銀川平原飲用地下水健康風(fēng)險評價及風(fēng)險控制研究

陳璽 朱亮 劉景濤 周冰

摘要以地下水污染調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，運用健康風(fēng)險評價模型，對銀川平原飲用地下水中25種化學(xué)污染物飲水暴露途徑的健康風(fēng)險進行初步評價，結(jié)合優(yōu)先控制污染物的分布特征，提出相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險控制措施。結(jié)果表明，銀川平原飲用地下水存在不同程度的致癌和非致癌健康風(fēng)險，致癌風(fēng)險值介于國際上最嚴(yán)格風(fēng)險尺度1×10-6和最寬松風(fēng)險尺度1×10-4之間的地下水比例為50.6%，大于1×10-4的地下水比例為14.5%，砷、鉛、Cr（Ⅵ）、氟等無機污染物的健康風(fēng)險大于苯、三氯乙烯、甲苯、1，2-二氯乙烷、1，1-二氯乙烯等有機污染物，其中，砷的致癌和非致癌風(fēng)險率分別為47.3%、8.6%，遠大于其他物質(zhì)，是銀川平原地下水的優(yōu)先控制污染物;高砷地下水主要呈條帶狀分布于黃河近岸及沖洪積平原前緣地區(qū)，以天然成因為主，淺層水中砷含量高、波動較大，深層水中砷含量低且穩(wěn)定;通過改進成井工藝、分層開采承壓水和優(yōu)化開采量等技術(shù)手段可實現(xiàn)對高砷風(fēng)險水體的控制，加強污染源管理和水質(zhì)監(jiān)測預(yù)警是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)風(fēng)險管理的必要手段。

關(guān)鍵詞化學(xué)污染物;地下水;健康風(fēng)險評價;風(fēng)險控制;銀川平原

中圖分類號X?824文獻標(biāo)識碼A

文章編號0517-6611（2019）18-0078-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.18.019

開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識碼（OSID）：

Study on Health Risk Assessment and Risk Control of?Drinking Groundwater in Yinchuan Plain

CHEN?Xi，ZHU Liang， LIU Jing-tao et al

（Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology， Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，Shijiazhuang， Hebei 050061）

AbstractBased on the survey data of groundwater pollution， the health risk assessment model was used to preliminarily evaluate the health risk of 25 kinds of chemical pollutants in drinking groundwater in Yinchuan Plain， and put forward the corresponding risk control measures based on the distribution characteristics of priority control pollutants.The results showed that drinking groundwater in Yinchuan Plain had different levels of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks. The proportion of groundwater with carcinogenic risk between the strictest risk scale 1×10-6 and the loosest risk scale 1×10-4 internationally was 50.6%.The proportion of groundwater greater than 1×10-4 was 14.5%.Health risks of?arsenic， lead， Cr （Ⅵ）， fluoride and other inorganic pollutants was more than benzene， trichloroethylene， toluene， 1， 2 - dichloroethane， 1， 1-2 vinyl chloride and other organic pollutants.Among them， the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk rate of arsenic was?47.3% and 8.6% respectively， which was much higher than other substances and was the priority control pollutant of groundwater in Yinchuan plain.The high-arsenic groundwater was mainly distributed in banding areas near the Banks of the Yellow River and the front edge of the alluvial-diluvial plain. The arsenic content in shallow water was high and fluctuated?greatly， while the arsenic content in deep water was low and stable.The control of high arsenic risk water can be achieved by improving well completion technology and optimizing exploitation quantity.Strengthening pollution source management and water quality monitoring and early warning are necessary means to realize sustainable risk management.