declivitates collium habitantibus, stolonibus nullis, foliorum laminis cordatis apice acutis, pedicellis brevioribus 3—4 mm longis, floribus cleistogamis nullis differt.

Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizomes subterete, ca. 2.5 mm across, with numerous long slender roots, at apex often shortly furcately branched; stolons slender, whitish, at nodes rooting. Leaves 5—8, all basal, long petiolate; blades papery, reniform, rarely reiniform-cordate, 0.6—4 cm long, 1—6 cm wide, apex rounded, rarely slightly acute, base cordate, margin crenate or denticulate; surfaces adaxially and abaxially densely appressed-puberulous (hairs 0.2—0.6 mm long); petioles 3—14 cm long, retrorsely puberulous; stipules membranous, linear, ca. 1 cm long, with base adnate to petiole, margin sparsely fimbriate-denticulate. Pedicel slender, 3—6 cm long, glabrous,with 2 opposite linear bracts. Flower zygomorphic. Sepals 5, oblong, ca. 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, glabrous, longitudinally 3-nerved, basal appendices deltoid, ca. 1 mm long. Petals 5, light blue, narrowly obovate, ca. 10 mm long, 5 mm wide, glabrous, spur ca. 6 mm long. Stamens 5, glabrous, without filaments; anthers oblong, 2 mm long; connective 1.4—1.8 mm long, with a ovate projection; spurs 4 mm long, Pistil included; ovary broadly ovoid, ca. 1.2 mm long, 1.6 mm in diam., densely glandular; style clavate, 2.2 mm long, glabrous, apex with small hooked stigma. Capsule subglobose, 5—6 mm in diam., purple-maculate, puberulous. Seeds ovoid or globose,2.5 mm long, yellow-white.

多年生草本，無地上莖。根狀莖近圓柱形，粗約2.5 mm，生有多數(shù)細(xì)長(zhǎng)根，頂端常叉狀分枝；匍匐莖細(xì)長(zhǎng)，白色，在節(jié)上生根。葉多數(shù)，均基生，具長(zhǎng)柄；葉片紙質(zhì)，腎形，稀腎狀心形，長(zhǎng)0.6—4 cm，寬1—6 cm，頂端圓形，稀稍急尖，基部心形，邊緣具圓齒或小牙齒，兩面密被貼伏短柔毛(毛長(zhǎng)0.2—0.6 mm)；葉柄長(zhǎng)3—14 cm，被反曲短柔毛；托葉膜質(zhì)，條形，長(zhǎng)約1 cm，基部與葉柄貼生，邊緣有稀疏流蘇狀小齒?；ü＠w細(xì)，長(zhǎng)3—6 cm，無毛，具2對(duì)生條形苞片?；ㄗ笥覍?duì)稱：萼片5，長(zhǎng)圓形，長(zhǎng)約5.5 mm，寬2 mm，無毛，具3條縱脈，附屬物正三角形，長(zhǎng)約1 mm?；ò?，淡藍(lán)色，狹倒卵形，長(zhǎng)約10 mm，寬5 mm，無毛；距長(zhǎng)約6 mm。雄蕊5，無毛，無花絲；花藥長(zhǎng)圓形，長(zhǎng)2 mm，藥隔突起卵形，長(zhǎng)1.4—1.8 mm；距長(zhǎng)4 mm。雌蕊內(nèi)藏；子房寬卵球形，長(zhǎng)約1.2 mm，直徑1.6 mm，有密腺體；花柱棒狀，長(zhǎng)約2.2 mm，無毛，頂端具鉤狀小柱頭。蒴果近球形，直徑5—6 mm，有紫色斑塊，被短柔毛。種子卵球形或球形，長(zhǎng)2.5mm，黃白色。

圖1 安徽堇菜 A.植株全形，B.花，C.一無距雄蕊和一具距雄蕊，D.雌蕊，E.種子。Figure 1 Viola anhuiensis A. habit, B. flower, C. a stamen without spur and a stamen with spur, D. pistil, E. seed. (A and E from holotype, B-D from D. Q. Wang 5984)

