論雅思口語的采分點(diǎn)

魯美秀子

摘要：雅思已經(jīng)成為許多出國留學(xué)人士必過的關(guān)卡，不同的大學(xué)、不同的專業(yè)，有其各自對(duì)應(yīng)的雅思分?jǐn)?shù)要求。對(duì)大多數(shù)中國考生來說，雅思口語無疑是一個(gè)“大難題”，因?yàn)橹袊膽?yīng)試教育，對(duì)口語的考察度并不夠；根據(jù)雅思官方發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國雅思考生的口語成績平均分只有五分，因此，為了幫助大多數(shù)的考生擺脫練習(xí)雅思口語的瓶頸，將以雅思題庫中的相關(guān)例題，作為案例進(jìn)行剖析，深入闡述其得分要點(diǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：雅思口語；采分點(diǎn)；例題分析

雅思口語主要把以下幾個(gè)方面作為其考察重點(diǎn)：流利度、連貫性、詞匯量、多樣性、準(zhǔn)確度、語音。

第一，在雅思口語考試中，除了willingness to speak at length，必須盡可能自然地使用a wide range of connectives，由于許多雅思考生在參加考試的時(shí)候，自認(rèn)為流利度和連貫性都不錯(cuò)，以為會(huì)有較高的分?jǐn)?shù)，但是結(jié)果出來的時(shí)候，往往讓人大失所望。究其原因，考生口中的流利度與連貫性達(dá)標(biāo)，只是我們中式思維的達(dá)標(biāo)，中國大多數(shù)的考生只會(huì)運(yùn)用極其基本的連接詞如：and， but， because， so，用不同的連接詞將語意進(jìn)行有效的銜接并沒有錯(cuò)，但是我們最容易忽略的就是自然地、恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂谜Z氣詞、語篇標(biāo)記做銜接，就是指考生給出一個(gè)信號(hào)，而考官就能預(yù)測接下來的談話內(nèi)容，比如：well， you know ac tually I was going to say …/ so basically this means… / it is no exaggeration to say that … / to be hone st， 而這些詞并不是真正意義上的坦白，只是一個(gè)信號(hào)讓考官能夠感受你對(duì)語言的駕馭能力，而不是生搬硬套地將那些connective words 連接在一起。這些詞就像是工具上的“螺絲釘”，擰緊了（用好了）便可得到預(yù)期效果。

第二，在雅思口語考試中，詞匯也很重要。所以建議考生平時(shí)練習(xí)口語話題時(shí)，遇到模棱兩可的詞一定要去查英文詞典的英文釋義，大多數(shù)中國考生為了節(jié)約時(shí)間、圖方便，將中文釋義與英文單詞對(duì)照背誦，結(jié)果就是說出的話，像是兩個(gè)本來不想干的東西拼湊到一起，這也就是所謂的Chinglish（中式英語）。對(duì)于中式英語，只有中國人自己能探尋到其真正的語意，國外的考官難聽懂，即便聽懂了，也不會(huì)給考生太高的band。及時(shí)解決掉單詞理解問題，也不要故意使用高難度詞匯，雅思考試是為了出國生活、學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備的考試，考官不會(huì)喜歡在日常生活中炫耀詞匯量的人，他們會(huì)認(rèn)為這種行為ridiculous。除此之外，還有一個(gè)非常重要的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)---paraphrase，需要考生具備能力將自己所說的話以另一種方式解釋出來，也就是我們常說的同意替換。

第三，學(xué)會(huì)簡單句與復(fù)雜句并用。考生若想在語法維度拿到7分，就需要70%以上的口語表達(dá)都用復(fù)雜句表述出來，而且結(jié)構(gòu)要多樣。比如：“I used to … in the past but no w I…”這樣不僅可以為自己創(chuàng)造更多地思考時(shí)間，還可以滿足時(shí)態(tài)的多樣性，可謂是一舉兩得。

最后，發(fā)音也是一個(gè)非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)，不可小覷。如果考生從頭至尾都是在不變換的語音語調(diào)回答問題、與考官交談，會(huì)使考官覺得考生在背誦答案；而答案背誦地再流利，也只能是5.5分。另外，句子的中心以及意群的劃分，都必須體現(xiàn)出來，因?yàn)檫@些都是一名語言學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)該具備的基本功。

提供以下例析作為參考：

1.Vegetables and Fruits

What kind of fruit do you like？

Did you like to eat fruit when you were a child？

Is it important to eat fruit？

回答一：Watermelon is a type of fruit with abundant nutrition. Therefore， I have been accustomed to eat watermelon once a week. When I was a child， my mother often bought the watermelon for me. Thats why I like it very much. Moreover， the habit of eating fruits has been wildly accepted by people especially after the peoples living standards are improved.

回答二：I like watermelon. I like it when I was a child. It is important to eat fruit.

上述兩種不同的回答方式作為對(duì)照，讀者可以對(duì)比一下其中的差別，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，回答一更勝一籌的原因?？赡苡行┳x者認(rèn)為，回答一的長度更長，占用的時(shí)間更多，會(huì)使考官覺得自己很有駕馭語言的能力。但是回答一真正的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于回答所有問題的同時(shí)還能夠擴(kuò)充自己的回答，以另一種非常連貫的方式表達(dá)了自己的觀點(diǎn)，在這種情況下，考生再搭配自身的語音優(yōu)勢(shì)，會(huì)獲得比較滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)。

2.Time Management

How do you organize your time？

Do you think young people organize their time in the same way？

Are you ever late for anything？

What excuses do you use when you late？

Do you like it when others are late？

回答一：I organize my time according to different situations. When I am studying， I will give priority to all tasks instead of being distracted from studying like playing computer games to decline my efficiency. In contrast， if I go shopping with my friends， I would like to pour all of my energy on shopping. Of course， I am unlikely to be influenced by work. In my opinion， it is a good principle for me to adhere to.

As for the young， they are more energetic and vigorous. They are more likely to create new ways to save time or utilize time， such as while cleaning the room， they are capable of listening to the latest news.

I have definitely been late for a date with my friends. As my teacher told me to buy some chalks for her， even though it was time to go home， I have to change my ideas temperately. After I got to the restaurant， I was willing to tell the truth to my friend. I will not lie to my friend just for avoiding my mistakes.

If anyone definitely has some emergency， I am pleased to accept and wait for him or her for a longer time. However， if they are deliberate， I will not waste my time， so it depends on different situations.

回答二：I get up early to have breakfast and study. During the day， I would like communicate with my teachers to talk about something I do not understand. Young people cannot organize very well， because they do not aware of the importance of time. I do not late for anything.

回答一和回答二的區(qū)別在于回答一更注重語篇整體的把握，不是為了回答問題而回答問題，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)回答一的邏輯更清晰。而回答二只是對(duì)問題進(jìn)行了“是”與“不是”的回答，而且時(shí)間跨度也不夠，并不能讓人煥然一新。

因此，考生在準(zhǔn)備雅思口語考試時(shí)，要嚴(yán)格遵守上述的幾個(gè)原則，再加以時(shí)日地練習(xí)和鞏固，會(huì)取得不錯(cuò)的成績。