China. Anhui(安徽)：Huang Shan，Tangkou Town，F(xiàn)uxi Village(黃山，湯口鎮(zhèn)，浮溪村), in shady wet grassy places by streams under forest in valley(山谷林下溪邊陰濕草地)，alt. 700 m，July 8，2014，D. Q. Wang (王德群) W140708 (holotype, PE)；same locality (同地), alt. 750 m，Apr. 20，1990，X. H. Li & S. Z. Xing (李向紅，邢施傳) 901545 (ACM)；Tangkou Town(湯口鎮(zhèn))，alt. 430 m，in wet grassy places by streams under forest(林下溪邊濕地)，May 12，1988，D. Q. Wang (王德群) 85839 (ACM)；same locality (同地)，on the way from Songguan to Beihai (松谷庵至北海途中)，alt. 900 m，by streams under forest(林下溪邊)，May 7，1989，D. Q. Wang，G. B. Xu & X. L. Bao (王德群，徐國(guó)兵，鮑曉六) 7259 (ACM)；Ningguo City, Xianxia Town, Nimen Village (寧國(guó)市，仙霞鎮(zhèn)，尼門村), Apr. 24，2012，H. Liu (劉浩) 34188120426181 (ACM)；same locality (同地)，Yuti Fumaotan Village(云梯復(fù)茅坦村)， June 8，2012，H. Liu (劉浩) 341881120605394，341881120802950 (ACM)；Jinzhai County, You fangdian Town, Xilian Shan (金寨縣，油坊店鄉(xiāng)，西蓮山)，alt. 320 m， in shady wet places at forest margin (林緣陰濕處)，June 6，2012，D. Q. Wang & M. E. Cheng (王德群，程銘恩) 341524120606722 (ACM)；Huoshan County，Changchong Pharmaceutical Factory (霍山縣長(zhǎng)沖藥廠)，alt. 600 m，March 16，1984，D. Q. Wang(王德群)5984 (ACM)。

本種在親緣關(guān)系方面與球果堇菜ViolacollinaBess. 甚為相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種生于山谷溪畔濕地，具匍匐莖，葉片呈腎形或腎狀心形，頂端圓形，稀稍急尖，花梗長(zhǎng)3—6 cm，具閉花受精花。在球果堇菜，生于丘陵地區(qū)山坡林地中生環(huán)境，無匍匐莖，葉片心形，頂端急尖，花梗長(zhǎng)3—4 cm，不具閉花受精花[1](P22-23)。

2 桔?？艭ampanulaceae

2.1 鵝抱(本草圖經(jīng)) 圖2

Codonopsis ebao J. Xie, L. Zhang & D. Q. Wang, sp. nov.

Species nova haec est affinisC.ussuriensi(Rupr. & Maxim.) Hemsl., quae foliis margine haud spinulatis, calyce ad ovarii partem infernam adnato, capsula depresse globosa, seminibus exalatis differt; etiam affinisC.lanceolatae(Sieb. & Zucc.) Trautv., quae radicibus conicis, foliis saepe quatuor ad rami apicem verticellatis, calyce ad ovarii partem infernam adnato differt.

Perennial twining herbs. Roots tuber-like, ovoid or oblong, above the middle with annular atriae. Stems slender, green, at base dark-purple, glabrescent. Leaves alternate, often 3 on branch apex conferted, glabrescent; blades papery, ovate or elliptic, 3—5 cm long, 1.5—2.5 cm broad, apex obtuse, base broadly cuneate, margin entire and spinulate. Flower singly terminal to branch apex; pedicel slender, 1—18 cm long, glabrous, near flower turgid. Sepals 5, not adnate to ovary, lanceolate-linear, 7—10 mm long. 3—4 mm broad, glabrous, apex acute. Corolla campanulate, with base adnate to lower part of ovary, 1.8—2.5 cm long, 1.5—2 cm in diam., glabrous, 5-lobed; tube 1.2—1.8 cm long; lobes dark-purple, broadly triangular, 3—6 mm long. Stamens 5, inserted to corolla base, glabrous; filaments narrowly linear, 3—6 mm long, at base slightly dilated; anthers yellow, lanceolate-linear, 3—5 mm long. Pistil glabrous; ovary 5—7 mm in diam.; style 5—8 mm long; stigma as long as style, cup-shaped, densely glandular, 3-lobed, lobes triangular, ca. 2 mm long. Capsule ca. 1.1 cm in diam., lower part bowl-shaped, longitudinally 4—5-angulate, upper part broadly conic, when mature 3-valved. Seeds numerous, minute, dark-brown, ovate, with wings.

多年生纏繞草本。根塊狀，卵球形或長(zhǎng)圓體形，中部之上具環(huán)紋。莖細(xì)，綠色，基部暗紫色，變無毛。葉互生，常3枚密集生于枝端，變無毛；葉片紙質(zhì)，卵形或橢圓形，長(zhǎng)3—5 cm，寬1.5—2.5 cm，頂端鈍，基部寬楔形，邊緣全緣，具小刺。花單生枝端；花梗細(xì)，長(zhǎng)1—18 cm，無毛，在近花頂端膨大。萼片5，不與子房貼生，披針狀條形，長(zhǎng)7—10 cm，寬3—4 mm，無毛，頂端銳尖。花冠鐘狀，基部與子房下部貼生，長(zhǎng)1.8—2.5 cm，直徑1.5—2 cm，無毛，5淺裂；筒長(zhǎng)1.2—1.8 cm；裂片暗紫色，寬三角形，長(zhǎng)約5 mm。雄蕊5，著生于花冠基部，無毛；花絲狹條形，長(zhǎng)3—6 mm，基部稍變寬；花藥黃色，披針狀條形，長(zhǎng)3—5 mm。雌蕊無毛；子房直徑5—7 mm；花柱長(zhǎng)5—8 mm；柱頭與花柱等長(zhǎng)，杯狀，密生腺體，3淺裂，裂片三角形，長(zhǎng)約2 mm。瘦果直徑約1.1 cm，下部碗狀，有4—5棱，上部寬圓錐狀，成熟時(shí)裂成3瓣。種子多數(shù)，小，暗褐色，卵球形，具翅。

圖2 鵝抱 A.開花莖一段，B.花，C.萼片和雌蕊。Figure 2 Codonopsis ebao A. a part of flowering stem, B. flower, C. sepals and pistil. (from holotype)

China. Anhui(安徽)： Tongling City, Zhu Village, Guanyindong (銅陵縣，朱村，觀音洞)， alt. 35 m，in bushes by road (路邊灌叢), Oct. 2，2013，J. Xie (謝晉) XJ13100207 (holotype, PE)；Nanling City, Fengshugang (南陵縣，楓樹崗)，alt. 20 m，on grassy slope (草坡)，April 15，1988，D. Q. Wang (王德群) 9141 (ACM)；Huangshan Shi, Gengcheng Town, Fu Village (黃山市，耿城，輔村), alt. 55 m，in bushes (灌叢), May 6，1989，D. Q. Wang, G. B. Xu & X. L. Bao (王德群，徐國(guó)兵，鮑曉六) 7411 (ACM)。

本種在親緣關(guān)系方面接近雀斑黨參Codonopsisussuriensis(Rupr. & Maxim.) Hemsl.，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉緣具小刺，花萼不與子房貼生，子房和果實(shí)下部有4—5棱，種子有翅。在雀斑黨參，葉緣無小刺，花萼與子房下部貼生至子房中部，蒴果呈扁球形，種子無翅。本種也與羊乳Codonopsislanceolata(Sieb. & Zucc) Trautv.相似，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的根塊狀，葉常3枚在枝端密集生長(zhǎng)，花萼不與子房貼生。在羊乳，根呈圓錐狀，葉常4枚聚生枝端，花萼與子房下部貼生[2](P32-38)。

鵝抱之名始見《本草圖經(jīng)》，蘇頌云：“附石而生，作蔓……其根形似萊菔，大者如三升器，小者如拳?！盵3](P668-669)按其附圖，所言或?yàn)榇朔N。

本品主要分布長(zhǎng)江下游及淮河以南各地。其他地下部分在民間亦有藥用。河南固始一帶稱其為雞蛋參，用其滋補(bǔ)身體。在安徽地區(qū)混作四葉參(一名羊乳)收購(gòu)。二者的藥材形態(tài)亦存在明顯差異。四葉參原植物為同屬植物羊乳C.lanceolata(Sieb. et Zucc.) Trautv.的根，藥材形態(tài)為長(zhǎng)圓柱形，而本品地下部分為塊狀或卵球形。

2.2 瑯琊山薺苨 圖3

Adenophora langyashanica L. Zhang & D. Q. Wang, sp. nov.

Species nova haec est affinisA.trachelioidiMaxim., quae foliis coriaceis, calycis tubo obtriangulari-conico, corolla caerulea vel caeruleo-purpurea differt.

Perennial herbs. Roots long conical, carnose. Stems up to 1 m tall, glabrous, ramose. Basal leaf solitary, glabrescent; blade papery, reniform, ca. 3 cm long, 4.5 cm broad, apex rounded, base cordate, margin denticulate; petiole ca. 3 cm long. Cauline leaves alternate, subglabrous; blades papery, cordate or cordate-ovate, 4—10 cm long, 3—8 cm broad, apex acuminate, base cordate or shallowly cordate, margin simple-denticulate or double-denticulate; petioles 1.5—4.4 cm long. Inflorescences racemose or paniculate, terminal; rachis with pedicels glabrous; bracts elliptic, 0.5—2 cm long, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, 5-lobed; tube obovoid or obovoid-obconic; lobes linear-lanceolate, 5—8 mm long, 1.5—3 mm broad. Corolla white, campanulate, 1.5—2 cm long, glabrous, 5-lobed; lobes broadly triangular, ca. 4 mm long. Stamens 5; filaments ca. 7 mm long, below oblong, ca. 3 mm long, 1 mm broad, margin densely long ciliate, above filiform, 3—4 mm long, glabrous; anthers narrowly linear, ca. 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Disc shortly tubular, 2—3 mm high, ca. 1.2 mm in diam. Pistil glabrous; style as long as stamens; stigma small, capitate. Capsule ovoid-conic, ca. 7 mm long, 5 mm in diam. Seeds yellow-brown, oblong.

多年生草本。根長(zhǎng)圓錐形，肉質(zhì)。莖高達(dá)1 m，無毛，多分枝?；~1，變無毛；葉片紙質(zhì)，腎形，長(zhǎng)約3 cm，寬4.5 cm，頂端圓形，基部心形，邊緣具小牙齒；葉柄長(zhǎng)約3 cm.莖生葉互生，近無毛；葉片紙質(zhì)，心形或心狀卵形，長(zhǎng)4—10 cm，寬3—8 cm，頂端漸尖，基部心形或淺心形，邊緣具單小齒或重小齒；葉柄長(zhǎng)1.5—4.4 cm。花序總狀或圓錐狀，頂生；花序軸和花梗無毛；苞片橢圓形，長(zhǎng)0.5—2 mm，無毛?；ㄝ酂o毛，5淺裂；筒倒卵球形或倒卵狀倒圓錐形；裂片條狀披針形，長(zhǎng)5—8 mm，寬1.5—3 mm?；ü诎咨姞?，長(zhǎng)1.5—2 cm，無毛，5淺裂；裂片寬三角形，長(zhǎng)約4 mm。雄蕊5；花絲長(zhǎng)約7 mm，下部長(zhǎng)圓形，長(zhǎng)約3 mm，寬1 mm，邊緣密被長(zhǎng)緣毛，上部絲形，長(zhǎng)3—4 mm，無毛；花藥狹條形，長(zhǎng)約2.5 mm，無毛?；ūP短筒狀，高2—3 mm，直徑約1.2 mm，無毛。雌蕊無毛；花柱與雄蕊等長(zhǎng)；柱頭小，頭狀。蒴果卵狀圓錐形，長(zhǎng)約7 mm，直徑5 mm。種子黃褐色，長(zhǎng)圓形。

圖3 瑯琊山薺苨 A.開花莖，B.基生葉，C.花，D.花，去掉花冠，E.雄蕊。Figure 3 Adenophora langyashanica A. flowering stem, B. basal leaf, C. flower, D. flower with corolla removed, E. stamen. (from X. Y. Deng et al. 341182120825921)

China. Anhui(安徽)：Chuzhou City，Langya Shan (滁州市，瑯琊山)，alt. 60 m，fl. white (花白色)，Oct. 10，1981，D. Q. Wang (王德群) 3386 (holotype，ACM)；same locality (同地)，Sep. 9,1980，1978，class of Depart. of Chinese Materia Medica (中藥系1978級(jí)) 70，338(ACM)；Mingguang City，Laojia Shan (明光市，老嘉山)， alt. 150 m，fl. white (花白色)，Aug. 25，2012，X. Y. Deng，X. G. Wu & X. X. Wang (鄧先瑜，武星光，王星星) 341182120825921 (PE)；Quanjiao City，Sanhe Town (全椒縣，三合鄉(xiāng))，1982，D. Q. Wang (王德群)6565 (ACM)；same locality (同地)，Zhangwa Village (張窪村)，July 21，1992，D. Q. Wang (王德群) W920721 (ACM)。

本種在親緣關(guān)系方面與薺苨AdenophoratrachelioidesMaxim.相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉紙質(zhì)，萼筒倒卵球形或倒卵狀倒圓錐形，花冠白色。在薺苨，葉較厚，革質(zhì)，萼筒呈倒三角狀圓錐形，花冠藍(lán)色或藍(lán)紫色，有時(shí)淡化呈近白色時(shí)，則在同一種群中的植物中的花冠常具上述幾種顏色[4](P115-119)。

討論：經(jīng)過對(duì)薺苨類植物調(diào)查，并參閱《中國(guó)植物志》、《中國(guó)高等植物》[5](P475-490)和《浙江植物志》[6](P203-206)等資料，發(fā)現(xiàn)薺苨主要分布于山東、河北、內(nèi)蒙古東部及江蘇北部連云港地區(qū)的丘陵地帶，這些地區(qū)屬于中溫帶。薄葉薺苨Adenophoraremotiflora(Sieb. et Zucc.) Miq.則分布于北溫帶的東北三省及朝鮮半島北部，日本與俄羅斯，是耐寒種類，生長(zhǎng)于山區(qū)，葉薄。遼寧東部少數(shù)個(gè)體在性狀上介于薺苨與薄葉薺苨之間，因?yàn)檫@一帶屬于兩種之間過渡地區(qū)。

薺苨有記載浙江天目山和安徽黃山也有分布，我們?cè)谔炷可?、黃山及安徽皖南的九華山及大別山區(qū)的萬佛山采集了大量的該類群的標(biāo)本，它們?nèi)~薄，葉基平截至寬楔形，是典型的薄葉薺苨性狀，因此安徽沒有薺苨，只在山區(qū)有薄葉薺苨分布。

另外，我們?cè)?984年在山東嶗山采集到一份標(biāo)本，經(jīng)鑒定，也與薄葉薺苨相同，葉薄而葉基楔形下延。

薺苨類植物，薄葉薺苨分布于北溫帶山區(qū)，葉薄是主要特征，屬于耐寒種類，暖溫帶、亞熱帶地區(qū)較高海拔的山區(qū)也成了其生長(zhǎng)區(qū)域，所以，在山東嶗山、安徽大別山區(qū)的萬佛山，皖南山區(qū)的黃山，九華山，浙江的天目山1000—1800 m均可見到大量分布的薄葉薺苨(見標(biāo)本引證)。而薄葉薺苨的西部高海拔分布就被秦嶺沙參所取代。

薺苨與瑯琊山薺苨，不僅是形態(tài)上的差異，在分布上，兩者均是丘陵地區(qū)種類，陽性植物，但薺苨分布僅限于暖溫帶地區(qū)，而瑯琊山薺苨特產(chǎn)于安徽境內(nèi)的長(zhǎng)江與淮河之間丘陵地帶的北亞熱帶地區(qū)，葉薄于薺苨，花為純白色，并非像薺苨的花是由藍(lán)、紫、白的過渡色(見薺苨標(biāo)本引證)。

標(biāo)本引證：

2.2.1 薄葉薺苨

China. Shandong(山東)：Lao Shan(嶗山)，Aug. 1，1983，S. H. Huang & D. Q. Wang (黃世華，王德群)，5878(ACM). Anhui(安徽)：Huang Shan(黃山), July 28, 1979，X. F. Liu(劉曉帆) 4087(ACM)；Huang Shan，Lianhuafeng(黃山，蓮花峰)，alt. 1700 m，in the mountain road under forest(山腰路旁林下)，Oct. 15，1981，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，3536(ACM)；Huang Shan，Tiandufeng(黃山，天都峰)，alt. 1700 m，at roadside(路邊)，May 8，1984，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，6029(ACM)；same locality (同地)，alt. 1800 m，August，1994，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，W94287(ACM)；same locality (同地)， Oct. 20，1991，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，911020(ACM)；same locality (同地)，alt. 1700 m；July 12，1983，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，5832(ACM)；Huang Shan，Xihai(黃山西海)，alt. 1700 m，at roadside(山坡路邊)，Sep. 14，1987，D. Q. Wang & W. T. Wang(王德群，王文采) 9041(ACM)；Huang Shan，Beihai(黃山北海)，alt. 1600—1800 m，at roadside(路邊)，May 12，1986，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，8608(ACM)；same locality (同地)，alt. 1600 m，under forest(林下)，fls. blue，July，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，5218(ACM); Jiuhua Shan，Tian Tail(九華山天臺(tái))，July 17，1983，D. Q. Wang & M. X. Li(王德群，李明星) 5855(ACM). Shucheng City，Wanfo Shan(舒城萬佛山)，at cliff edge(崖邊)，July, 2000，劉守金；采集號(hào)：萬465(ACM)；same locality (同地)，Oct. 2，2000，S. J. Liu(劉守金)萬1118(ACM)；same locality (同地)，at hillside of foresty centre(林場(chǎng)山坡)，Apr. 7，2001，S. J. Liu(劉守金)萬2234(ACM)；same locality (同地)，alt. 1400 m；July，2000，S. J. Liu(劉守金)萬456(ACM)。

2.2.2 薺苨

Shandong(山東)：Yantai City(煙臺(tái))，alt. 50 m，at forest margin (林緣)，fls. from white to light-blue (花白色至淺藍(lán)色)，Aug. 20，1987，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，8927(ACM)；Yantai City，Kongdongdao(煙臺(tái)，崆峒島)，July 28，1983，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，5873(ACM). Jangsu(江蘇)：Lianyungang City，Xugou Town，Beigushan(連云港，墟溝，北固山)，July 13，1999，D. Q. Wang & S. J. Liu(王德群，劉守金) W990713(ACM).Beijing(北京)：Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences · Peking Union medical college Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院藥用植物研究所)，growth(栽培)，Aug. 19，1987，D. Q. Wang (王德群)，8942(ACM)。

3 鴨跖草科Commelinaceae

二色鴨跖草 圖4

Commelina bicolor D. Q. Wang & M. E. Cheng, sp. nov.

Species nova haec est affinisC.communiL., quae foliis latioribus usque ad 2.2 cm latis, glabris vel eorum vaginis margine puberulis, bractea involucrali cordata dorso glabra, petalis cum unguibus totis caeruleis distinguitur.

Annual herbs. Stems ca.25 cm tall, below ca. 1.5 mm across, glabrous, branched. Leaves lanceolate, 3—5 cm long, 1—1.5 cm broad, on margin of base and apical part of sheath long ciliate, elsewhere glabrous. Cymes singly opposite to leaves, the lower one 1-flowered, the upper one 2—3-flowered; peduncles filiform, 0.8—2 cm long, glabrous; involucral bract spathe-like, conduplicate, reniform, 1.2—1.5 cm long, 0.6—0.8 cm broad, apex mucronate, base cordate, abaxially on central basal nerves villous; bracts obliquely elliptic, ca. 4 mm long, glabrous. Flower: Pedicels ca. 5 mm long, glabrous. Sepal 3, white, membranous, glabrous, upper one lanceolate, ca. 5 mm long. 1 mm broad, two lower ones obliquely ovate, ca. 4—5 mm long and broad. Petals 3, glabrous, two upper ones oribicular-ovate or broadly ovate, 8—13 mm long, 9—14 mm broad, upper most part deep-blue, basal part with claws (3 mm long) white, lower petal white, lanceolate, 7 mm long, 1 mm broad. Fertile stamens 3, glabrous; filaments ca. 10 mm long; anthers yellowish, narrowly oblong, ca. 1.5 mm long. Sterile stamens 3, glabrous; filaments 6—8 mm long; anthers orange, papilionaceous, ca. 1.5 mm long. Pistil glabrous; ovary narrowly oblong, ca. 1.8 mm long; style ca. 13 mm long. Capsule subglobose, ca. 5 mm long, 2-celled, 2-valved, with 4 seeds. Seeds black, subobovoid, 2—3 mm long, upper surface truncate, ventral surface flat, irregularly foveolate.

一年生草本。莖高約25 cm，下部粗約1.5 mm，無毛，分枝。葉披針形，長(zhǎng)3—5 cm，寬1—1.5 cm，基部邊緣和鞘頂部邊緣被長(zhǎng)緣毛，其他部分無毛。聚傘花序與葉對(duì)生，下部者具1花，上部者具2—3花；花序梗絲形，長(zhǎng)0.8—2 cm，無毛；總苞片佛焰苞狀，對(duì)折，腎形，長(zhǎng)1—1.5 cm，寬1.5—1.9 cm，頂端具短尖頭，基部心形，背面在中部基出脈上被長(zhǎng)柔毛；苞片斜橢圓形，長(zhǎng)約4 mm，無毛?；ǎ夯üｉL(zhǎng)約5 mm，無毛。萼片3，白色，膜質(zhì)，無毛，上方1枚萼片披針形，長(zhǎng)約5 mm，寬1 mm，2下方萼片斜卵形，長(zhǎng)和寬各約4—5 mm。花瓣3，無毛，2上方花瓣圓卵形或?qū)捖研?，長(zhǎng)8—13 mm，寬9—14 mm，上方大部呈深藍(lán)色，基部和長(zhǎng)3 mm的爪呈白色，下方1枚花瓣白色，披針形，長(zhǎng)7 mm，寬1 mm。能育雄蕊3，無毛；花絲長(zhǎng)約10 mm；花藥淡黃色，狹長(zhǎng)圓形，長(zhǎng)約1.5 mm。不育雄蕊3，無毛；花絲長(zhǎng)6—8 mm；花藥橙色，蝴蝶形，長(zhǎng)約1.5 mm。雌蕊無毛；子房狹長(zhǎng)圓形，長(zhǎng)約1.8 mm；花柱長(zhǎng)約1.3 mm。蒴果黑色，近倒卵球形，長(zhǎng)2—3 mm，上面截平，腹面平，有不規(guī)則窩孔。

圖4 二色鴨跖草 A.植株全形，B.總苞片， C.3花瓣， D.能育雄蕊，E.退化雄蕊，F(xiàn).雌蕊。Figure 4 Commelina bicolorA. habit, B. Involucral bract, C. Three petals, D. fertile stamen, E. staminode, F. pistil. (from holotype)

China. Anhui(安徽)：Feixi City, Daqian Shan (肥西縣，大潛山)，alt. 200 m，on grassly slope (山坡草地)，June 29，2014，D. Q. Wang, Y. Y. Lu & L. Zhang (王德群，陸業(yè)銀，張玲) W1406291 (holotype, PE)；Chaohu City, Yinping Shan (巢湖市，銀屏山)，alt. 300 m，by road on slope (山坡路旁)，Aug. 31，2014，D. Q. Wang(王德群) W14083102 (fl. & fr., ACM)；same locality (同地)，Aug. 31，2014，H. S. Peng & M. E. Cheng (彭華勝，程銘恩) 083101 (ACM). Hubei (湖北)：Luotian City, Bedaofeng (羅田縣，薄刀峰)，alt. 600 m，by stream near road (路邊溝畔)，Aug. 3，2014，D. Q. Wang, Z. Qing & Y. Y. Lu (王德群，慶兆，陸業(yè)銀) W1408032(fl. & fr., ACM)。

本種在親緣關(guān)系方面接近鴨跖草CommelinacommunlisL.,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉較狹窄，寬1—1.5 cm，基部及葉鞘頂部被長(zhǎng)緣毛，總苞片腎形，背面中部脈上被長(zhǎng)柔毛，花瓣上部深藍(lán)色，基部連同爪部均呈白色。在鴨跖草，葉寬達(dá)2.2 cm，無毛或其鞘邊緣被短柔毛，總苞片心形，背面無毛，花瓣與爪均呈深藍(lán)色[7](P125-133)。

致謝深切感謝王文采院士對(duì)本文提出寶貴意見，并協(xié)助翻譯中文特征集要為拉丁文，還深切感謝孫英寶先生為本文繪圖。